极性反转电压下硅橡胶电树枝起始的温度特性
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摘要
为探索高压直流(HVDC)电缆附件材料硅橡胶(SIR)在极性反转电压下电树枝起始的温度特性,在不同温度(30～120℃)下开展了极性反转电压工况的电树枝老化试验,并结合空间电荷测试分析了电树枝起始的温度特性。研究结果表明:极性反转电压下电树枝的起始存在明显的极性效应,预压负电压后更容易引发电树枝;在30、60、90、120℃温度下,起树电压分别为19.7、18.8、17.2、16.2kV,相比于30℃温度下的情况,120℃温度下的起树电压下降了17.8%。值得注意的是,随着温度的上升,击穿现象更为明显。分析认为,一方面随着温度的升高,预压电压时针尖处的同极性空间电荷积聚更为明显,而反转后这些电荷成为异极性电荷,增加了针尖处的电场强度;另一方面,温度使得硅橡胶材料分子的热运动增强,聚合物局部链段的松弛性降低,进而导致起树电压下降。极性反转电压和温度严重影响了硅橡胶的电树枝起始特性,需要在工程实际应用中加以重视。
In order to explore the temperature characteristics of electrical tree initiation in the silicone rubber(SIR) used for high voltage direct current(HVDC) cable accessories under polarity reversal voltage, we experimentally investigated the electrical tree aging under the polarity reversal voltage at different temperature(30 ℃ to 120 ℃). The temperature characteristic of electrical tree initiation was tested and analyzed with space charge theory. The results show that the electrical tree initiation has an obvious polarity effect under the polarity reversal voltage, the negative pre-voltage is more likely to trigger the electrical tree; at the temperatures of 30 ℃, 60 ℃, 90 ℃ and 120 ℃, the voltages to trigger the tree are 19.7kV, 18.8kV, 17.2kV and 16.2kV, respectively. Compared with the results of 30 ℃, the voltage to trigger the tree decreases by 17.8% at 120 ℃. It is worth noting that the breakdown becomes more obvious as the temperature rises. The analysis shows that, on the one hand, with the increase of temperature, the space charges with the same polarity accumulate more obviously at the needle tip under the pre-voltage, and these charges will become reversed polarity charges after polarity reversal of voltage, which increase the electric field at the tip; on the other hand, temperature increases the thermal motion of molecules in silicone rubber, and decreases the relaxation of local chains in the polymers, which leads to the decrease of the voltages to trigger the tree. Polarity reversal voltage and temperature seriously affect the electrical tree initiation of SIR, which need to be paid more attention in engineering application.
In order to explore the temperature characteristics of electrical tree initiation in the silicone rubber(SIR) used for high voltage direct current(HVDC) cable accessories under polarity reversal voltage, we experimentally investigated the electrical tree aging under the polarity reversal voltage at different temperature(30 ℃ to 120 ℃). The temperature characteristic of electrical tree initiation was tested and analyzed with space charge theory. The results show that the electrical tree initiation has an obvious polarity effect under the polarity reversal voltage, the negative pre-voltage is more likely to trigger the electrical tree; at the temperatures of 30 ℃, 60 ℃, 90 ℃ and 120 ℃, the voltages to trigger the tree are 19.7kV, 18.8kV, 17.2kV and 16.2kV, respectively. Compared with the results of 30 ℃, the voltage to trigger the tree decreases by 17.8% at 120 ℃. It is worth noting that the breakdown becomes more obvious as the temperature rises. The analysis shows that, on the one hand, with the increase of temperature, the space charges with the same polarity accumulate more obviously at the needle tip under the pre-voltage, and these charges will become reversed polarity charges after polarity reversal of voltage, which increase the electric field at the tip; on the other hand, temperature increases the thermal motion of molecules in silicone rubber, and decreases the relaxation of local chains in the polymers, which leads to the decrease of the voltages to trigger the tree. Polarity reversal voltage and temperature seriously affect the electrical tree initiation of SIR, which need to be paid more attention in engineering application.
