潮滩减少对杭州湾悬沙特征的影响
|
摘要
1974至2020年间,杭州湾沿岸潮滩累计减少面积将达1 290 km2,占杭州湾水域面积的25.8%.基于FVCOM水动力数值模型,耦合水沙密度,引入悬浮泥沙对底边界层的影响,并考虑细颗粒泥沙絮凝过程,建立河口三维细颗粒泥沙数值模型,提高了高悬沙浓度河口悬沙数值模拟的准确性.实测及卫星反演数据验证结果显示,该模型能较好地模拟杭州湾水沙运动.基于所建模型,采用不同时期的杭州湾潮滩数据,研究潮滩面积减小对悬沙浓度、悬沙通量及冲淤分布的影响机理.结果显示:潮滩减少过程中湾内流速及底床切应力发生变化,进而影响湾内悬沙浓度.杭州湾潮滩减少导致乍浦以西水域流速降低,月均悬沙浓度最大减幅高达30%.乍浦以东水域流速增大,月均悬沙浓度升高约15%.潮滩减少主要通过影响潮泵效应,进而改变湾内悬沙输运特征,平流输沙项在潮滩减少过程中对杭州湾悬沙特征的影响较小.1974至2003年间,杭州湾潮滩面积减少约787 km2,澉浦断面潮泵效应增强,陆向悬沙净通量增大,金山、芦潮港断面陆向悬沙净通量减小,杭州湾淤积量减少.2003至2020年间潮滩面积减少约503 km2,金山、芦潮港断面潮泵效应增强,陆向悬沙净通量增加,而澉浦断面由于潮泵效应减弱导致悬沙净通量减小.杭州湾内湾淤积量不断增大,外湾冲刷量逐渐增大.研究结果可为河口海岸规划和环境管理提供科学依据.
The area of the tidal flat in Hangzhou Bay(HZB)was reduced by 1 290 km2 between 1974 and 2020,which covered 25.8% of the total area of HZB. For the present study,a model of the fine sediments of Hangzhou Bay was coupled with the finite volume coastal ocean model(FVCOM)to study the multi-decadal changes in the suspended sediment dynamics and erosion/deposition pattern in the bay due to tidal flat reduction. The model considered the coupling of suspended sediment concentrations(SSC)with water density,and also accounted for the effects of a sediment-induced bottom boundary layer and flocculation processes. The modeled tidal level,currents and SSC agreed well with observations and remote sensing data. According to model results,from 1974 to 2020,the monthly-averaged SSC decreased by 30% at a location upstream of Zhapu due to the reduced current and bed shear stress. Conversely,the monthly-averaged SSC increased by 15% at a location downstream of Zhapu due to increased current and bed shear stress. Our findings indicate that the tidal pumping effect plays a major role in changing the net sediment transport,while sediment advection has a minor influence,when the tidal flat is reduced. The area of the tidal flat was reduced by 787 km2 from 1974 to 2003. The reduction in the tidal flat amplified the net sediment flux at the Ganpu cross-section,while dampening that at the Jinshan and Luchaogang cross-sections,by changing the tidal pumping effect. The sediment deposition subsequently decreased in the bay. The reduction in the tidal flat area was modelpredicted to be about 503 km2 from 2003 to 2020. The net sediment flux showed the opposite change,compared with that of 1974 to 2003. Sediment deposition/erosion increased in the inner/outer bay. Our results will contribute to the planning and rational utilization of tidal flats in similar estuaries.
