注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的智力特点
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摘要
目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童的智力水平和智力等级分布特点。方法:选取符合DSM-IV诊断标准的240例ADHD儿童,以及50例正常对照组儿童,采用韦氏儿童智力量表第四版(WISC-IV)测试两组儿童的智力水平,根据智商IQ得分划分优秀、中上、中等、中下、临界五个等级。结果:ADHD组总智商[(96±10) vs.(105±10)]及智商各因子指数得分均低于对照组(P均<0. 05)。ADHD组儿童工作记忆指数分布在中下(33. 3%vs. 14. 0%)及临界(17. 9%vs. 2. 0%)的比例高于正常对照组,加工速度指数分布在中下的比例高于正常对照组(25. 8%vs. 4. 0%)(均P <0. 05)。结论:ADHD儿童的总智商及智商各因子指数均低于正常儿童,ADHD儿童工作记忆及加工速度损伤可能更明显。
Objective: To explore the intelligence level,intelligence ranked distribution with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Methods: Totally 240 children with ADHD diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition( DSM-Ⅳ) and 50 normal control group were included. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition( WISC-Ⅳ) was used to evaluate the intelligence level of two groups. Intelligence quotient(IQ) were divided into five grades according to the score, including superior, high average,average, low average, and below average. Results: The WISC-Ⅳ scores and IQ indices were lower in ADHD children than in the controls(P <0. 05). The percentage of working memory index distribution in low average grade(33. 3% vs. 14. 0%) and below average grade(17. 9% vs. 2.0%) were higher in ADHD group than in normal control group,and the percentage of processing speed index distribution in low average grade was higher in ADHD group than in normal control group(25. 8% vs. 4. 0%)(Ps < 0. 05). Conclusion: It suggests that the total IQ and IQ indices of ADHD children be lower than those of normal children,and children with ADHD might have obvious damage of working memory and the processing speed.
Objective: To explore the intelligence level,intelligence ranked distribution with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Methods: Totally 240 children with ADHD diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition( DSM-Ⅳ) and 50 normal control group were included. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition( WISC-Ⅳ) was used to evaluate the intelligence level of two groups. Intelligence quotient(IQ) were divided into five grades according to the score, including superior, high average,average, low average, and below average. Results: The WISC-Ⅳ scores and IQ indices were lower in ADHD children than in the controls(P <0. 05). The percentage of working memory index distribution in low average grade(33. 3% vs. 14. 0%) and below average grade(17. 9% vs. 2.0%) were higher in ADHD group than in normal control group,and the percentage of processing speed index distribution in low average grade was higher in ADHD group than in normal control group(25. 8% vs. 4. 0%)(Ps < 0. 05). Conclusion: It suggests that the total IQ and IQ indices of ADHD children be lower than those of normal children,and children with ADHD might have obvious damage of working memory and the processing speed.
引文
[11] Thomas R, Sanders S,Doust J,et al. Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Pediatrics,2015,135(4):e994-1001.
[2] Wang T,Liu K,Li Z,et al. Prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among children and adolescents in China:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. BMC Psychiatry, 2017,17(1):32. doi:10. 1186/sl2888-016-1187-9.
[3]张厚粲.韦氏儿童智力量表第四版(WISC-4V)中文版的修订[J].心理科学杂志,2009,32(5):1177-1179.
[4]江文庆,李焱,杜亚松,等.注意缺陷多动障碍韦氏智力测验第四版测量结果分析[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2013,21(4):579-582.
[5]臧玲,张微,刘华山.韦氏儿童智力测验第四版对学习障碍评估和干预的价值[J].中国特殊教育,2012,(7):67-73.
[6] Klingberg T,Fernell E,Olesen PJ,et al. Computerized training of working memory in children with ADHD-A randomized,controlled trial[J]. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry,2005,44(2):177-186.
[7]程大志,闫秀贤,高志杰,等.注意缺陷多动障碍儿童计算机在线认知训练研究[J].中华实用儿科临床杂志,2016,31(16):1262-1264.
[8] American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-Ⅳ)[M]. Washington:American Psychiatric Press, 1994.
[9] Kaufman J,Birmaher B,Brent D,et al. Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version(K-SADS-PL):initial reliability and validity data[J]. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry,1997,36(7):980-988.
[10]刘豫鑫,刘津,王玉凤.简明儿童少年国际神经精神访谈(父母版)的信效度[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2011,25(1):921-925.