引文
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[12]陈向荣,徐阳,王猛,等.高温下110 k V交联聚乙烯电缆电树枝生长及局部放电特性[J].高电压技术,2012,38(3):645-654.CHEN Xiangrong,XU Yang,WANG Meng,et al.Propagation and partical discharge characteristic of electrical trees in 110kV cable insulation at high temperature[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(3):645-654.
[13]LIU Y,CAO X.Electrical tree growth characteristics in XLPE cable insulation under DC voltage conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(6):3676-3684.
[14]ZHANG Y,ZHOU Y,CHEN M,et al.Electrical tree initiation in silicone rubber under DC and polarity reversal voltages[J].Journal of Electrostatics,2017,88(1):207-213.
[15]刘杰.极性反转电压下硅橡胶电树枝起始特性研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2018.LIU Jie.The study of initial characteristics of electrical tree in silicone rubber under polarity reversal voltage[D].Zhengzhou,China:Zhengzhou University,2018.
[16]吕亮,方亮,王霞,等.硅橡胶中空间电荷的形成机理[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(7):139-144.LüLiang,FNAG Liang,WANG Xia,et al.Formation mechanism of space charge in silicone rubber[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(7):139-144.
[17]SHIMIZU N,LAURENT C.Electrical tree initiation[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1998,5(5):651-659.
[18]廖瑞金,郑升讯,杨丽君,等.不同温度下XLPE电缆中电树枝的生长特性[J].高电压技术,2010,36(10):2398-2404.LIAO Ruijin,ZHENG Shengxun,YANG Lijun,et al.Growth characteristics of electrical tree in XLPE cable under different temperatures[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(10):2398-2404.
[19]KITANI I,ARII K.Impulse tree and discharge light in pmma subjected to nanosecond pulses[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1984,19(4):281-287.
[20]WANG Y,LI G,WU J,et al.Effect of temperature on space charge detrapping and periodic grounded DC tree in cross-linked polyethylene[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2016,23(6):3704-3711.
[21]王永红,魏新劳,陈庆国.极性反转电压下油纸复合绝缘的特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(19):161-168.WANG Yonghong,WEI Xinlao,CHEN Qingguo,et al.Characteristics of oil-pressboard insulation under polarity reversal voltage[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(19):161-168.
[22]陈曦,王霞,王增彬,等.温度梯度对直流电压极性反转过程中瞬态电场的影响[J].高电压技术,2010,36(5):1222-1227.CHEN Xi,WANG Xia,WANG Zengbin,et al.Effects of temperature gradient on transient electric field under DC voltage reversal[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(5):1222-1227.
[23]ZHENG X,CHEN G.Propagation mechanism of electrical tree in XLPEcable insulation by investigating a double electrical tree structure[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(3):800-807.
[2]TANG C,CHEN G,FU M,et al.Space charge behavior in multi-layer oil-paper insulation under different DC voltages and temperatures[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(3):775-784.
[3]FU M,DISSADO L A,CHEN G,et al.Space charge formation and its modified electric field under applied voltage reversal and temperature gradient in XLPE cable[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(3):851-860.
[4]DU B X,SU J G,HAN T.Temperature-dependent electrical tree in silicone rubber under repetitive pulse voltage[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2017,24(4):2291-2298.
[5]陈铮铮,赵健康,欧阳本红,等.直流电缆料工作温度和击穿特性的纳米改性研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(4):1214-1227.CHEN Zhengzheng,ZHAO Jiankang,OUYANG Benhong,et al.Study on the nanoparticle-modification of working temperature and breakdown characteristics for insulating materials in DC cables[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(4):1214-1227.
[6]刘云鹏,刘贺晨,杨照光,等.直流预压对XLPE中直流接地电树枝引发特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2017,43(2):666-672.LIU Yunpeng,LIU Hechen,YANG Zhaoguang,et al.Effect of DCpre-stress on the initiation characteristics of grounded DC tree in XLPE[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(2):666-672.
