土壤渗透性的区域变化规律及因子分析
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摘要
通过应用数据挖掘和数据整合方法,以建立我国土壤渗透性数据库,并对影响土壤渗透性的各因子综合分析,揭示土壤渗透性的区域变化规律。结果表明:(1)土壤渗透性呈现明显的区域性变化,表现为西南地区<华北地区<东北地区。西南地区土壤渗透力最差,稳渗速率对数值为-0.5～-2.0;华北、东北地区整体数值均在0.5以上,土壤渗透力较强。(2)在影响土壤渗透力的各因子中,气候类型及林龄通过影响植被来间接改善土壤渗透力;植被能有效提升土壤渗透力,但不同植被类型间土壤渗透力并无显著差异;随土层深度的增加,土壤渗透力有所下降。土壤有机质、土壤容重及非毛管孔隙度对土壤渗透力的影响均存在一个阀值,其值分别为30%,1.0g/cm~3,30%。当各因子值超过此阀值,其对土壤渗透力的影响减弱。为更好地探究土壤类型对土壤渗透力的影响作用,在今后的研究中应加强对土壤结构、团聚体等数据的分析。(3)海拔、土层深度及土壤容重对土壤渗透力的影响主要通过影响土壤中非毛管孔隙数量来起作用的。非毛管孔隙度是影响土壤渗透力的主导因子,通径系数为0.34。
In this study,data mining and integration were used to establish China's soil permeability database,and comprehensive analysis of the influencing factors were applied to reveal the regional variation of soil permeability.The results showed that:(1)The changes in soil permeability were regional in Southwest China < North China < Northeast China.Southwestern China had the worst soil permeability,and the logarithm of infiltration rate fluctuated between-0.5～-2.0.The soil permeability in North and Northeast of China was good,with values above 0.5.(2)Climate types and forest ages indirectly improved soil penetration by affecting vegetation.Vegetation could effectively increase soil infiltration,but there was no significant difference between vegetation types.As soil layers deepened,soil permeability declined.The threshold values existed for all the effects of soil organic matter,soil bulk density and non-capillary porosity on soil infiltration.The values were 30%,1.0g/cm~3,and 30%,respectively.When the value of each factor exceeded this threshold,its effect on soil penetration decreased.In order to better explore the effect of soil types on soil permeability,the analysis of soil structure,aggregates and other data should be strengthened in the future research.(3)The effects of altitude,soil depth and soil bulk density on soil permeability occurred mainly through affecting the number of non-capillary pores in the soil.Non-capillary porosity was the dominant factor affecting soil infiltration,with the path coefficient of 0.34.
In this study,data mining and integration were used to establish China's soil permeability database,and comprehensive analysis of the influencing factors were applied to reveal the regional variation of soil permeability.The results showed that:(1)The changes in soil permeability were regional in Southwest China < North China < Northeast China.Southwestern China had the worst soil permeability,and the logarithm of infiltration rate fluctuated between-0.5～-2.0.The soil permeability in North and Northeast of China was good,with values above 0.5.(2)Climate types and forest ages indirectly improved soil penetration by affecting vegetation.Vegetation could effectively increase soil infiltration,but there was no significant difference between vegetation types.As soil layers deepened,soil permeability declined.The threshold values existed for all the effects of soil organic matter,soil bulk density and non-capillary porosity on soil infiltration.The values were 30%,1.0g/cm~3,and 30%,respectively.When the value of each factor exceeded this threshold,its effect on soil penetration decreased.In order to better explore the effect of soil types on soil permeability,the analysis of soil structure,aggregates and other data should be strengthened in the future research.(3)The effects of altitude,soil depth and soil bulk density on soil permeability occurred mainly through affecting the number of non-capillary pores in the soil.Non-capillary porosity was the dominant factor affecting soil infiltration,with the path coefficient of 0.34.
引文
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[12]王酉石,储诚进.结构方程模型及其在生态学中的应用[J].植物生态报,2011,35(3):337-344.