The area of the tidal flat in Hangzhou Bay(HZB)was reduced by 1 290 km2 between 1974 and 2020,which covered 25.8% of the total area of HZB. For the present study,a model of the fine sediments of Hangzhou Bay was coupled with the finite volume coastal ocean model(FVCOM)to study the multi-decadal changes in the suspended sediment dynamics and erosion/deposition pattern in the bay due to tidal flat reduction. The model considered the coupling of suspended sediment concentrations(SSC)with water density,and also accounted for the effects of a sediment-induced bottom boundary layer and flocculation processes. The modeled tidal level,currents and SSC agreed well with observations and remote sensing data. According to model results,from 1974 to 2020,the monthly-averaged SSC decreased by 30% at a location upstream of Zhapu due to the reduced current and bed shear stress. Conversely,the monthly-averaged SSC increased by 15% at a location downstream of Zhapu due to increased current and bed shear stress. Our findings indicate that the tidal pumping effect plays a major role in changing the net sediment transport,while sediment advection has a minor influence,when the tidal flat is reduced. The area of the tidal flat was reduced by 787 km2 from 1974 to 2003. The reduction in the tidal flat amplified the net sediment flux at the Ganpu cross-section,while dampening that at the Jinshan and Luchaogang cross-sections,by changing the tidal pumping effect. The sediment deposition subsequently decreased in the bay. The reduction in the tidal flat area was modelpredicted to be about 503 km2 from 2003 to 2020. The net sediment flux showed the opposite change,compared with that of 1974 to 2003. Sediment deposition/erosion increased in the inner/outer bay. Our results will contribute to the planning and rational utilization of tidal flats in similar estuaries.
引文
[1]Li L,Wang X H,Andutt F,et al.Effects of mangroves and tidal flats on suspended-sediment dynamics:Observational and numerical study of Darwin Harbour,Australia[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,2014,119(9):5854-5873.
[2]Li L,Guan W B,He Z G,et al.Responses of water environment to tidal flat reduction in Xiangshan Bay:PartⅡ.Locally resuspended sediment dynamics[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2017,198:114-127.
[3]穆锦斌,黄世昌,娄海峰.河口大规模围海工程对周边水动力环境的影响[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2013,45(1):61-66.Mu Jinbin,Huang Shichang,Lou Haifeng.Study on hydro-dynamic environment of the large-scale reclamation projects at the estuary[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2013,45(1):61-66(in Chinese).
[4]Gao G D,Wang X H,Bao X W,et al.The impacts of land reclamation on suspended-sediment dynamics in Jiaozhou Bay,Qingdao,China[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2018,206:61-75.
[5]Li M G.The effect of reclamation in areas between islands in a complex tidal estuary on the hydrodynamic sediment environment[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2010,22(3):338-350.
[6]Xie D F,Wang Z B,Gao S,et al.Modeling the tidal channel morphodynamics in a macro-tidal embayment,Hangzhou Bay,China[J].Continental Shelf Research,2009,29(15):1757-1767.
[7]陈沈良,谷国传.杭州湾口悬沙浓度变化与模拟[J].泥沙研究,2000(5):45-50.Chen Shenliang,Gu Guochuan.Modeling suspended sediment concentration in the mouth of Hangzhou Bay[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2000(5):45-50(in Chinese).
[8]刘猛,沈芳,葛建忠,等.静止轨道卫星观测杭州湾悬浮泥沙浓度的动态变化及动力分析[J].泥沙研究,2013(1):7-13.Liu Meng,Shen Fang,Ge Jianzhong,et al.Diurnal variation of suspended sediment concentration in Hangzhou Bay from geostationary satellite observation and its hydrodynamic analysis[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2013(1):7-13(in Chinese).
[9]Du P J,Ding P X,Hu K L.Simulation of threedimensional cohesive sediment transport in Hangzhou Bay,China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2010,29(2):98-106.
[10]宋泽坤,张俊彪,施伟勇,等.杭州湾口门中部水沙输运机制初探--以岱衢洋为例[J].海洋通报,2015,34(3):267-274.Song Zekun,Zhang Junbiao,Shi Weiyong,et al.Mechanism of water and suspended sediment transport in the middle outlet of the Hangzhou Bay:A case study of Daiquyang Sea[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2015,34(3):267-274(in Chinese).
[11]Xie D F,Gao S,Wang Z B,et al.Numerical modeling of tidal currents,sediment transport and morphological evolution in Hangzhou Bay,China[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2013,28(3):316-328.
[12]冯永玖,袁佳宇,宋丽君,等.杭州湾海岸线信息的遥感提取及其变迁分析[J].遥感技术与应用,2015(2):345-352.Feng Yongjiu,Yuan Jiayu,Song Lijun,et al.Coastline mapping and change detection along Hangzhou Bay using remotely sensed imagery[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2015(2):345-352(in Chinese).