[7]周远翔,侯非,聂琼,等.温度对硅橡胶电树枝老化特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2012,38(10):2640-2646.ZHOU Yuanxiang,HOU Fei,NIE Qiong,et al.Temperature effects on electrical tree aging characteristics of silicone ruber[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(10):2640-2646.
[8]ZHOU Y,ZHANG Y,ZHANG L,et al.Electrical tree initiation of silicone rubber after thermal aging[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2016,23(2):748-756.
[9]DU B X,HAN T,SU J G.Electrical tree characteristics in silicone rubber under repetitive pulse voltage[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(2):720-727.
[10]LIU Y,CAO X.Electrical tree initiation in XLPE cable insulation by application of DC and impulse voltage[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2013,20(5):1691-1698.
[11]周远翔,刘睿,张云霄,等.硅橡胶电树枝老化显微图像与局部放电特性对应关系[J].高电压技术,2015,41(1):132-139.ZHOU Yuanxiang,LIU Rui,ZHANG Yunxiao,et al.Corresponding relation between aging micrographs and partial discharge properties of electrical trees in silicone rubber[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(1):132-139.
[12]陈向荣,徐阳,王猛,等.高温下110 k V交联聚乙烯电缆电树枝生长及局部放电特性[J].高电压技术,2012,38(3):645-654.CHEN Xiangrong,XU Yang,WANG Meng,et al.Propagation and partical discharge characteristic of electrical trees in 110kV cable insulation at high temperature[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(3):645-654.
[13]LIU Y,CAO X.Electrical tree growth characteristics in XLPE cable insulation under DC voltage conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(6):3676-3684.
[14]ZHANG Y,ZHOU Y,CHEN M,et al.Electrical tree initiation in silicone rubber under DC and polarity reversal voltages[J].Journal of Electrostatics,2017,88(1):207-213.
[15]刘杰.极性反转电压下硅橡胶电树枝起始特性研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2018.LIU Jie.The study of initial characteristics of electrical tree in silicone rubber under polarity reversal voltage[D].Zhengzhou,China:Zhengzhou University,2018.
[16]吕亮,方亮,王霞,等.硅橡胶中空间电荷的形成机理[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(7):139-144.LüLiang,FNAG Liang,WANG Xia,et al.Formation mechanism of space charge in silicone rubber[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(7):139-144.
[17]SHIMIZU N,LAURENT C.Electrical tree initiation[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1998,5(5):651-659.
[18]廖瑞金,郑升讯,杨丽君,等.不同温度下XLPE电缆中电树枝的生长特性[J].高电压技术,2010,36(10):2398-2404.LIAO Ruijin,ZHENG Shengxun,YANG Lijun,et al.Growth characteristics of electrical tree in XLPE cable under different temperatures[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(10):2398-2404.
[19]KITANI I,ARII K.Impulse tree and discharge light in pmma subjected to nanosecond pulses[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1984,19(4):281-287.
[20]WANG Y,LI G,WU J,et al.Effect of temperature on space charge detrapping and periodic grounded DC tree in cross-linked polyethylene[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2016,23(6):3704-3711.
[21]王永红,魏新劳,陈庆国.极性反转电压下油纸复合绝缘的特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(19):161-168.WANG Yonghong,WEI Xinlao,CHEN Qingguo,et al.Characteristics of oil-pressboard insulation under polarity reversal voltage[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(19):161-168.
[22]陈曦,王霞,王增彬,等.温度梯度对直流电压极性反转过程中瞬态电场的影响[J].高电压技术,2010,36(5):1222-1227.CHEN Xi,WANG Xia,WANG Zengbin,et al.Effects of temperature gradient on transient electric field under DC voltage reversal[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(5):1222-1227.
[23]ZHENG X,CHEN G.Propagation mechanism of electrical tree in XLPEcable insulation by investigating a double electrical tree structure[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(3):800-807.