[13]李海防,王金叶,刘兴伟,等.广西猫儿山主要林型水源涵养功能研究[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(1):50-53.
[14]黄进,张金池,陶宝先.江宁小流域主要森林类型水源涵养功能研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(1):182-186.
[15] Hooper D,Coughlan J,Mullen M R.Structural equation modeling:Guidelines for determining model fit[J].Electronic Journal on Business Research Methods,2008,6(1):141-146.
[16] Sun D,Yang H,Yang M,et al.The effects of land use change on soil infiltration capacity in China:A meta-analysis[J].Science of the total Environment,2018,626:1394-1401.
[17]钟兆全.闽北毛竹林土壤有机碳含量特征及其影响因素[J].福建林业科学,2017,44(2):37-42.
[18]王松山,梁东丽,魏威,等.基于路径分析的土壤性质与硒形态的关系[J].土壤学报,2011,48(4):823-830.
[19]李芳念,杨春玉.不同林龄马尾松林土壤水源涵养功能研究[J].现代农业科技,2014,2(13):177-182.
[20] Porzig E L,Seavy N E,Owens E B,et al.Field evaluation of a simple infiltration test and its relationship with bulk density and soil organic carbon in California rangelands[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,72(2):200-206.
[2]王颖,杨新兵.冀北山地6种林分类型土壤水分-物理性质变化[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(3):108-112.
[3]田超,杨新兵,李军,等.冀北山地不同海拔蒙古栎林枯落物和土壤水文效应[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(4):222-226.
[4]魏玲娜,陈喜,程勤波,等.红壤丘陵区土壤渗透性及其受植被影响分析[J].中国科技论文,2013,8(5):377-380.
[5]李建兴,何丙辉,谌云.不同护坡草本植物的根系特征及对土壤渗透性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(5):1536-1543.
[6]刘青柏,刘明国,王玉涛,等.不同林型立地土壤水分性状及其持水能力的比较[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(5):775-779.
[7]徐昕,刘晓勇,江柳春,等.江西省生态公益林5种典型林分类型土壤性质特点分析[J].南方林业科学,2016,44(5):54-57.
[8]喻明美,谢正生.广州市白云山5种森林类型的土壤渗透性研究[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(1):153-156.
[9]洪宜聪.杉木闽粤栲混交林分特征与水土保持功能研究[J].江苏林业科技,2016,43(5):19-24.
[10]鲁绍伟,陈波,潘青华,等.北京山地7种人工纯林枯落物及土壤水文效应[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2013,34(5):53-59.
[11]李志,袁颖丹,胡耀文,等.海拔及旅游干扰对武功山山地草甸土壤渗透性的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(2):635-645.
[12]王酉石,储诚进.结构方程模型及其在生态学中的应用[J].植物生态报,2011,35(3):337-344.
[13]李海防,王金叶,刘兴伟,等.广西猫儿山主要林型水源涵养功能研究[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(1):50-53.
[14]黄进,张金池,陶宝先.江宁小流域主要森林类型水源涵养功能研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(1):182-186.
[15] Hooper D,Coughlan J,Mullen M R.Structural equation modeling:Guidelines for determining model fit[J].Electronic Journal on Business Research Methods,2008,6(1):141-146.
[16] Sun D,Yang H,Yang M,et al.The effects of land use change on soil infiltration capacity in China:A meta-analysis[J].Science of the total Environment,2018,626:1394-1401.
[17]钟兆全.闽北毛竹林土壤有机碳含量特征及其影响因素[J].福建林业科学,2017,44(2):37-42.
[18]王松山,梁东丽,魏威,等.基于路径分析的土壤性质与硒形态的关系[J].土壤学报,2011,48(4):823-830.
[19]李芳念,杨春玉.不同林龄马尾松林土壤水源涵养功能研究[J].现代农业科技,2014,2(13):177-182.
[20] Porzig E L,Seavy N E,Owens E B,et al.Field evaluation of a simple infiltration test and its relationship with bulk density and soil organic carbon in California rangelands[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,72(2):200-206.