狭果秤锤树群落结构与更新特征
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摘要
调查了在赣北九江市永修县集中分布的狭果秤锤树(Sinojackia rehderiana Hu)群落,对其物种组成、群落结构和更新特征进行了分析。结果表明:群落中乔木种类[胸径(DBH)≥1 cm]有27科33属40种(亚种)1 637株,其中,狭果秤锤树的重要值最大,其次是香樟[Cinnamomum camphora(Linn.) J. Presl],二者为群落的建群种;紫弹树(Celtis biondii Pamp.)、尾叶冬青(Ilex wilsonii Loes.)和瓜木[Alangium platanifolium(Sieb. et Zucc.) Harms]是群落的共优势种。灌木层植物33种,狭果秤锤树和瓜木的重要值较高;草本层植物24种(亚种),紫金牛[Ardisia japonica(Thunb.) Bl.]的重要值最高,占绝对优势。群落林冠层主要为香樟和紫弹树,亚乔木层和乔木下层以狭果秤锤树、尾叶冬青和瓜木数量较多。群落径级结构呈倒J型,狭果秤锤树、尾叶冬青和瓜木等株数较多,集中分布在小径级处;香樟和紫弹树株数相对较少,分布在大径级处。香樟和紫弹树的径级结构为间歇型,更新状态不佳,在群落中的优势地位呈降低的趋势;狭果秤锤树、尾叶冬青和瓜木的径级结构呈L型,更新状态较好,在群落中的优势地位将进一步提升。研究结果显示:赣北九江市永修县狭果秤锤树适应性良好,种群发展稳定,所在群落由阳生性常绿阔叶林向中生性常绿阔叶林演替。
Sinojackia rehderiana Hu community concentratedly distributed in Yongxiu County of Jiujiang City of North Jiangxi was investigated, and its species composition, community structure, and regeneration pattern were analyzed. The results show that there are 1 637 individuals of arbor species [diameter at breast height(DBH)≥1 cm] belonging to 40 species(subspecies) in 33 genera of 27 families in this community, in which important value of S. rehderiana is the largest, and that of Cinnamomum camphora(Linn.) J. Presl comes second, and both of them are constructive species of the community; Celtis biondii Pamp., Ilex wilsonii Loes., and Alangium platanifolium(Sieb. et Zucc.) Harms are co-dominant species in the community. There are 33 species in shrub layer, and important values of S. rehderiana and A. platanifolium are relatively high; there are 24 species(subspecies) in herb layer, and important value of Ardisia japonica(Thunb.) Bl. is the highest, which is absolutely dominant species. Canopy layer in this community is mainly composed of C. camphora and C. biondii, while numbers of S. rehderiana, I. wilsonii, and A. platanifolium are relatively large in sub-arbor layer and under layer of arbor. The diameter class structure of community shows an inverse J-shape, and individual numbers of S. rehderiana, I. wilsonii, and A. platanifolium are relatively large, and they have a concentrated distribution at small diameter class; individual numbers of C. camphora and C. biondii are relatively small, which are distributed at large diameter class. Diameter class structures of C. camphora and C. biondii are intermittent shape, and their regeneration status is relatively poor, their dominant positions in the community are lowered; diameter class structure of S. rehderiana, I. wilsonii, and A. platanifolium show an L-shape, and their regeneration status is relatively good, their dominant positions in the community will be further improved. It is suggested that S. rehderiana in Yongxiu County of Jiujiang City of North Jiangxi has a good adaptability, the development of its population is steady, and its community has a succession from evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by heliophytes to evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by mesophytes.