[13]花一明.杭州湾滩涂围垦及利用动态遥感监测研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.Hua Yiming.Study on the Expansion of Reclamation and Land Use Changes in Hangzhou Bay[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2016(in Chinese).
[14]鲁友鹏,梁书秀,孙昭晨,等.杭州湾南岸岸线变化对水动力的影响累积效应[J].海洋环境科学,2015,34(3):384-390.Lu Youpeng,Liang Shuxiu,Sun Zhaochen,et al.Cumulative effects of topography change on waterway’s hydrodynamic along the southern coast of Hangzhou Bay[J].Marine Environmental Science,2015,34(3):384-390(in Chinese).
[15]Li L,Ye T Y,Wang X H,et al.Changes in the Hydrodynamics of Hangzhou Bay due to Land Reclamation in the Past 60 Years[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,2018.
[16]Xie D F,Pan C H,Wu X G,et al.Local human activities overwhelm decreased sediment supply from the Changjiang River:Continued rapid accumulation in the Hangzhou Bay-Qiantang Estuary system[J].Marine Geology,2017,392:66-77.
[17]Chen C S,Liu H D,Beardsley R C.An unstructured grid,finite-volume,three-dimensional,primitive equations ocean model:Application to coastal ocean and estuaries[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2003,20(1):159-186.
[18]Van Prooijen B C,Winterwerp J C.A stochastic formulation for erosion of cohesive sediments[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2010,115(C1):1-15.
[19]Winterwerp J C.Stratification effects by cohesive and noncohesive sediment[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,2001,106(C10):22559-22574.
[20]Wang X H.Tide-induced sediment resuspension and the bottom boundary layer in an idealized estuary with a muddy bed[J].Journal of Physical Oceanography,2002,32:3113-3130.
[21]胡日军.舟山群岛海域泥沙运移及动力机制分析[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.Hu Rijun.Sediment Transport and Dynamic Mechanism in the Zhoushan Archipelago Sea Area[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2009(in Chinese).
[22]潘存鸿,曾剑,唐子文,等.钱塘江河口泥沙特性及河床冲淤研究[J].水利水运工程学报,2013(1):1-7.Pan Cunhong,Zeng Jian,Tang Ziwen,et al.A study of sediment characteristics and riverbed erosion/deposition in Qiantang estuary[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2013(1):1-7(in Chinese).
[23]唐建华.长江口及其邻近海域黏性细颗粒泥沙絮凝特性研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2007.Tang Jianhua.Characteristics of Fine Cohesive Sediment’s Flocculation in the Changjiang Estuary and Its Adjacent Sea Area[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2007(in Chinese).
[24]Song D H,Wang X H.Suspended sediment transport in the Deepwater Navigation Channel,Yangtze River Estuary,China,in the dry season 2009.2.Numerical simulations[J].Journal of Geophysical ResearchOceans,2013,118(10):5568-5590.
[25]Shi J Z.Tidal resuspension and transport processes of fine sediment within the river plume in the partiallymixed Changjiang River estuary,China:A personal perspective[J].Geomorphology,2010,121(3):133-151.
[26]曹祖德,王运洪.水动力泥沙数值模拟[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1994.Cao Zude,Wang Yunhong.Numerical Modeling of Hydrodynamics and Sediment[M].Tianjin:Tianjin University Press,1994(in Chinese).
[27]吉顺莉.长江口南汇边滩泥沙特性实验研究[D].南京:河海大学,2007.Ji Shunli.Experimental Research on Characteristics of Fine Sediment in Nanhui Marginal Bank of Yangtze River Estuary[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2007(in Chinese).
[28]Wang D S,Zhang J C,He X Q,et al.Parameter estimation for a cohesive sediment transport model by assimilating satellite observations in the Hangzhou Bay:Temporal variations and spatial distributions[J].Ocean Modelling,2018,121:34-48.
