乙醇和二甲醚微射流火焰燃烧特性研究
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摘要
采用实验及数值计算研究了乙醇和二甲醚微圆管射流火焰燃烧特性。通过实验观察到不同燃料流速下乙醇和二甲醚火焰都具有四种典型的火焰形态;使用平面激光诱导荧光测试系统获得了微射流火焰的OH基元分布,实验结果表明在较高流速下稳定燃烧的乙醇火焰比二甲醚火焰直径小,且略高于二甲醚火焰;采用考虑详细化学反应机理的数值计算对乙醇和二甲醚火焰进行了数值模拟,计算结果与实验现象吻合较好;利用一维非预混对冲火焰计算进一步研究了这两种燃料的化学反应路径,分析结果表明乙醇和二甲醚火焰的中间产物有显著差异,两种燃料化学反应特性的差异导致了不同的微火焰结构。
Combustion characteristics of ethanol and dimethyl ether(DME) micro-jet flames were investigated experimentally and numerically. Four typical flames were observed in experiments of both ethanol flames and DME flames. The OH distributions of micro-jet flames were obtained by using OH-Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence(OH-PLIF) measuring system, the results showed that stable ethanol flames at relatively high velocities have smaller diameter and are slightly higher than counterparts of DME flames. Numerical simulation of ethanol and DME micro-jet flames were performed by numerical computations with a detailed chemical reaction mechanism,and the computed results agreed well with the experimental results. Reaction flux analyses of these two fuels were also performed with numerical calculation of one-dimensional non-premixed counterflow flame, which showed that there is a significant difference in intermediate species between the ethanol and DME flames. And the difference in chemical reaction characteristics leads to the difference in the flame structure of these two fuels.
Combustion characteristics of ethanol and dimethyl ether(DME) micro-jet flames were investigated experimentally and numerically. Four typical flames were observed in experiments of both ethanol flames and DME flames. The OH distributions of micro-jet flames were obtained by using OH-Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence(OH-PLIF) measuring system, the results showed that stable ethanol flames at relatively high velocities have smaller diameter and are slightly higher than counterparts of DME flames. Numerical simulation of ethanol and DME micro-jet flames were performed by numerical computations with a detailed chemical reaction mechanism,and the computed results agreed well with the experimental results. Reaction flux analyses of these two fuels were also performed with numerical calculation of one-dimensional non-premixed counterflow flame, which showed that there is a significant difference in intermediate species between the ethanol and DME flames. And the difference in chemical reaction characteristics leads to the difference in the flame structure of these two fuels.
引文
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[22]Azizi Z,Rezaeimanesh M,Tohidian T,et al.Dimethyl ether:a review of technologies and production challenges[J].Chemical Engineering and Processing:Process Intensification,2014,82:150-172.
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[24]Oshibe H,Nakamura H,Tekuza T,et al.Stabilized three-stage oxidation of DME/air mixture in a micro flow reactor with a controlled temperature profile[J].Combustion and Flame,2010,157(8):1572-1580.
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[26]Zhong B J,Yang F,Yang Q T.Catalytic combustion of n-C4H10and DME in Swiss-roll combustor with porous ceramics[J].Combustion Science and Technology,2012,184(5):573-584.
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[28]李星,蒋利桥,杨浩林,等.利用平面激光诱导荧光技术及CH滤镜测量微喷管射流火焰OH及CH基元[J].光学精密工程,2017,25(5):1119-1125.Li X,Jiang L Q,Yang H L,et al.Measurement of OH and CHradicals in micro-jet flames using planar laser induced fluorescence and CH filter[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2017,25(5):1119-1125.
[29]San Diego mechanism 2009/11/01,Chemical-kinetic mechanisms for combustion applications[DB/OL].Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering(Combustion Research),University of California at San Diego.http://combustion.ucsd.edu.
[30]Bhagatwala A,Luo Z Y,Shen H,et al.Numerical and experimental investigation of turbulent DME jet flames[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2015,35(2):1157-1166.
[31]Peters N.Laminar diffusion flamelet models in non-premixed turbulent combustion[J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,1984,10(3):319-339.
[32]Hu Y,Kurose R.Nonpremixed and premixed flamelets LES of partially premixed spray flames using a two-phase transport equation of progress variable[J].Combustion and Flame,2018,188:227-242.
[33]CHEMKIN-PRO15131,Reaction Design[CP].San Diego,2013.
[34]张红光,石智成,高翔,等.二甲醚在低到中温的着火延迟特性[J].化工学报,2017,68(5):2140-2147.Zhang H G,Shi Z C,Gao X,et al.Ignition delay characteristics of dimethyl ether under low-to-medium temperature ranges[J].CIESC Journal,2017,68(5):2140-2147.
[35]Zhao Z W,Chaos M,Kazakov A,et al.Thermal decomposition reaction and a comprehensive kinetic model of dimethyl ether[J].International Journal of Chemical Kinetics,2008,40(1):1-18.