Sinojackia rehderiana Hu community concentratedly distributed in Yongxiu County of Jiujiang City of North Jiangxi was investigated, and its species composition, community structure, and regeneration pattern were analyzed. The results show that there are 1 637 individuals of arbor species [diameter at breast height(DBH)≥1 cm] belonging to 40 species(subspecies) in 33 genera of 27 families in this community, in which important value of S. rehderiana is the largest, and that of Cinnamomum camphora(Linn.) J. Presl comes second, and both of them are constructive species of the community; Celtis biondii Pamp., Ilex wilsonii Loes., and Alangium platanifolium(Sieb. et Zucc.) Harms are co-dominant species in the community. There are 33 species in shrub layer, and important values of S. rehderiana and A. platanifolium are relatively high; there are 24 species(subspecies) in herb layer, and important value of Ardisia japonica(Thunb.) Bl. is the highest, which is absolutely dominant species. Canopy layer in this community is mainly composed of C. camphora and C. biondii, while numbers of S. rehderiana, I. wilsonii, and A. platanifolium are relatively large in sub-arbor layer and under layer of arbor. The diameter class structure of community shows an inverse J-shape, and individual numbers of S. rehderiana, I. wilsonii, and A. platanifolium are relatively large, and they have a concentrated distribution at small diameter class; individual numbers of C. camphora and C. biondii are relatively small, which are distributed at large diameter class. Diameter class structures of C. camphora and C. biondii are intermittent shape, and their regeneration status is relatively poor, their dominant positions in the community are lowered; diameter class structure of S. rehderiana, I. wilsonii, and A. platanifolium show an L-shape, and their regeneration status is relatively good, their dominant positions in the community will be further improved. It is suggested that S. rehderiana in Yongxiu County of Jiujiang City of North Jiangxi has a good adaptability, the development of its population is steady, and its community has a succession from evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by heliophytes to evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by mesophytes.
引文
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[2] WU Z Y, RAVEN P H, HONG D Y. Flora of China: Vol. 15[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1996: 253-271.
[3] 罗利群. 乐山秤锤树——四川秤锤树属(安息香科)一新变种[J]. 植物研究, 2005, 25(3): 260-261.
[4] YAO X H, YE Q G, GE J W, et al. A new species of Sinojackia (Styracaceae) from Hubei, central China[J]. Novon, 2007, 17(1): 138-140.
[5] 姚小洪, 叶其刚, 康明, 等. 秤锤树属与长果安息香属植物的地理分布及其濒危现状[J]. 生物多样性, 2005, 13(4): 339-346.
[6] 谢国文, 王惟荣, 何静欣, 等. 濒危植物狭果秤锤树所在群落的区系特征[J]. 广州大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 11(4): 18-24.
[7] 徐惠明, 谢国文, 王业磷, 等. 狭果秤锤树种群年龄结构和空间分布格局研究[J]. 广东农业科学, 2016, 43(8): 51-57.
[8] 周赛霞, 彭焱松, 丁剑敏, 等. 珍稀植物狭果秤锤树群落木本植物种间联结性及群落稳定性研究[J]. 广西植物, 2017, 37(4): 442-448.
[9] ZHANG J, YE Q, GAO P, et al. Genetic footprints of habitat fragmentation in the extant populations of Sinojackia (Styracaceae): implications for conservation[J]. Botanical Journal of Linnean Society, 2012, 170(2): 232-242.
[10] YAO X, ZHANG J, YE Q, et al. Fine-scale spatial genetic structure and gene flow in a small, fragmented population of Sinojackia rehderiana (Styracaceae), an endangered tree species endemic to China[J]. Plant Biology, 2011, 13(2): 401-410.
[11] 陈林, 杨国栋, 钱慧蓉, 等. 四川东拉山短丝木犀群落特征和物种多样性分析[J]. 植物资源与环境学报, 2017, 26(4): 74-83.
[12] 刘楠楠, 刘佳, 张明月, 等. 湖南桃源洞国家级自然保护区台湾松+檫木群落特征[J]. 植物资源与环境学报, 2017, 26(4): 84-92.
[13] 易好, 邓湘雯, 项文化, 等. 湘中丘陵区南酸枣阔叶林群落特征及群落更新[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(12): 3463-3471.
[14] 周赛霞, 江明喜, 鲍大川, 等. 后河自然保护区珍稀植物群落结构及更新特性[J]. 广西植物, 2011, 31(2): 209-216.
[15] 杨永川, 达良俊, 陈波. 天童米槠-木荷群落主要树种的结构及空间格局[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(9): 2927-2938.
[16] 达良俊, 杨永川, 宋永昌. 浙江天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林主要组成种的种群结构及更新类型[J]. 植物生态学报, 2004, 28(3): 376-384.