[29]孙伟富,马毅,张杰,等.不同类型海岸线遥感解译标志建立和提取方法研究[J].测绘通报,2011(3):41-44.Sun Weifu,Ma Yi,Zhang Jie,et al.Study of remote sensing interpretation keys and extraction technique of different types of shoreline[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2011(3):41-44(in Chinese).
[30]张祥国,张忍顺,王艳红,等.基于RS的淤泥质海岸滩涂淤长速度分析--以江苏赣榆县宋庄岸段为例[J].国土资源遥感,2005(4):69-73.Zhang Xiangguo,Zhang Renshun,Wang Yanhong,et al.A prograding rate analysis of mud flat sea coast based on remote sensing:A case study of Songzhuang sea coast in Ganyu County,Jiangsu Province[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,2005(4):69-73(in Chinese).
[31]严海兵,李秉柏,陈敏东.遥感技术提取海岸线的研究进展[J].地域研究与开发,2009(1):101-105.Yan Haibing,Li Bingbai,Chen Mindong.Progress of researcher in coastline extraction based on RS technique[J].Areal Research and Development,2009(1):101-105(in Chinese).
[32]Murphy A H.Climatology,persistence,and their linear combination as standards of reference in skill scores[J].Weather&Forecasting,1992,4(7):692-698.
[33]Zhu L,He Q,Shen J,et al.The influence of human activities on morphodynamics and alteration of sediment source and sink in the Changjiang Estuary[J].Geomorphology,2016,273:52-62.
[34]He X,Bai Y,Pan D,et al.Using geostationary satellite ocean color data to map the diurnal dynamics of suspended particulate matter in coastal waters[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2013,133(12):225-239.
[35]Dyer K R.Estuaries:A Physical Introduction[M].United Kingdom:University of Plymouth,1997.
[36]冯凌旋,李占海,李九发,等.基于机制分解法长江口南汇潮滩悬移质泥沙通量研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011(8):944-950.Feng Lingxuan,Li Zhanhai,Li Jiufa,et al.Fluxes of suspended sediment in the Nanhui tidal flat of the Yangtze Estuary with mechanism decomposition method[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2011(8):944-950(in Chinese).
[37]宋永港,卢永金,刘新成.黄浦江河口水沙输运机制研究[J].华东师范大学学报:自然科学版,2016(3):136-145.Song Yonggang,Lu Yongjin,Liu Xincheng.Water and sediment transport mechanism in the Huangpu River Esturay,Shanghai[J].Journal of East China Normal University:Natural Science,2016(3):136-145(in Chinese).
[38]李孟国.海岸河口泥沙数学模型研究进展[J].海洋工程,2006(1):139-154.Li Mengguo.A review on mathematical models of sediment in coastal and estuarine waters[J].The Ocean Engineering,2006(1):139-154(in Chinese).
[2]Li L,Guan W B,He Z G,et al.Responses of water environment to tidal flat reduction in Xiangshan Bay:PartⅡ.Locally resuspended sediment dynamics[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2017,198:114-127.
[3]穆锦斌,黄世昌,娄海峰.河口大规模围海工程对周边水动力环境的影响[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2013,45(1):61-66.Mu Jinbin,Huang Shichang,Lou Haifeng.Study on hydro-dynamic environment of the large-scale reclamation projects at the estuary[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2013,45(1):61-66(in Chinese).
[4]Gao G D,Wang X H,Bao X W,et al.The impacts of land reclamation on suspended-sediment dynamics in Jiaozhou Bay,Qingdao,China[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2018,206:61-75.
[5]Li M G.The effect of reclamation in areas between islands in a complex tidal estuary on the hydrodynamic sediment environment[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2010,22(3):338-350.
[6]Xie D F,Wang Z B,Gao S,et al.Modeling the tidal channel morphodynamics in a macro-tidal embayment,Hangzhou Bay,China[J].Continental Shelf Research,2009,29(15):1757-1767.
[7]陈沈良,谷国传.杭州湾口悬沙浓度变化与模拟[J].泥沙研究,2000(5):45-50.Chen Shenliang,Gu Guochuan.Modeling suspended sediment concentration in the mouth of Hangzhou Bay[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2000(5):45-50(in Chinese).
