湘西地区构造层序地层及沉积环境演化特征
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摘要
基于区域地质演化背景和实测剖面,湘西地区从南华系到白垩系可以划分出三大构造层序:(1)加里东构造层序(南华系—志留系),为近被动大陆边缘型构造层序,记录了泛大陆拉伸破裂、洋盆扩张、板块漂移、大陆碰撞拼合等全过程,反映了扬子板块东南缘的南华洋从扩张到收缩,以至最终闭合消亡的演化过程,构成一个完整的威尔逊旋回,它可细分为大陆拉张期碎屑岩阶段、被动大陆边缘扩张期碎屑岩阶段、成熟被动大陆边缘碳酸盐岩台地阶段、前陆盆地碎屑岩沉积阶段。(2)海西—印支构造层序(泥盆系—中侏罗统),为远被动大陆边缘型构造层序,记录了大洋扩张、板块碰撞拼合的过程,反映了扬子板块北缘勉略洋盆扩张、闭合及消亡的过程,构成另一个近乎完整的威尔逊旋回,它可细分为滨岸碎屑岩阶段、陆表海碳酸盐岩台地—台盆阶段、陆表海碳酸盐岩潮坪阶段和前陆盆地碎屑岩沉积阶段。(3)燕山构造层序(白垩系),为大陆内构造层序,记录了陆内断陷-坳陷盆地的形成、发展与消亡过程,反映了新特提斯洋洋壳扩张、收缩,以及古太平洋洋壳向扬子板块陆壳俯冲对接的陆内远程效应,组成一个不完整的威尔逊旋回,它可分为陆内拉张期碎屑岩沉积阶段、萎缩期碎屑岩沉积阶段。加里东构造层序中被动大陆边缘扩张期碎屑岩(上震旦统陡山沱组—下寒武统牛蹄塘组)、前陆盆地初始期海相碎屑岩(下志留统龙马溪组)具备页岩气富集的物质条件。
Based on the regional geological evolution and the measured profiles, three tectonic sequences can be recognized from Nanhua System(Nh, Cryogenian) to Cretaceous in Western Hu'nan. The Caledonian tectonic sequence(Nh-S) reflects the evolution of South China Ocean on the southeastern margin of Yangtze Plate including its expansion,contraction and closure, which formed a complete Wilson cycle. This tectonic sequence on the nearly passive continental margin can be subdivided into 4 stages such as the clastic stage in continental extension, the clastic stage in early passive continental margin, the carbonate platform stage in mature passive continental margin, and the clastic stage in foreland basin. The Hercynian-Indosinian tectonic sequence(D-J2) reflects the evolution of Mianlue Ocean on the northern margin of Yangtze Plate, including its expansion, closure and dying processes, which formed another nearly complete Wilson cycle. This tectonic sequence on the far passive continental margin can be subdivided into the littoral clastic stage, the epicontinental carbonate platform-basin stage, the epicontinental carbonate tidal flat stage, and the clastic stage in foreland basin. The Yanshanian tectonic sequence(J3-K) reflects the formation, development, and demise processes of faultdepression basin in the continent, which formed an incomplete Wilson cycle. This continental tectonic sequence can be subdivided into the clastic stage in intracontinental extension and the clastic stage in intracontinental closure. In the Caledonian tectonic sequence, the clastic rocks(Upper Sinian Doushantuo Fm. and Lower Cambrian Niutitang Fm.) in passive continental margin expansion period, and the clastic rocks(Lower Silurian Longmaxi Fm.) in the initial stage of foreland basin are the favorable strata for shale gas.
Based on the regional geological evolution and the measured profiles, three tectonic sequences can be recognized from Nanhua System(Nh, Cryogenian) to Cretaceous in Western Hu'nan. The Caledonian tectonic sequence(Nh-S) reflects the evolution of South China Ocean on the southeastern margin of Yangtze Plate including its expansion,contraction and closure, which formed a complete Wilson cycle. This tectonic sequence on the nearly passive continental margin can be subdivided into 4 stages such as the clastic stage in continental extension, the clastic stage in early passive continental margin, the carbonate platform stage in mature passive continental margin, and the clastic stage in foreland basin. The Hercynian-Indosinian tectonic sequence(D-J2) reflects the evolution of Mianlue Ocean on the northern margin of Yangtze Plate, including its expansion, closure and dying processes, which formed another nearly complete Wilson cycle. This tectonic sequence on the far passive continental margin can be subdivided into the littoral clastic stage, the epicontinental carbonate platform-basin stage, the epicontinental carbonate tidal flat stage, and the clastic stage in foreland basin. The Yanshanian tectonic sequence(J3-K) reflects the formation, development, and demise processes of faultdepression basin in the continent, which formed an incomplete Wilson cycle. This continental tectonic sequence can be subdivided into the clastic stage in intracontinental extension and the clastic stage in intracontinental closure. In the Caledonian tectonic sequence, the clastic rocks(Upper Sinian Doushantuo Fm. and Lower Cambrian Niutitang Fm.) in passive continental margin expansion period, and the clastic rocks(Lower Silurian Longmaxi Fm.) in the initial stage of foreland basin are the favorable strata for shale gas.
