两种生长调节剂对大豆叶片昼夜同化物生理代谢及产量的影响
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摘要
为探究两种不同类型植物生长调节剂对大豆叶片昼夜同化物生理代谢的影响,以两个大豆品种合丰50和垦丰16为试验材料,于始花期叶面喷施烯效唑(S_(3307))和2-N,N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(DTA-6),在鼓粒期的一昼夜内依次选取9∶30、17∶30、21∶30和5∶30(次日)4个时间点,测定功能叶片中蔗糖含量、淀粉含量、淀粉转化率、蔗糖代谢关键酶活性,并于成熟期测产。结果表明:S_(3307)和DTA-6处理均能促进两品种叶片蔗糖和淀粉在白天的积累和夜间的降解,且S_(3307)对两品种叶片蔗糖的调控效果优于DTA-6,DTA-6调控两品种叶片淀粉的作用效果优于S_(3307)。在不同时间点S_(3307)和DTA-6处理均能够提高两品种叶片夜间蔗糖和淀粉转运率。S_(3307)和DTA-6处理能够提高两品种叶片蔗糖合酶和蔗糖磷酸合酶活性,且均在17∶30达最大值;S_(3307)和DTA-6在整个昼夜变化中提高两品种蔗糖转化酶的活性。S_(3307)和DTA-6能够有效调控两品种的单株荚数和单株粒数,提高产量,S_(3307)和DTA-6处理后合丰50产量与对照相比分别增加17.76%和37.67%,垦丰16产量与对照相比分别增加11.34%和32.49%。综上所述,S_(3307)和DTA-6处理均能通过促进叶片昼夜同化物代谢,提高合丰50和垦丰16大豆品种产量。
In order to investigate the effects of two different plant growth regulators on diurnal variation in physiological metabolism of assimilate in soybean leaves and yield, two soybean varieties, Hefeng 50 and Kenfeng 16, were used as experimental materials. The leaves were sprayed with uniconazole(S_(3307)) and 2-N,N-diethylamino ethylcaproate(DTA-6) in the field at early flowering stage, and the control was sprayed with water. Four time points, 9∶30, 17∶30, 21∶30 and 5∶30(the next day), were selected in one day at seed filling stage. The functional leaves of soybean were taken at each treatment, and the contents of sucrose, starch and the activities of key enzymes in sucrose metabolism were determined. Then the yield was determined at maturation stage. The results showed that, both S_(3307) and DTA-6 could promote the accumulation of sucrose and starch in the leaves of the two cultivars during the day and the degradation at night. Moreover, the effect of S_(3307) on the regulation of leaf sucrose were better than that of DTA-6, and the effect of DTA-6 on the regulation of leaf starch of the two cultivars were better than that of S_(3307). At different time points, S_(3307) and DTA-6 treatments increased the sucrose and starch transport rate in leaves of Hefeng 50 and Kenfeng 16 at night, S_(3307) and DTA-6 treatments increased the activities of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase in leaves of two cultivars and reached the maximum at 17∶30, which was propitious to the synthesis of sucrose during the day. S_(3307) and DTA-6 increased the activity of sucrose invertase during the day and night, S_(3307) and DTA-6 could effectively regulate the number of pods per plant and seed per plant, and finally increase the yield. The yield of Hefeng 50 treated with S_(3307) and DTA-6 increased 17.76% and 37.67% respectively compared with the control, and the yield of Kenfeng16 increased 11.34% and 32.49% respectively compared with the control. It concluded that both S_(3307) and DTA-6 could increase the yield of Hefeng 50 and Kenfeng 16 soybean varieties by promoting leaf diurnal assimilate metabolism.