[36]Millán-Merino A,Fernádez-Tarrazo E,Sánchez-Sanz M,et al.Amultipurpose reduced mechanism for ethanol combustion[J].Combustion and Flame,2018,193:112-122.
[37]Xu H J,Yao C D,Yuan T,et al.Measurements and modeling study of intermediates in ethanol and dimethy ether low-pressure premixed flames using synchrotron photoionization[J].Combustion and Flame,2011,158(9):1673-1681.
[38]Wang Y L,Veloo P S,Egolfopoulos F N,et al.A comparative study on the extinction characteristics of non-premixed dimethyl ether and ethanol flames[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2011,33(1):1003-1010
[39]Ye J J,Medwell P R,Kleinheinz K,et al.Structural differences of ethanol and DME jet flames in a hot diluted coflow[J].Combustion and Flame,2018,192:473-494.
[40]Guo H J,Sun W T,Haas F M,et al.Measurements of H2O2in low temperature dimethyl ether oxidation[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2013,34(1):573-581.
[41]Kurimoto N,Brumfield B,Yang X L,et al.Quantitative measurements of HO2/H2O2and intermediate species in low and intermediate temperature oxidation of dimethyl ether[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2015,35(1):457-464.
[2]Ju Y G,Maruta K.Microscale combustion:technology development and fundamental research[J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,2011,37(8):669-715.
[3]Maruta K.Micro and mesoscale combustion[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2011,33(1):125-150.
[4]Nakamura K,Gao J,Matsuoka T.Progress in small-scale combustion[J].Journal of Thermal Science and Technology,2017,12(1):1-18.
[5]Matta L M,Neumeier Y,Lemon B,et al.Characteristics of microscale diffusion flames[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2002,29(1):933-939.
[6]Cheng T S,Chen C P,Chen C S,et al.Characteristics of microjet methane diffusion flames[J].Combustion Theory and Modelling,2006,10(5):861-881.
[7]Nakamura Y,Ban H,Saito K,et al.Structure of micro(millimeter size)diffusion flames[M]//Progress in Scale Modeling.Springer,2008:293-306.
[8]张京,李星,杨浩林,等.微喷管氢气非预混射流火焰燃烧特性[J].化工学报,2016,67(7):2724-2731.Zhang J,Li X,Yang H L,et al.Combustion characteristic of hydrogen non-premixed micro-jet flames[J].CIESC Journal,2016,67(7):2724-2731.
[9]Zhang J,Li X,Yang H L,et al.Study on the combustion characteristics of non-premixed hydrogen micro-jet flame and the thermal interaction with solid micro tube[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2017,42:3853-3862.
[10]李星,张京,杨浩林,等.微喷管甲烷非预混射流火焰燃烧特性实验研究[J].工程热物理学报,2016,37(4):907-911.Li X,Zhang J,Yang H L,et al.Experimental investigation on combustion characteristics of methane non-premixed micro-jetflames[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2016,37(4):907-911.
[11]Li X,Zhang J,Yang H L,et al.Combustion characteristics of nonpremixed methane micro-jet flame in coflow air and thermal interaction between flame and micro tube[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,112:296-303.
[12]Balat M,Balat H,?z C.Progress in bioethanol processing[J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,2008,34(5):551-573.
[13]Balat M,Balat H.Recent trends in global production and utilization of bio-ethanol fuel[J].Applied Energy,2009,86(11):2273-2282.
[14]Lefebvre A H,Ballal D R.Gas Turbine Combustion:Alternative Fuels and Emissions[M].Florida:CRC Press,2014:485.
[15]Chen J,Peng X F,Yang Z L,et al.Characteristics of liquid ethanol diffusion flames from mini tube nozzles[J].Combustion and Flame,2009,156(2):460-466.
[16]Xu T,Gao X N,Yang J,et al.Experimental and numerical simulation study of the microscale laminar flow diffusion combustion of liquid ethanol[J].Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,2013,52(23):8021-8027.
[17]Yang Z L,Xu T,Gan Y H.Experimental study on the diffusion flame using liquid ethanol as fuel in mini-scale[C]//Proceedings of Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer International Conference.Tainan,2008:853-857.
[18]杨泽亮,薛峰,甘云华.陶瓷管作燃烧器的乙醇扩散小火焰实验研究[J].热科学与技术,2008,7(4):367-372.Yang Z L,Xue F,Gan Y H.Experimental study on the micro diffusion flame of liquid ethanol from small ceramic tube[J].Journal of Thermal Science and Technology,2008,7(4):367-372.
[19]甘云华,陈邵有,杨泽亮,等.液体乙醇微尺度扩散火焰高度的影响因素研究[J].工程热物理学报,2010,31(11):1957-1960.Gan Y H,Chen S Y,Yang Z L,et al.Study on the factors affecting the micro diffusion flame height of liquid ethanol[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2010,31(11):1957-1960.