[8]刘猛,沈芳,葛建忠,等.静止轨道卫星观测杭州湾悬浮泥沙浓度的动态变化及动力分析[J].泥沙研究,2013(1):7-13.Liu Meng,Shen Fang,Ge Jianzhong,et al.Diurnal variation of suspended sediment concentration in Hangzhou Bay from geostationary satellite observation and its hydrodynamic analysis[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2013(1):7-13(in Chinese).
[9]Du P J,Ding P X,Hu K L.Simulation of threedimensional cohesive sediment transport in Hangzhou Bay,China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2010,29(2):98-106.
[10]宋泽坤,张俊彪,施伟勇,等.杭州湾口门中部水沙输运机制初探--以岱衢洋为例[J].海洋通报,2015,34(3):267-274.Song Zekun,Zhang Junbiao,Shi Weiyong,et al.Mechanism of water and suspended sediment transport in the middle outlet of the Hangzhou Bay:A case study of Daiquyang Sea[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2015,34(3):267-274(in Chinese).
[11]Xie D F,Gao S,Wang Z B,et al.Numerical modeling of tidal currents,sediment transport and morphological evolution in Hangzhou Bay,China[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2013,28(3):316-328.
[12]冯永玖,袁佳宇,宋丽君,等.杭州湾海岸线信息的遥感提取及其变迁分析[J].遥感技术与应用,2015(2):345-352.Feng Yongjiu,Yuan Jiayu,Song Lijun,et al.Coastline mapping and change detection along Hangzhou Bay using remotely sensed imagery[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2015(2):345-352(in Chinese).
[13]花一明.杭州湾滩涂围垦及利用动态遥感监测研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.Hua Yiming.Study on the Expansion of Reclamation and Land Use Changes in Hangzhou Bay[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2016(in Chinese).
[14]鲁友鹏,梁书秀,孙昭晨,等.杭州湾南岸岸线变化对水动力的影响累积效应[J].海洋环境科学,2015,34(3):384-390.Lu Youpeng,Liang Shuxiu,Sun Zhaochen,et al.Cumulative effects of topography change on waterway’s hydrodynamic along the southern coast of Hangzhou Bay[J].Marine Environmental Science,2015,34(3):384-390(in Chinese).
[15]Li L,Ye T Y,Wang X H,et al.Changes in the Hydrodynamics of Hangzhou Bay due to Land Reclamation in the Past 60 Years[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,2018.
[16]Xie D F,Pan C H,Wu X G,et al.Local human activities overwhelm decreased sediment supply from the Changjiang River:Continued rapid accumulation in the Hangzhou Bay-Qiantang Estuary system[J].Marine Geology,2017,392:66-77.
[17]Chen C S,Liu H D,Beardsley R C.An unstructured grid,finite-volume,three-dimensional,primitive equations ocean model:Application to coastal ocean and estuaries[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2003,20(1):159-186.
[18]Van Prooijen B C,Winterwerp J C.A stochastic formulation for erosion of cohesive sediments[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2010,115(C1):1-15.
[19]Winterwerp J C.Stratification effects by cohesive and noncohesive sediment[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,2001,106(C10):22559-22574.
[20]Wang X H.Tide-induced sediment resuspension and the bottom boundary layer in an idealized estuary with a muddy bed[J].Journal of Physical Oceanography,2002,32:3113-3130.
[21]胡日军.舟山群岛海域泥沙运移及动力机制分析[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.Hu Rijun.Sediment Transport and Dynamic Mechanism in the Zhoushan Archipelago Sea Area[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2009(in Chinese).
[22]潘存鸿,曾剑,唐子文,等.钱塘江河口泥沙特性及河床冲淤研究[J].水利水运工程学报,2013(1):1-7.Pan Cunhong,Zeng Jian,Tang Ziwen,et al.A study of sediment characteristics and riverbed erosion/deposition in Qiantang estuary[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2013(1):1-7(in Chinese).
[23]唐建华.长江口及其邻近海域黏性细颗粒泥沙絮凝特性研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2007.Tang Jianhua.Characteristics of Fine Cohesive Sediment’s Flocculation in the Changjiang Estuary and Its Adjacent Sea Area[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2007(in Chinese).
