河流沉积相类型及相模式
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摘要
对河流类型进行沉积学分析,将河道体系分为单河道和多河道(或复合河道)体系,顺直河、曲流河和辫状河为单河道体系,而网状河和其他分支河归于多河道体系,单河道一般由细粒漫岸沉积所限定。在曲流河沉积相中,河道内除了河道深泓充填沉积和厚的点坝外,还可能出现反向点坝。在一个向上变细的曲流河层序中,主要由河槽充填沉积、沙坝沉积复合体和上部的漫岸细粒沉积组成。辫状河砂体结构非常复杂,各种大型底形纵横分布,河道内的砂体至少可以划分为河心坝和河心滩2个砂体微相和多个非骨架相。网状河可以由辫状河、曲流河和顺直河等交织在一起组成,或者说组成网状河的单河道可以是底负载河道、混合负载河道和悬移负载河道。末端扇、曲流河扇、辫状河扇乃至某些陆上三角洲体系等都可以纳入分支河体系,实际上在这种分支河体系中,河道性质也发生了变化,河道类型已经由限定性河道转化为非限定性河道。可见分支河这个概念太笼统太宽泛,跨越了不同的体系界限。由于不同河道砂体差别较大,河流沉积微相的精确表征还有较大的局限性。
The paper carries out the sedimentological analysis on fluvial styles and divides the channel system into single channel and multiple channel(or composite channel)systems.Straight channel,meandering channel and braided channel belong to single channel system,while anastomosed channel and other distributive fluvial systems belong to multiple channel system.Thick point bar,channel thalweg-filling sediment and counter point bar are the parts of meandering fluvial facies.An upward-finning meandering channel sequence is mainly composed of several microfacies such as thalweg deposit,sand bar complexes and over-bank fines.The architecture of a braided channel sandbody is very complex,and various large scale bedforms are distributed crisscrossly,the sandbodies in the channel can be divided into mid-channel sand bar,mid-channel sand sheet and several non-framework microfacies.The anastomosed river may be composed of braided river,meandering river and straight river,in another word,the single channel of anastomosed river can be divided into bedload channel,mixed-load channel and suspended-load channel.Terminal fan,meandering river fan,braided river fan and even some subaerial delta systems can be summarized into the distributive fluvial system.In fact,in the distributive fluvial system,the nature of the river has changed and the channel has been transformed from a confined channel to an unconfined channel.The concept of the distributive fluvial system is too general and broad,across the boundaries of different systems.There are many limitations in precise characterization of fluvial microfacies due to the great differences among different fluvial sand bodies.
The paper carries out the sedimentological analysis on fluvial styles and divides the channel system into single channel and multiple channel(or composite channel)systems.Straight channel,meandering channel and braided channel belong to single channel system,while anastomosed channel and other distributive fluvial systems belong to multiple channel system.Thick point bar,channel thalweg-filling sediment and counter point bar are the parts of meandering fluvial facies.An upward-finning meandering channel sequence is mainly composed of several microfacies such as thalweg deposit,sand bar complexes and over-bank fines.The architecture of a braided channel sandbody is very complex,and various large scale bedforms are distributed crisscrossly,the sandbodies in the channel can be divided into mid-channel sand bar,mid-channel sand sheet and several non-framework microfacies.The anastomosed river may be composed of braided river,meandering river and straight river,in another word,the single channel of anastomosed river can be divided into bedload channel,mixed-load channel and suspended-load channel.Terminal fan,meandering river fan,braided river fan and even some subaerial delta systems can be summarized into the distributive fluvial system.In fact,in the distributive fluvial system,the nature of the river has changed and the channel has been transformed from a confined channel to an unconfined channel.The concept of the distributive fluvial system is too general and broad,across the boundaries of different systems.There are many limitations in precise characterization of fluvial microfacies due to the great differences among different fluvial sand bodies.
引文
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