[17] 卢志军, 鲍大川, 郭屹立, 等. 八大公山中亚热带山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林物种组成与结构[J]. 植物科学学报, 2013, 31(4): 336-344.
[18] 邱志军, 刘鹏, 刘春生, 等. 金华北山常绿阔叶林群落结构及优势乔木树种更新类型[J]. 广西植物, 2010, 30(5): 629-635.
[19] 霍萌萌, 郭东罡, 张婕, 等. 灵空山油松-辽东栎林乔木树种群落学特征及空间分布格局[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(20): 5925-5935.
[20] 贺金生, 陈伟烈, 李凌浩. 中国中亚热带东部常绿阔叶林主要类型的群落多样性特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 1998, 22(4): 303-311.
[21] 王鹏程, 肖文发, 姚婧, 等. 三峡库区3种典型森林主要组成树种的种群结构及更新[J]. 林业科学, 2009, 45(7): 7-15.
[22] 张家城, 陈力. 亚热带多优势种森林群落演替现状评判研究[J]. 林业科学, 2000, 36(2): 116-121.
[23] 周先叶, 王伯荪, 李鸣光, 等. 广东黑石顶自然保护区森林次生演替过程中群落的种间联结性分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 2000, 24(3): 332-339.
[24] TANG C Q, OHSAWA M. Coexistence mechanisms of evergreen, deciduous and coniferous trees in a mid-montane mixed forest on Mt. Emei, Sichuan, China[J]. Plant Ecology, 2002, 161(2): 215-230.
[25] 周小勇, 黄忠良, 欧阳学军, 等. 鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林原锥栗-厚壳桂-荷木群落演替[J]. 生态学报, 2005, 25(1): 37-44.
[26] 何美成. 关于林木径阶整化问题[J]. 林业资源管理, 1998(6): 33-36.
[27] 牛丽丽, 余新晓, 刘彦, 等. 不同起测胸径对判定油松分布格局的影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2008, 30(增刊2): 12-16.
[28] 林英, 黄新和, 杨祥学, 等. 江西植被的基本类型及其评价[J]. 江西大学学报, 1965(3): 57-62.
[29] 范晶, 罗永富, 黄明远, 等. 四川濒危肉果秤锤树rDNA-ITS分子鉴定、种子形态学及繁育分析[J]. 基因组学与应用生物学, 2015, 34(11): 2483-2491.
[30] 阮咏梅, 张金菊, 姚小洪, 等. 黄梅秤锤树孤立居群的遗传多样性及其小尺度空间遗传结构[J]. 生物多样性, 2012, 20(4): 460-469.
[31] 刘鹏, 康华靖, 廖承川, 等. 浙江九龙山自然保护区长序榆群落结构特征研究[J]. 浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 30(4): 435-439.
[2] WU Z Y, RAVEN P H, HONG D Y. Flora of China: Vol. 15[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1996: 253-271.
[3] 罗利群. 乐山秤锤树——四川秤锤树属(安息香科)一新变种[J]. 植物研究, 2005, 25(3): 260-261.
[4] YAO X H, YE Q G, GE J W, et al. A new species of Sinojackia (Styracaceae) from Hubei, central China[J]. Novon, 2007, 17(1): 138-140.
[5] 姚小洪, 叶其刚, 康明, 等. 秤锤树属与长果安息香属植物的地理分布及其濒危现状[J]. 生物多样性, 2005, 13(4): 339-346.
[6] 谢国文, 王惟荣, 何静欣, 等. 濒危植物狭果秤锤树所在群落的区系特征[J]. 广州大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 11(4): 18-24.
[7] 徐惠明, 谢国文, 王业磷, 等. 狭果秤锤树种群年龄结构和空间分布格局研究[J]. 广东农业科学, 2016, 43(8): 51-57.
[8] 周赛霞, 彭焱松, 丁剑敏, 等. 珍稀植物狭果秤锤树群落木本植物种间联结性及群落稳定性研究[J]. 广西植物, 2017, 37(4): 442-448.
[9] ZHANG J, YE Q, GAO P, et al. Genetic footprints of habitat fragmentation in the extant populations of Sinojackia (Styracaceae): implications for conservation[J]. Botanical Journal of Linnean Society, 2012, 170(2): 232-242.