引文
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[2]邓红婴,周进高,赵宗举,等.中下扬子区震旦纪一中三叠世海相盆地类型及后期改造[J].海相油气地质,1999,4(3):38-45.
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[4]柏道远,熊雄,杨俊,等.齐岳山断裂东侧盆山过渡带褶皱特征及其变形机制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2015,39(6):1008-1018.
[5]吴健辉,侯作富,盛贤才,等.中扬子区南华纪以来的主要构造事件与沉积充填响应[J].石油天然气学报,2008,30(6):233-240.
[6]王剑,段太忠,谢渊,等.扬子地块东南缘大地构造演化及其油气地质意义[J].地质通报,2012,31(11):1739-1749.
[7]郭旭升,梅廉夫,汤济广,等.扬子地块中、新生代构造演化对海相油气成藏的制约[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(3):295-325.
[8]徐政语,林舸.中扬子地区显生宙构造演化及其对油气系统的影响[J].大地构造与成矿学,2001,25(1):1-8.
[9]刘云生,郭战峰,梁西文,等.中上扬子地区晚三叠世—侏罗纪砂岩构造意义及盆山耦合关系[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(3):201-205.
[10]陈洪德,侯明才,许效松,等.加里东期华南的盆地演化与层序格架[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2006,33(1):1-8.
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[12]李一凡,樊太亮,高志前,等.渝东南地区志留系黑色页岩层序地层研究[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(2):299-306.
[13]王同,杨克明,熊亮,等.川南地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩层序地层及其对储层的控制[J].石油学报,2015,36(8):915-924.
[14]丘元禧,张渝昌,马文璞.雪峰山陆内造山带的构造特征与演化[J].高校地质学报,1998,4(4):432-442.
[15]柏道远,钟响,贾朋远,等.雪峰造山带及邻区构造变形和构造演化研究新进展[J].华南地质与矿产,2015,31(4):321-341.
[16]刘宝珺,许效松,徐强.扬子东南大陆边缘晚元古代一早古生代层序地层和盆地动力演化[J].岩相古地理,1995,5(3):1-15.
[17]胡宗全.层序地层研究的新思路---构造-层序地层研究[J].现代地质,2004,18(4):549-554.
[18]林良彪,陈洪德,胡晓强,等.四川盆地上三叠统构造层序划分及盆地演化[J].地层学杂志,2007,31(4):415-422.
[19]陈洪德,张成弓,黄福喜,等.中上扬子克拉通海西-印支期(泥盆纪-中三叠世)沉积层序充填过程与演化模式[J].岩石学报,2011,27(8):2281-2297.
[20]何卫红,唐婷婷,乐明亮,等.华南南华纪-二叠纪沉积大地构造演化[J].地球科学中国地质大学学报,2014,39(8):929-948.
[21]郝杰,翟明国.罗迪尼亚超大陆与晋宁运动和震旦系[J].地质科学,2004,39(1):139-152.
[22]刘新民,付宜兴,郭战峰,等.中扬子区南华纪以来盆地演化与油气响应特征[J].石油实验地质,2009,31(2):160-165.
[23]王必金,包汉勇,郭战峰,等.湘鄂西区寒武系层序划分及其对油气勘探的意义[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(4):372-377.
[24]万天丰.中国大陆早古生代构造演化[J].地学前缘,2006,13(6):30-42.
[25]梅廉夫,邓大飞,沈传波,等.江南-雪峰隆起构造动力学与海相油气成藏演化[J].地质科技情报,2012,31(5):85-93.
[26]徐先兵,张岳桥,贾东,等.华南早中生代大地构造过程[J].中国地质,2009,36(3):573-588.
[27]邹才能,董大忠,王玉满,等.中国页岩气特征、挑战及前景(一)[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(6):689-700.
[28]李聪,陈世悦,张鹏飞,等.雪峰陆内多期复合造山带震旦-三叠纪沉积演化特征[J].中国地质,2011,38(1):43-50.
[29]陈世悦,李聪,张鹏飞,等.江南-雪峰地区加里东期和印支期不整合分布规律[J].中国地质,2011,38(5):1212-1219.
[30]舒良树,周新民,邓平,等.中国东南部中新生代盆地特征与构造演化[J].地质通报,2004,23(9/10):876-884.
[31]张进,马宗晋,杨健,等.雪峰山西麓中生代盆地属性及构造意义[J].地质学报,2010,84(5):631-648.
[32]周文,金文辉,谢润成,等.雪峰山西侧盆山过渡带油气成藏地质特征和破坏类型[J].地质通报,2012,31(11):1838-1851.
[33]张岳桥,董树文,李建华,等.华南中生代大地构造研究新进展[J].地球学报,2012,33(3):257-278.
[34]柏道远,姜文,钟响,等.湘西沅麻盆地中新生代构造变形特征及区域地质背景[J].中国地质,2015,42(6):1851-1872.
[35]张允平.东北亚地区晚侏罗-白垩纪构造格架主体特点[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2011,41(5):1269-1288.
[36]范小林.雪峰山系-沅麻盆地地质结构及找油意义[J].石油实验地质,1996,18(1):64-70.
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