[11]程大志,陈倩.基于脑科学的儿童神经认知发育障碍评估与干预[J].中国实用儿科杂志,2017,32(4):275-279.
[12]林文璇,王馨,吴婕翎,等.韦氏儿童智力量表第四版在注意缺陷多动障碍儿童智力结构分析中的应用[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2012,20(1):58-61.
[13]邹华,匡桂芳,辛晓昱,等.注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的智力特点[J].中国康复理论与实践,2013,19(7):694-695.
[14]杨英,沈理笑,刘学政,等.注意缺陷多动障碍儿童智力水平分析[J].临床儿科杂志,2008,26(4):334-336.
[15] Mayes SD, Calhoun SL. WISC-Ⅳand WISC-Ⅲprofiles in children with ADHD[J]. J Atten Disord,2006,9(3):486-493.
[16]Thaler NS, Bello DT,Etcoff LM. WISC-IV profiles are associated with differences in symptomatology and outcome in children with ADHD[J]. J Atten Disord,2013,17(4):291-301.
[17] Yang P,Cheng CP,Chang CL,et al. Wechsler intelligence scale for children 4th edition-Chinese version index scores in Taiwanese children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder[J]. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci,2013,67(2):83-91.
[18]郑惠,林文璇,胡华芸,等.不同亚型注意缺陷多动障碍患儿的认知行为特征研究[J].中国儿童保健杂,2010,18(4):275-277.
[2] Wang T,Liu K,Li Z,et al. Prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among children and adolescents in China:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. BMC Psychiatry, 2017,17(1):32. doi:10. 1186/sl2888-016-1187-9.
[3]张厚粲.韦氏儿童智力量表第四版(WISC-4V)中文版的修订[J].心理科学杂志,2009,32(5):1177-1179.
[4]江文庆,李焱,杜亚松,等.注意缺陷多动障碍韦氏智力测验第四版测量结果分析[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2013,21(4):579-582.
[5]臧玲,张微,刘华山.韦氏儿童智力测验第四版对学习障碍评估和干预的价值[J].中国特殊教育,2012,(7):67-73.
[6] Klingberg T,Fernell E,Olesen PJ,et al. Computerized training of working memory in children with ADHD-A randomized,controlled trial[J]. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry,2005,44(2):177-186.
[7]程大志,闫秀贤,高志杰,等.注意缺陷多动障碍儿童计算机在线认知训练研究[J].中华实用儿科临床杂志,2016,31(16):1262-1264.
[8] American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-Ⅳ)[M]. Washington:American Psychiatric Press, 1994.
[9] Kaufman J,Birmaher B,Brent D,et al. Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version(K-SADS-PL):initial reliability and validity data[J]. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry,1997,36(7):980-988.
[10]刘豫鑫,刘津,王玉凤.简明儿童少年国际神经精神访谈(父母版)的信效度[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2011,25(1):921-925.
[11]程大志,陈倩.基于脑科学的儿童神经认知发育障碍评估与干预[J].中国实用儿科杂志,2017,32(4):275-279.
[12]林文璇,王馨,吴婕翎,等.韦氏儿童智力量表第四版在注意缺陷多动障碍儿童智力结构分析中的应用[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2012,20(1):58-61.
[13]邹华,匡桂芳,辛晓昱,等.注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的智力特点[J].中国康复理论与实践,2013,19(7):694-695.
[14]杨英,沈理笑,刘学政,等.注意缺陷多动障碍儿童智力水平分析[J].临床儿科杂志,2008,26(4):334-336.
[15] Mayes SD, Calhoun SL. WISC-Ⅳand WISC-Ⅲprofiles in children with ADHD[J]. J Atten Disord,2006,9(3):486-493.
[16]Thaler NS, Bello DT,Etcoff LM. WISC-IV profiles are associated with differences in symptomatology and outcome in children with ADHD[J]. J Atten Disord,2013,17(4):291-301.
[17] Yang P,Cheng CP,Chang CL,et al. Wechsler intelligence scale for children 4th edition-Chinese version index scores in Taiwanese children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder[J]. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci,2013,67(2):83-91.
[18]郑惠,林文璇,胡华芸,等.不同亚型注意缺陷多动障碍患儿的认知行为特征研究[J].中国儿童保健杂,2010,18(4):275-277.