变尺度构造模型在地质统计学反演储层预测中的应用
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摘要
地质统计学反演是油田勘探开发储层精细描述较常见的方法,实际应用中具有多解性且纵向上无法将砂体准确落实到开发层系。在对比分析油层组、砂岩组、小层级及沉积单元级不同尺度下反演预测效果的基础上,提出变尺度构造模型作为约束地质统计学反演的框架模型。对于低弯曲和高弯曲分流河道砂体采用砂岩组尺度,针对支状内前缘砂体采用小层尺度,建立变尺度构造模型;并在模型的约束下,优化不同类型储层反演参数、开展地质统计学反演运算。变尺度构造模型约束地质统计学反演方法具有较高横向分辨能力,井间窄小河道和复合河道砂体特征明显,并在大庆长垣BEX区块实际应用中取得了较好的效果。
Geo-statistics inversion is a common method for reservoir fine description during oilfield exploration and development.However,this method has multi-solution in actual application and cannot exactly locate sand body in the explored horizons vertically.Based on the inversion prediction results of oil-zone group,sandstone group,small series and sedimentation units at different scales,a variable-scale tectonic model was proposed as a frame model for constraining geo-statistics inversion.Sandstone group scale is adopted for low-sinuosity and high-sinuosity distributary channel,and small-layer scale is used for branched front sand body.On this basis,the variable-scale tectonic model can be built.Under the constraint of this model,the inversion parameters for different types of reservoirs are optimized to perform geo-statistics inversion calculation.The geo-statistics inversion method constrained by variablescale tectonic model has a high lateral resolution capability,and remarkably reflects the sand body characteristics of inter-well narrow river channel and composite channel.Great achievement has been made in Daqing placanticline BEX block.
Geo-statistics inversion is a common method for reservoir fine description during oilfield exploration and development.However,this method has multi-solution in actual application and cannot exactly locate sand body in the explored horizons vertically.Based on the inversion prediction results of oil-zone group,sandstone group,small series and sedimentation units at different scales,a variable-scale tectonic model was proposed as a frame model for constraining geo-statistics inversion.Sandstone group scale is adopted for low-sinuosity and high-sinuosity distributary channel,and small-layer scale is used for branched front sand body.On this basis,the variable-scale tectonic model can be built.Under the constraint of this model,the inversion parameters for different types of reservoirs are optimized to perform geo-statistics inversion calculation.The geo-statistics inversion method constrained by variablescale tectonic model has a high lateral resolution capability,and remarkably reflects the sand body characteristics of inter-well narrow river channel and composite channel.Great achievement has been made in Daqing placanticline BEX block.
引文
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[16]周银邦,吴胜和,岳大力,等.复合分流河道砂体内部单河道划分——以萨北油田北二西区萨Ⅱ1+2b小层为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2010,17(2):4-8.ZHOU Yinbang,WU Shenghe,YUE Dali,et al.Identification of single channel in compound distributary sand body—case of SⅡ1+2b layer of westⅡregion,3rd block of Daqing oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2010,17(2):4-8.
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[18]谭学群,廉培庆,张俊法,等.基于“二次震控”的三维油藏建模新方法[J].石油学报,2016,37(12):1518-1827.TAN Xuequn,LIAN Peiqing,ZHANG Junfa,et al.A new method for 3D oil reservoir modeling based on“double seismic constraint”[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(12):1518-1827.
[19]徐立恒,陈显森,姜岩,等.不同变差函数变程下随机反演与随机模拟对比分析[J].物探与化探,2012,36(2):224-227.XU Liheng,CHEN Xiansen,JIANG Yan,et al.A comparative analysis of stochastic Inversion and stochastic simulation on different ranges of variograms[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2012,36(2):224-227.
[20]潘翼,宫伟,赵匡,等.基于地震反演约束的储层建模方法及应用[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2017,44(5):529-534.PAN Yi,GONG Wei,ZHAO Kuang,et al.Application research of reservoir modeling method based on seismic inversion constraint[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2017,44(5):529-534.
[21]张建坤,吴吉忠,徐文会,等.基于岩石物理的致密砂岩油藏叠前优势储层预测—以渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷4号构造东营组二段为例[J].石油学报,2017,38(7):793-803.ZHANG Jiankun,WU Jizhong,XU Wenhui,et al.Pre-stack favorable reservoir prediction in tight sandstone reservoirs based on rock physics:a case study of the 2nd Member of Dongying Formation,Structure 4,Nanpu sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(7):793-803.
[2]印兴耀,张世鑫,张繁昌,等.利用基于Russell近似的弹性波阻抗反演进行储层描述和流体识别[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(3):373-380.YIN Xingyao,ZHANG Shixin,ZHANG Fanchang,et al.Utilizing Russell Approximation-based elastic wave impedance inversion to conduct reservoir description and fluid identification[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(3):373-380.
[3] RUSSELL B H,GRAY D,HAMPSON D P.Linearized AVO and poroelasticity[J].Geophysics,2011,76(3):C19-C29.