[10] YAO X, ZHANG J, YE Q, et al. Fine-scale spatial genetic structure and gene flow in a small, fragmented population of Sinojackia rehderiana (Styracaceae), an endangered tree species endemic to China[J]. Plant Biology, 2011, 13(2): 401-410.
[11] 陈林, 杨国栋, 钱慧蓉, 等. 四川东拉山短丝木犀群落特征和物种多样性分析[J]. 植物资源与环境学报, 2017, 26(4): 74-83.
[12] 刘楠楠, 刘佳, 张明月, 等. 湖南桃源洞国家级自然保护区台湾松+檫木群落特征[J]. 植物资源与环境学报, 2017, 26(4): 84-92.
[13] 易好, 邓湘雯, 项文化, 等. 湘中丘陵区南酸枣阔叶林群落特征及群落更新[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(12): 3463-3471.
[14] 周赛霞, 江明喜, 鲍大川, 等. 后河自然保护区珍稀植物群落结构及更新特性[J]. 广西植物, 2011, 31(2): 209-216.
[15] 杨永川, 达良俊, 陈波. 天童米槠-木荷群落主要树种的结构及空间格局[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(9): 2927-2938.
[16] 达良俊, 杨永川, 宋永昌. 浙江天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林主要组成种的种群结构及更新类型[J]. 植物生态学报, 2004, 28(3): 376-384.
[17] 卢志军, 鲍大川, 郭屹立, 等. 八大公山中亚热带山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林物种组成与结构[J]. 植物科学学报, 2013, 31(4): 336-344.
[18] 邱志军, 刘鹏, 刘春生, 等. 金华北山常绿阔叶林群落结构及优势乔木树种更新类型[J]. 广西植物, 2010, 30(5): 629-635.
[19] 霍萌萌, 郭东罡, 张婕, 等. 灵空山油松-辽东栎林乔木树种群落学特征及空间分布格局[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(20): 5925-5935.
[20] 贺金生, 陈伟烈, 李凌浩. 中国中亚热带东部常绿阔叶林主要类型的群落多样性特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 1998, 22(4): 303-311.
[21] 王鹏程, 肖文发, 姚婧, 等. 三峡库区3种典型森林主要组成树种的种群结构及更新[J]. 林业科学, 2009, 45(7): 7-15.
[22] 张家城, 陈力. 亚热带多优势种森林群落演替现状评判研究[J]. 林业科学, 2000, 36(2): 116-121.
[23] 周先叶, 王伯荪, 李鸣光, 等. 广东黑石顶自然保护区森林次生演替过程中群落的种间联结性分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 2000, 24(3): 332-339.
[24] TANG C Q, OHSAWA M. Coexistence mechanisms of evergreen, deciduous and coniferous trees in a mid-montane mixed forest on Mt. Emei, Sichuan, China[J]. Plant Ecology, 2002, 161(2): 215-230.
[25] 周小勇, 黄忠良, 欧阳学军, 等. 鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林原锥栗-厚壳桂-荷木群落演替[J]. 生态学报, 2005, 25(1): 37-44.
[26] 何美成. 关于林木径阶整化问题[J]. 林业资源管理, 1998(6): 33-36.
[27] 牛丽丽, 余新晓, 刘彦, 等. 不同起测胸径对判定油松分布格局的影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2008, 30(增刊2): 12-16.
[28] 林英, 黄新和, 杨祥学, 等. 江西植被的基本类型及其评价[J]. 江西大学学报, 1965(3): 57-62.
[29] 范晶, 罗永富, 黄明远, 等. 四川濒危肉果秤锤树rDNA-ITS分子鉴定、种子形态学及繁育分析[J]. 基因组学与应用生物学, 2015, 34(11): 2483-2491.
[30] 阮咏梅, 张金菊, 姚小洪, 等. 黄梅秤锤树孤立居群的遗传多样性及其小尺度空间遗传结构[J]. 生物多样性, 2012, 20(4): 460-469.
[31] 刘鹏, 康华靖, 廖承川, 等. 浙江九龙山自然保护区长序榆群落结构特征研究[J]. 浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 30(4): 435-439.