北印度洋-南海季风区热带海洋极端波候变化特征
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摘要
利用1979—2016年ERA-Interim有效波高(SWH)和海表风场数据,分析了南海-北印度洋极端海浪场分布和变化.结果表明:南海-北印度洋极端SWH分布和极端风速分布形态以及年际变化趋势高度一致,说明了涌浪为主的北印度洋和风浪为主的南海一样,极端SWH都由局地的极端风速控制;强极端SWH主要分布在阿拉伯海以及南海北部,阿拉伯海北部增长与该区域气旋强度增强有着密切关系,而南海的极端SWH主要受东北季风控制;东非沿岸极端SWH线性增长趋势则与索马里急流的年代际尺度上有逐渐增强的线性趋势有关.北印度洋及南海海域极端SWH距平场的EOF分析结果表明,南海极端SWH与北印度洋表现出反相变化的特征.北印度洋(南海海域)极端SWH多出现在西南季风(东北季风)期间,因为在西南季风(东北季风)期间,极端风速也相对增强.
Using ERA-interim significant wave height( SWH) and sea surface wind field data from 1979 to 2016,the distribution and changes of extreme wave fields in the South China Sea-north Indian Ocean were analyzed. The results show that the extreme SWH distribution in the South China Sea-North Indian Ocean is highly consistent with extreme wind speed distribution patterns and inter-annual trends,reflecting the fact that extreme SWH is controlled by local extreme wind speeds in the north Indian Ocean and South China Sea. Strong extreme SWH occurs in the Arabian Sea and the northern part of the South China Sea.The growth of the northern Arabian Sea is closely related to the enhancement of cyclone intensity in the region.The extreme SWH in the South China Sea is mainly controlled by the northeast monsoon.The linear SWH growth trend in the east African coast is related to the increasing linear trend in the interdecadal scale of the Somali Jet.The EOF analysis of the extreme SWH anomalies in the north Indian Ocean and the South China Sea showed that the extreme SWH in the South China Sea and the north Indian Ocean showed reversed-phase changes.The extreme SWH in the north Indian Ocean( South China Sea) mostly occurs during the southwest monsoon( northeast monsoon) because extreme wind speeds also relatively increased during that period.
Using ERA-interim significant wave height( SWH) and sea surface wind field data from 1979 to 2016,the distribution and changes of extreme wave fields in the South China Sea-north Indian Ocean were analyzed. The results show that the extreme SWH distribution in the South China Sea-North Indian Ocean is highly consistent with extreme wind speed distribution patterns and inter-annual trends,reflecting the fact that extreme SWH is controlled by local extreme wind speeds in the north Indian Ocean and South China Sea. Strong extreme SWH occurs in the Arabian Sea and the northern part of the South China Sea.The growth of the northern Arabian Sea is closely related to the enhancement of cyclone intensity in the region.The extreme SWH in the South China Sea is mainly controlled by the northeast monsoon.The linear SWH growth trend in the east African coast is related to the increasing linear trend in the interdecadal scale of the Somali Jet.The EOF analysis of the extreme SWH anomalies in the north Indian Ocean and the South China Sea showed that the extreme SWH in the South China Sea and the north Indian Ocean showed reversed-phase changes.The extreme SWH in the north Indian Ocean( South China Sea) mostly occurs during the southwest monsoon( northeast monsoon) because extreme wind speeds also relatively increased during that period.
引文
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[17]代玮.索马里急流多时间尺度的变化特征及其对亚洲季风的影响[D].北京:中国气象科学研究院,2013DAI Wei.Multi-time scale variation characteristics of Somali Jet and its impact on the Asian monsoon[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,2013
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[19]李晓峰,郭品文,董丽娜,等.夏季索马里急流的建立及其影响机制[J].南京气象学院学报,2006,29(5):599-605LI Xiaofeng,GUO Pinwen,DONG Lina,et al.Onset process of summer Somali Jet and the possible influenced mechanism[J].Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology,2006,29(5):599-605
[20]李汀,琚建华.孟加拉湾西南季风与南海热带季风的气候特征比较[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(1):27-37LI Ting,JU Jianhua.Comparison of climate features between the southwest summer monsoon of the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea summer monsson[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(1):27-37
[21]郑崇伟,周林.近10年南海波候特征分析及波浪能研究[J].太阳能学报,2012,33(8):1349-1356ZHENG Chongwei,ZHOU Lin.Wave climate and wave energy analysis of the South China Sea in recent 10 years[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2012,33(8):1349-1356
[2]齐义泉,施平.采用卫星高度计资料分析南海风、浪的月平均特征[J].热带海洋,1999,18(2):90-96QI Yiquan,SHI Ping.Analysis on monthly average distribution characteristics of sea surface wind and wave in South China Sea using altimetric data[J].Tropic Oceannology,1999,18(2):90-96