[24]Song D H,Wang X H.Suspended sediment transport in the Deepwater Navigation Channel,Yangtze River Estuary,China,in the dry season 2009.2.Numerical simulations[J].Journal of Geophysical ResearchOceans,2013,118(10):5568-5590.
[25]Shi J Z.Tidal resuspension and transport processes of fine sediment within the river plume in the partiallymixed Changjiang River estuary,China:A personal perspective[J].Geomorphology,2010,121(3):133-151.
[26]曹祖德,王运洪.水动力泥沙数值模拟[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1994.Cao Zude,Wang Yunhong.Numerical Modeling of Hydrodynamics and Sediment[M].Tianjin:Tianjin University Press,1994(in Chinese).
[27]吉顺莉.长江口南汇边滩泥沙特性实验研究[D].南京:河海大学,2007.Ji Shunli.Experimental Research on Characteristics of Fine Sediment in Nanhui Marginal Bank of Yangtze River Estuary[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2007(in Chinese).
[28]Wang D S,Zhang J C,He X Q,et al.Parameter estimation for a cohesive sediment transport model by assimilating satellite observations in the Hangzhou Bay:Temporal variations and spatial distributions[J].Ocean Modelling,2018,121:34-48.
[29]孙伟富,马毅,张杰,等.不同类型海岸线遥感解译标志建立和提取方法研究[J].测绘通报,2011(3):41-44.Sun Weifu,Ma Yi,Zhang Jie,et al.Study of remote sensing interpretation keys and extraction technique of different types of shoreline[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2011(3):41-44(in Chinese).
[30]张祥国,张忍顺,王艳红,等.基于RS的淤泥质海岸滩涂淤长速度分析--以江苏赣榆县宋庄岸段为例[J].国土资源遥感,2005(4):69-73.Zhang Xiangguo,Zhang Renshun,Wang Yanhong,et al.A prograding rate analysis of mud flat sea coast based on remote sensing:A case study of Songzhuang sea coast in Ganyu County,Jiangsu Province[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,2005(4):69-73(in Chinese).
[31]严海兵,李秉柏,陈敏东.遥感技术提取海岸线的研究进展[J].地域研究与开发,2009(1):101-105.Yan Haibing,Li Bingbai,Chen Mindong.Progress of researcher in coastline extraction based on RS technique[J].Areal Research and Development,2009(1):101-105(in Chinese).
[32]Murphy A H.Climatology,persistence,and their linear combination as standards of reference in skill scores[J].Weather&Forecasting,1992,4(7):692-698.
[33]Zhu L,He Q,Shen J,et al.The influence of human activities on morphodynamics and alteration of sediment source and sink in the Changjiang Estuary[J].Geomorphology,2016,273:52-62.
[34]He X,Bai Y,Pan D,et al.Using geostationary satellite ocean color data to map the diurnal dynamics of suspended particulate matter in coastal waters[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2013,133(12):225-239.
[35]Dyer K R.Estuaries:A Physical Introduction[M].United Kingdom:University of Plymouth,1997.
[36]冯凌旋,李占海,李九发,等.基于机制分解法长江口南汇潮滩悬移质泥沙通量研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011(8):944-950.Feng Lingxuan,Li Zhanhai,Li Jiufa,et al.Fluxes of suspended sediment in the Nanhui tidal flat of the Yangtze Estuary with mechanism decomposition method[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2011(8):944-950(in Chinese).
[37]宋永港,卢永金,刘新成.黄浦江河口水沙输运机制研究[J].华东师范大学学报:自然科学版,2016(3):136-145.Song Yonggang,Lu Yongjin,Liu Xincheng.Water and sediment transport mechanism in the Huangpu River Esturay,Shanghai[J].Journal of East China Normal University:Natural Science,2016(3):136-145(in Chinese).
[38]李孟国.海岸河口泥沙数学模型研究进展[J].海洋工程,2006(1):139-154.Li Mengguo.A review on mathematical models of sediment in coastal and estuarine waters[J].The Ocean Engineering,2006(1):139-154(in Chinese).