[20]Gan Y H,Xu J L,Yan Y Y,et al.A comparative study on free jet and confined diffusion flames of liquid ethanol from small nozzles[J].Combustion Science and Technology,2014,186:120-138.
[21]甘云华,佟洋,罗智斌.乙醇在微尺度单电极燃烧器内的雾化与燃烧[J].化工学报,2015,66(11):4597-4602.Gan Y H,Tong Y,Luo Z B.Electro-spraying and combustion of alcohol in micro-combustor with single electrode[J].CIESCJournal,2015,66(11):4597-4602.
[22]Azizi Z,Rezaeimanesh M,Tohidian T,et al.Dimethyl ether:a review of technologies and production challenges[J].Chemical Engineering and Processing:Process Intensification,2014,82:150-172.
[23]Fleisch T,Basu A,Sills R.Introduction and advancement of a new clean global fuel:the status of DME developments in China and beyond[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2012,9:94-107.
[24]Oshibe H,Nakamura H,Tekuza T,et al.Stabilized three-stage oxidation of DME/air mixture in a micro flow reactor with a controlled temperature profile[J].Combustion and Flame,2010,157(8):1572-1580.
[25]Jiang L Q,Zhao D Q,Guo C M,et al.Experimental study of a plat-flame micro combustor burning DME for thermoelectric power generation[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2011,52(1):596-602.
[26]Zhong B J,Yang F,Yang Q T.Catalytic combustion of n-C4H10and DME in Swiss-roll combustor with porous ceramics[J].Combustion Science and Technology,2012,184(5):573-584.
[27]Gao J,Hossain A,Matsuoka T,et al.A numerical study on heatrecirculation assisted combustion for small scale jet diffusion flames at near-extinction condition[J].Combustion and Flame,2017,178:182-194.
[28]李星,蒋利桥,杨浩林,等.利用平面激光诱导荧光技术及CH滤镜测量微喷管射流火焰OH及CH基元[J].光学精密工程,2017,25(5):1119-1125.Li X,Jiang L Q,Yang H L,et al.Measurement of OH and CHradicals in micro-jet flames using planar laser induced fluorescence and CH filter[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2017,25(5):1119-1125.
[29]San Diego mechanism 2009/11/01,Chemical-kinetic mechanisms for combustion applications[DB/OL].Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering(Combustion Research),University of California at San Diego.http://combustion.ucsd.edu.
[30]Bhagatwala A,Luo Z Y,Shen H,et al.Numerical and experimental investigation of turbulent DME jet flames[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2015,35(2):1157-1166.
[31]Peters N.Laminar diffusion flamelet models in non-premixed turbulent combustion[J].Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,1984,10(3):319-339.
[32]Hu Y,Kurose R.Nonpremixed and premixed flamelets LES of partially premixed spray flames using a two-phase transport equation of progress variable[J].Combustion and Flame,2018,188:227-242.
[33]CHEMKIN-PRO15131,Reaction Design[CP].San Diego,2013.
[34]张红光,石智成,高翔,等.二甲醚在低到中温的着火延迟特性[J].化工学报,2017,68(5):2140-2147.Zhang H G,Shi Z C,Gao X,et al.Ignition delay characteristics of dimethyl ether under low-to-medium temperature ranges[J].CIESC Journal,2017,68(5):2140-2147.
[35]Zhao Z W,Chaos M,Kazakov A,et al.Thermal decomposition reaction and a comprehensive kinetic model of dimethyl ether[J].International Journal of Chemical Kinetics,2008,40(1):1-18.
[36]Millán-Merino A,Fernádez-Tarrazo E,Sánchez-Sanz M,et al.Amultipurpose reduced mechanism for ethanol combustion[J].Combustion and Flame,2018,193:112-122.
[37]Xu H J,Yao C D,Yuan T,et al.Measurements and modeling study of intermediates in ethanol and dimethy ether low-pressure premixed flames using synchrotron photoionization[J].Combustion and Flame,2011,158(9):1673-1681.
[38]Wang Y L,Veloo P S,Egolfopoulos F N,et al.A comparative study on the extinction characteristics of non-premixed dimethyl ether and ethanol flames[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2011,33(1):1003-1010
[39]Ye J J,Medwell P R,Kleinheinz K,et al.Structural differences of ethanol and DME jet flames in a hot diluted coflow[J].Combustion and Flame,2018,192:473-494.
[40]Guo H J,Sun W T,Haas F M,et al.Measurements of H2O2in low temperature dimethyl ether oxidation[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2013,34(1):573-581.
[41]Kurimoto N,Brumfield B,Yang X L,et al.Quantitative measurements of HO2/H2O2and intermediate species in low and intermediate temperature oxidation of dimethyl ether[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2015,35(1):457-464.
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