In order to investigate the effects of two different plant growth regulators on diurnal variation in physiological metabolism of assimilate in soybean leaves and yield, two soybean varieties, Hefeng 50 and Kenfeng 16, were used as experimental materials. The leaves were sprayed with uniconazole(S_(3307)) and 2-N,N-diethylamino ethylcaproate(DTA-6) in the field at early flowering stage, and the control was sprayed with water. Four time points, 9∶30, 17∶30, 21∶30 and 5∶30(the next day), were selected in one day at seed filling stage. The functional leaves of soybean were taken at each treatment, and the contents of sucrose, starch and the activities of key enzymes in sucrose metabolism were determined. Then the yield was determined at maturation stage. The results showed that, both S_(3307) and DTA-6 could promote the accumulation of sucrose and starch in the leaves of the two cultivars during the day and the degradation at night. Moreover, the effect of S_(3307) on the regulation of leaf sucrose were better than that of DTA-6, and the effect of DTA-6 on the regulation of leaf starch of the two cultivars were better than that of S_(3307). At different time points, S_(3307) and DTA-6 treatments increased the sucrose and starch transport rate in leaves of Hefeng 50 and Kenfeng 16 at night, S_(3307) and DTA-6 treatments increased the activities of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase in leaves of two cultivars and reached the maximum at 17∶30, which was propitious to the synthesis of sucrose during the day. S_(3307) and DTA-6 increased the activity of sucrose invertase during the day and night, S_(3307) and DTA-6 could effectively regulate the number of pods per plant and seed per plant, and finally increase the yield. The yield of Hefeng 50 treated with S_(3307) and DTA-6 increased 17.76% and 37.67% respectively compared with the control, and the yield of Kenfeng16 increased 11.34% and 32.49% respectively compared with the control. It concluded that both S_(3307) and DTA-6 could increase the yield of Hefeng 50 and Kenfeng 16 soybean varieties by promoting leaf diurnal assimilate metabolism.
引文
[1]郑殿峰,张晓艳,李建英,等.大豆群体光合特性的研究现状[J].大豆科学,2007,26(3):412-416.(Zheng D F,Zhang XY,Li J Y,et al.The recent researth concering photosynthetic characters in soybean population[J].Soybean Science,2007,26(3):412-416.)
[2]Zeeman S C,Smith S M,Smith A M.The diurnal metabolism of leaf starch[J].Biochemical Journal,2007,401(1):13-28.
[3]Hashida Y,Hirose T,Okamura M,et al.A reduction of sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS)activity affects sucrose/starch ratio in leaves but does not inhibit normal plant growth in rice[J].Plant Science,2016,253:40-49.
[4]Datir S,Joshi S.The contribution of sucrose metabolism enzymes to sucrose accumulation in sugarcane(Saccharum,officinarum L.)genotypes[J].Indian Journal of Plant Physiology,2016,21(1):76-82.
[5]柴静,张会,姚丽丽,等.蔗糖合酶在植物生长发育中的作用研究[J].生命科学,2012,24(1):81-88.(Chai J,Zhang H,Yao L L,et al.The function of sucrose synthase in plant growth and development[J].Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences,2012,24(1):81-88.)
[6]Arumugam G,Mohamed S A,Nagalingam M,et al.Production of invertase enzymes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain isolated from sugarcaneand grape juices[J].European Journal of Experimental Biology,2014,4(5):29-32.
[7]Jain R,Chandra A,Solomon S.Impact of exogenously applied enzymes effectors on sucrose metabolizing enzymes(SPS,SS and SAI)and sucrose content in sugarcane[J].Sugar Technology,2013,15(4):370-378.
[8]孙福东,冯乃杰,郑殿峰,等.植物生长调节剂S3307和DTA-6对大豆荚的生理代谢及GmAC的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(7):1267-1276.(Sun F D,Feng N J,Zheng D F,et al.Effects of plant growth regulators S3307and DTA-6 on physiological metabolism and GmAC gene expression in soybean[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(7):1267-1276.)
[9]闫艳红,杨文钰,张静,等.叶面喷施烯效唑对大豆产量及品质的影响[J].草业学报,2010,19(4):251-254.(Yan Y H,Yang W Y,Zhang J,et al.Effect of spraying uniconazole on soybean yield and quality[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2010,19(4):251-254.)
[10]刘洋,郑殿峰,冯乃杰,等.鼓粒期叶施烯效唑对绿豆各器官糖分积累及籽粒产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(30):143-148.(Liu Y,Zheng D F,Feng N J,et al.Effects of foliar spraying uniconazole in seed filling period on sugar accumulation in various organs and grain yield of mung bean[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(30):143-148.)
[11]项祖芬,杨文钰,任万君,等.烯效唑对水稻后期源、库调节及其产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2004,17(5):604-608.(Xiang Z F,Yang W Y,Ren W J,et al.Manipulation of S3307to rice source and sink after anthesis and its effect on rice yield[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2004,17(5):604-608.)