[4]杨懋新,刘金平,王允清,等.井震联合地质建模技术在扶杨油层油藏描述中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):130-133.YANG Maoxin,LIU Jinping,WANG Yunqing,et al.Application of well-seismic joint geology modeling technique in reservoir characterization in Fuyang reservoir[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(S1):130-133.
[5]印兴耀,王慧欣,曹丹平,等.利用三参数AVO近似方程的深层叠前地震反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(1):131-135.YIN Xingyao,WANG Huixin,CAO Danping,et al.Three term AVO approximation of Kf-Km-ρand prestack seismic inversion for deep reservoirs[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2018,53(1):131-135.
[6]石玉梅,谢韬,宋建勇,等.声学全波形反演预测饱和度[J].石油学报,2017,38(11):1284-1292.SHI Yumei,XIE Tao,SONG Jianyong,et al.Prediction of saturation using acoustic full waveform inversion[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(11):1284-1292.
[7]孙思敏,彭仕宓.地质统计学反演方法及其在薄层砂体预测中的应用[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2007,22(1):41-48.SUN Simin,PENG Shimi.Geostatistical inversion method and its application in the prediction of thin reservoirs[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2007,22(1):41-48.
[8]徐立恒,李杰,姜岩,等.利用断层模型约束反演技术进行储层预测[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(3):473-476.XU Liheng,LI Jie,JIANG Yan,et al.Reservoir prediction using inversion constrained by faults model[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(3):473-476.
[9]王兆峰,魏小东,陈鑫,等.基于小层约束地震反演技术在T油田的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,15(4):637-641.WANG Zhaofeng,WEI Xiaodong,CHEN Xin,et al.Application of thin-layer constrained seismic inversion technique in T oilfield[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,15(4):637-641.
[10]刘占族,张雷,霍丽娜,等.地质统计学反演在煤层气薄储层识别中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(增刊1):30-34.LIU Zhanzu,ZHANG Lei,HUO Lina,et al.Thin coalbed methane reservoir identification by geostatistics inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(S1):30-34.
[11]撒利明,杨午阳,姚逢昌,等.地震反演技术回顾与展望[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(1):184-202.SA Liming,YANG Wuyang,YAO Fengchang,et al.Past,present,and future of geophysical inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(1):184-202.
[12] DUBRULE O,THIBAUT M,LAMY P,et al.Geostatistical reservoir characterization constrained by 3D seismic data[J].Petroleum Geoscience,1998,4(2):121-128.
[13]于兴河.油气储层地质学基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:20-55.YU Xinghe.Foundation of geology of oil and gas reservoirs[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009:20-55.
[14]赵翰卿.松辽湖盆精细储层沉积学研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:30-70.ZHAO Hanqing.Study on fine reservoir sedimentology in Songliao Lake Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009:30-70.
[15]徐立恒,郝兰英,刘江玉.井震反演识别复合砂体内单一河道[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2014,36(2):64-70.XU Liheng,HAO Lanying,LIU Jiangyu.Recognition of single channel in composite sand body based on well-seismic and inversion[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2014,36(2):64-70.
[16]周银邦,吴胜和,岳大力,等.复合分流河道砂体内部单河道划分——以萨北油田北二西区萨Ⅱ1+2b小层为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2010,17(2):4-8.ZHOU Yinbang,WU Shenghe,YUE Dali,et al.Identification of single channel in compound distributary sand body—case of SⅡ1+2b layer of westⅡregion,3rd block of Daqing oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2010,17(2):4-8.
[17]朱石磊,杨瑞召,刘志斌,等.密集井网下随机地震反演方案及砂体预测[J].石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(2):361-368.ZHU Shilei,YANG Ruizhao,LIU Zhibin,et al.Stochastic seismic inversion scheme and sand body prediction in dense well pattern areas[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2018,53(2):361-368.
[18]谭学群,廉培庆,张俊法,等.基于“二次震控”的三维油藏建模新方法[J].石油学报,2016,37(12):1518-1827.TAN Xuequn,LIAN Peiqing,ZHANG Junfa,et al.A new method for 3D oil reservoir modeling based on“double seismic constraint”[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(12):1518-1827.
[19]徐立恒,陈显森,姜岩,等.不同变差函数变程下随机反演与随机模拟对比分析[J].物探与化探,2012,36(2):224-227.XU Liheng,CHEN Xiansen,JIANG Yan,et al.A comparative analysis of stochastic Inversion and stochastic simulation on different ranges of variograms[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2012,36(2):224-227.
[20]潘翼,宫伟,赵匡,等.基于地震反演约束的储层建模方法及应用[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2017,44(5):529-534.PAN Yi,GONG Wei,ZHAO Kuang,et al.Application research of reservoir modeling method based on seismic inversion constraint[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2017,44(5):529-534.
[21]张建坤,吴吉忠,徐文会,等.基于岩石物理的致密砂岩油藏叠前优势储层预测—以渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷4号构造东营组二段为例[J].石油学报,2017,38(7):793-803.ZHANG Jiankun,WU Jizhong,XU Wenhui,et al.Pre-stack favorable reservoir prediction in tight sandstone reservoirs based on rock physics:a case study of the 2nd Member of Dongying Formation,Structure 4,Nanpu sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(7):793-803.