[3]Allan J,Komar P.Are ocean wave heights increasing in the eastern North Pacific?[J].Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union,2013,81(47):561-567
[4]宗芳伊,吴克俭.基于近20年的SWAN模式海浪模拟结果的南海波浪能分布、变化研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2014(3):1-12ZONG Fangyi,WU Kejian.Research on distribution and variations of wave energy in South China Sea based on recent 20 years’wave simulation results using SWAN wave model[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2014(3):1-12
[5]梅勇,宋帅,周林.北印度洋-南海海域海浪场、风场的年际变化特征分析[J].海洋预报,2010,27(5):27-33MEI Yong,SONG Shuai,ZHOU Lin.Annual variation characteristics of wave fields and wind fields over the north Indian Ocean and South China Sea[J].Marine Forecasts,2010,27(5):27-33
[6]沈春,蒋国荣,施伟来,等.南海Quik SCAT海面风场变化特征分析[J].海洋预报,2012,29(3):1-8SHEN Chun,JIANG Guorong,SHI Weilai,et al.Characteristic analysis of the variability of Quik SCAT wind in the South China Sea[J].Marine Forecasts,2012,29(3):1-8
[7]郑崇伟,林刚,邵龙潭.1988—2010年中国海大浪频率及其长期变化趋势[J].厦门大学学报(自然版),2013,52(3):395-399ZHENG Chongwei,LIN Gang,SHAO Longtan.Frequency of rough sea and its long-term trend analysis in the China Sea from 1988 to 2010[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Nature Science),2013,52(3):395-399
[8]Vethamony P,Rao L V G,Kumar R,et al.Wave climatology of the Indian Ocean derived from altimetry and wave model[C]∥The Fifth Pacific Ocean Remote Sensing Conference,2000:301-304
[9]Sajiv P C,Chempalayil V S,Kumar V S,et al.Interannual and seasonal variations in nearshore wave characteristics off Honnavar,west coast of India[J].Current Science,2012,103(3):286-292
[10]Shanas P R,Kumar V S.Temporal variations in the wind and wave climate at a location in the eastern Arabian Sea based on ERA-Interim reanalysis data[J].Natural Hazards&Earth System Sciences,2014,14(5):7239-7269.
[11]Anoop T R,Kumar V S,Shanas P R,et al.Surface wave climatology and its variability in the north Indian Ocean based on ERA-Interim reanalysis[J].Journal of Atmospheric&Oceanic Technology,2015,32(7):1372-1385
[12]郑崇伟,李训强,潘静.1957—2002年南海-北印度洋海浪场波候特征分析[J].台湾海峡,2012,31(3):317-323ZHENG Chongwei,LI Xunqiang,PAN Jing.Wave climate analysis of the South China Sea and north Indian Ocean from 1957 to 2002[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2012,31(3):317-323
[13]Dee D P,Uppala S M,Simmons A J,et al.The ERA-Interim reanalysis:configuration and performance of the data assimilation system[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,2011,137(656):553-597
[14]Pearson K.On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space[J].The London,Edinburgh,and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science,1901,2(11):559-572
[15]Lorenz E N.Statistical forecasting program:empirical orthogonal functions and statistical weather prediction[R].Science Report,Department of Meteorology,MIT(NTIS AD 110268),1956
[16]郑崇伟,潘静,孙威,等.经略21世纪海上丝路之海洋环境特征系列研究[J].海洋开发与管理,2015,32(7):4-9ZHENG Chongwei,PAN Jing,SUN Wei,et al.Series study on marine environment characteristics of the Maritime Silk Road in 21st century[J].Ocean Development and Management,2015,32(7):4-9
[17]代玮.索马里急流多时间尺度的变化特征及其对亚洲季风的影响[D].北京:中国气象科学研究院,2013DAI Wei.Multi-time scale variation characteristics of Somali Jet and its impact on the Asian monsoon[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,2013
[18]王会军,薛峰.索马里急流的年际变化及其对半球间水汽输送和东亚夏季降水的影响[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):18-25WANG Huijun,XUE Feng.Interannual variability of Somali Jet and its influences on the inter-hemispheric water vapor transport and on the east Asian summer rainfall[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(1):18-25
[19]李晓峰,郭品文,董丽娜,等.夏季索马里急流的建立及其影响机制[J].南京气象学院学报,2006,29(5):599-605LI Xiaofeng,GUO Pinwen,DONG Lina,et al.Onset process of summer Somali Jet and the possible influenced mechanism[J].Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology,2006,29(5):599-605
[20]李汀,琚建华.孟加拉湾西南季风与南海热带季风的气候特征比较[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(1):27-37LI Ting,JU Jianhua.Comparison of climate features between the southwest summer monsoon of the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea summer monsson[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(1):27-37
[21]郑崇伟,周林.近10年南海波候特征分析及波浪能研究[J].太阳能学报,2012,33(8):1349-1356ZHENG Chongwei,ZHOU Lin.Wave climate and wave energy analysis of the South China Sea in recent 10 years[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2012,33(8):1349-1356