[12]项洪涛,孙巨峰,冯乃杰,等.DTA-6、SODM及Cc对马铃薯地下主茎生长及同化物代谢生理的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013(6):134-139.(Xiang H T,Sun J F,Feng N J,et al.Effects of DTA-6,SODM and Cc on growth and assimilite metabolism in underground stems of potato[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2013(6):134-139.)
[13]宋春艳,冯乃杰,郑殿峰,等.植物生长调节剂对大豆叶片碳代谢相关生理指标的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(3):91-95.(Song C Y,Feng N J,Zheng D F,et al.Effects of plant growth regulators(PGRs)on carbon metabolism related indicators in soybean leaves[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2011,29(3):91-95.)
[14]郑旭.不同浓度6-BA对大豆叶片碳代谢相关生理指标的影响[J].大豆科学,2013,32(6):858-861.(Zheng X.Effects of Different Concentrations of 6-BA on Carbon Metabolism Related Indicators in Soybean Leaves[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(6):858-861.)
[15]冯亚楠,李璨,冯乃杰,等.不同植物生长调节剂浸种对大豆幼苗子叶碳代谢的影响[J].大豆科学,2009,28(6):1016-1020.(Feng Y N,Li C,Feng N J,et al.Effects of seed soaking with plant growth regulators(PGRs)on the carbon metabolism of soybean seedling cotyledon[J].Soybean Science,2009,28(6):1016-1020.)
[16]张志良,瞿伟青,李小方.植物生理学实验指导[M].4版.北京:北京高等教育出版社,2009.(Zhang Z L,Qu W Q,Li XF.Experiment guide of plant physiology[M].4th ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2009.)
[17]Yadav S K,Singh V,Lakshmi N J,et al.Carbohydrates and sucrose metabolizing enzymes in the leaves of Vigna mungo genotypes as influenced by elevated CO2concentration[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2013,15(6):1107-1120.
[18]Stitt M,Gibon Y,Lunn J E,et al.Multilevel genomics analysis of carbon signalling during low carbon availability:Coordinating the supply and utilisation of carbon in a fluctuating environment[J].Functional Plant Biology,2007,34(6),400-414.
[19]Ruckle M,Meier M,Frey L,et al.Diurnal leaf starch content:An orphan trait in forage legumes[J].Agronomy,2017,7(1):16.
[20]Sicher R C,Kremer D F,Harris W G.Diurnal carbohydrate metabolism of barley primary leaves[J].Plant Physiology,1984,76(1):165-169.
[21]王宝生,刘春娟,冯乃杰,等.植物生长调节剂对大豆植株上、中部干物质积累及产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(9):1567-1573.(Wang B S,Liu C J,Feng N J,et al.Effect of plant growth regulator on dry matter accumulation in upper and central parts and yield of soybean[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2015,46(9),1567-1573.)
[22]Liu C,Feng N,Zheng D,et al.Uniconazole and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate increase soybean pod setting and yield by regulating sucrose and starch content:S3307and DA-6 increase soybean pod setting and yield[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2018.DOI:?10.1002/jsfa.9243.
[23]夏叔芳,张振清,於新建.玉米叶片淀粉和蔗糖的昼夜变化与光合产物的输出[J].植物生理学报,1982(2):43-50.(Xia S F,Zhang Z Q,Yu X J.The diurnal variation in carbohydrate contents and in photosynthate export in zea mays leaves[J].Plant Physiology Journal,1982(2):43-50.)
[24]郑殿峰,赵玖香,赵黎明.植物生长调节剂对大豆光合作用和同化物分配的影响[J].西南农业学报,2008,21(5):1265-1269.(Zheng D F,Zhao J X,Zhao L M.Effect of plant growth regulator(PGRs)on photosynthesis and assimilate distribution of soybean[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2008,21(5):1265-1269.)
[25]Jones T L,Tucker D E,Ort D R.Chilling delays circadian pattern of sucrose phosphate synthase and nitrate reductase activity in tomato[J].Plant Physiology,1998,118(1):149-158.
[26]郭金妹,李天来,姜晶,等.昼间亚高温下番茄叶中糖含量与蔗糖代谢相关酶的活性日变化[J].植物生理学报,2007,43(2):231-234.(Guo J M,Li T L,Jiang J,et al.Diurnal changes in sugar contents and enzymes activities involving sucrose metabolism in tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum mill)leaves under subhigh temperature by day[J].Plant Physiology Journal,2007,43(2):231-234.)
[27]Kalt-Torres W,Huber S C.Diurnal changes in maize leaf photosynthesis:III.Leaf elongation rate in relation to carbohydrates and activities of sucrose metabolizing enzymes in elongating leaf tissue[J].Plant Physiology,1987,83(2):294-298.
[28]Jiang D,Cao W,Dai T,et al.Diurnal changes in activities of related enzymes to starch synthesis in grains of winter wheat[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2004,46(1):51-57.
[29]刘春娟,冯乃杰,郑殿峰,等.植物生长调节剂S3307和DTA-6对大豆源库碳水化合物代谢及产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(4):657-666.(Liu C J,Feng N J,Zheng D F,et al.Effects of plant growth regulators S3307and DTA-6 on carbohydrate content and yield in soybean[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(4):657-666.)
[2]Zeeman S C,Smith S M,Smith A M.The diurnal metabolism of leaf starch[J].Biochemical Journal,2007,401(1):13-28.
[3]Hashida Y,Hirose T,Okamura M,et al.A reduction of sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS)activity affects sucrose/starch ratio in leaves but does not inhibit normal plant growth in rice[J].Plant Science,2016,253:40-49.
[4]Datir S,Joshi S.The contribution of sucrose metabolism enzymes to sucrose accumulation in sugarcane(Saccharum,officinarum L.)genotypes[J].Indian Journal of Plant Physiology,2016,21(1):76-82.
[5]柴静,张会,姚丽丽,等.蔗糖合酶在植物生长发育中的作用研究[J].生命科学,2012,24(1):81-88.(Chai J,Zhang H,Yao L L,et al.The function of sucrose synthase in plant growth and development[J].Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences,2012,24(1):81-88.)
[6]Arumugam G,Mohamed S A,Nagalingam M,et al.Production of invertase enzymes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain isolated from sugarcaneand grape juices[J].European Journal of Experimental Biology,2014,4(5):29-32.
[7]Jain R,Chandra A,Solomon S.Impact of exogenously applied enzymes effectors on sucrose metabolizing enzymes(SPS,SS and SAI)and sucrose content in sugarcane[J].Sugar Technology,2013,15(4):370-378.
[8]孙福东,冯乃杰,郑殿峰,等.植物生长调节剂S3307和DTA-6对大豆荚的生理代谢及GmAC的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(7):1267-1276.(Sun F D,Feng N J,Zheng D F,et al.Effects of plant growth regulators S3307and DTA-6 on physiological metabolism and GmAC gene expression in soybean[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(7):1267-1276.)
[9]闫艳红,杨文钰,张静,等.叶面喷施烯效唑对大豆产量及品质的影响[J].草业学报,2010,19(4):251-254.(Yan Y H,Yang W Y,Zhang J,et al.Effect of spraying uniconazole on soybean yield and quality[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2010,19(4):251-254.)
[10]刘洋,郑殿峰,冯乃杰,等.鼓粒期叶施烯效唑对绿豆各器官糖分积累及籽粒产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(30):143-148.(Liu Y,Zheng D F,Feng N J,et al.Effects of foliar spraying uniconazole in seed filling period on sugar accumulation in various organs and grain yield of mung bean[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(30):143-148.)
[11]项祖芬,杨文钰,任万君,等.烯效唑对水稻后期源、库调节及其产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2004,17(5):604-608.(Xiang Z F,Yang W Y,Ren W J,et al.Manipulation of S3307to rice source and sink after anthesis and its effect on rice yield[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2004,17(5):604-608.)
[12]项洪涛,孙巨峰,冯乃杰,等.DTA-6、SODM及Cc对马铃薯地下主茎生长及同化物代谢生理的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013(6):134-139.(Xiang H T,Sun J F,Feng N J,et al.Effects of DTA-6,SODM and Cc on growth and assimilite metabolism in underground stems of potato[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2013(6):134-139.)
[13]宋春艳,冯乃杰,郑殿峰,等.植物生长调节剂对大豆叶片碳代谢相关生理指标的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(3):91-95.(Song C Y,Feng N J,Zheng D F,et al.Effects of plant growth regulators(PGRs)on carbon metabolism related indicators in soybean leaves[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2011,29(3):91-95.)
[14]郑旭.不同浓度6-BA对大豆叶片碳代谢相关生理指标的影响[J].大豆科学,2013,32(6):858-861.(Zheng X.Effects of Different Concentrations of 6-BA on Carbon Metabolism Related Indicators in Soybean Leaves[J].Soybean Science,2013,32(6):858-861.)
[15]冯亚楠,李璨,冯乃杰,等.不同植物生长调节剂浸种对大豆幼苗子叶碳代谢的影响[J].大豆科学,2009,28(6):1016-1020.(Feng Y N,Li C,Feng N J,et al.Effects of seed soaking with plant growth regulators(PGRs)on the carbon metabolism of soybean seedling cotyledon[J].Soybean Science,2009,28(6):1016-1020.)
[16]张志良,瞿伟青,李小方.植物生理学实验指导[M].4版.北京:北京高等教育出版社,2009.(Zhang Z L,Qu W Q,Li XF.Experiment guide of plant physiology[M].4th ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2009.)
[17]Yadav S K,Singh V,Lakshmi N J,et al.Carbohydrates and sucrose metabolizing enzymes in the leaves of Vigna mungo genotypes as influenced by elevated CO2concentration[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2013,15(6):1107-1120.
[18]Stitt M,Gibon Y,Lunn J E,et al.Multilevel genomics analysis of carbon signalling during low carbon availability:Coordinating the supply and utilisation of carbon in a fluctuating environment[J].Functional Plant Biology,2007,34(6),400-414.
[19]Ruckle M,Meier M,Frey L,et al.Diurnal leaf starch content:An orphan trait in forage legumes[J].Agronomy,2017,7(1):16.
[20]Sicher R C,Kremer D F,Harris W G.Diurnal carbohydrate metabolism of barley primary leaves[J].Plant Physiology,1984,76(1):165-169.
[21]王宝生,刘春娟,冯乃杰,等.植物生长调节剂对大豆植株上、中部干物质积累及产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(9):1567-1573.(Wang B S,Liu C J,Feng N J,et al.Effect of plant growth regulator on dry matter accumulation in upper and central parts and yield of soybean[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2015,46(9),1567-1573.)
[22]Liu C,Feng N,Zheng D,et al.Uniconazole and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate increase soybean pod setting and yield by regulating sucrose and starch content:S3307and DA-6 increase soybean pod setting and yield[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2018.DOI:?10.1002/jsfa.9243.
[23]夏叔芳,张振清,於新建.玉米叶片淀粉和蔗糖的昼夜变化与光合产物的输出[J].植物生理学报,1982(2):43-50.(Xia S F,Zhang Z Q,Yu X J.The diurnal variation in carbohydrate contents and in photosynthate export in zea mays leaves[J].Plant Physiology Journal,1982(2):43-50.)
[24]郑殿峰,赵玖香,赵黎明.植物生长调节剂对大豆光合作用和同化物分配的影响[J].西南农业学报,2008,21(5):1265-1269.(Zheng D F,Zhao J X,Zhao L M.Effect of plant growth regulator(PGRs)on photosynthesis and assimilate distribution of soybean[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2008,21(5):1265-1269.)
[25]Jones T L,Tucker D E,Ort D R.Chilling delays circadian pattern of sucrose phosphate synthase and nitrate reductase activity in tomato[J].Plant Physiology,1998,118(1):149-158.
[26]郭金妹,李天来,姜晶,等.昼间亚高温下番茄叶中糖含量与蔗糖代谢相关酶的活性日变化[J].植物生理学报,2007,43(2):231-234.(Guo J M,Li T L,Jiang J,et al.Diurnal changes in sugar contents and enzymes activities involving sucrose metabolism in tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum mill)leaves under subhigh temperature by day[J].Plant Physiology Journal,2007,43(2):231-234.)
[27]Kalt-Torres W,Huber S C.Diurnal changes in maize leaf photosynthesis:III.Leaf elongation rate in relation to carbohydrates and activities of sucrose metabolizing enzymes in elongating leaf tissue[J].Plant Physiology,1987,83(2):294-298.
[28]Jiang D,Cao W,Dai T,et al.Diurnal changes in activities of related enzymes to starch synthesis in grains of winter wheat[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2004,46(1):51-57.
[29]刘春娟,冯乃杰,郑殿峰,等.植物生长调节剂S3307和DTA-6对大豆源库碳水化合物代谢及产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(4):657-666.(Liu C J,Feng N J,Zheng D F,et al.Effects of plant growth regulators S3307and DTA-6 on carbohydrate content and yield in soybean[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(4):657-666.)