籽用瓜联合收获机捡拾器试验研究
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摘要
为提高籽瓜机械化收获作业质量,满足农艺要求,改进设计了籽瓜联合收获机的捡拾器,阐述分析了捡拾器总体结构及工作原理,优化了活动机架底板、捡拾弹齿和弹齿座杆总成结构参数。为研究捡拾器最佳工作参数,以行走速度、捡拾装置转速和座杆间距为试验因素,捡拾破损率和漏捡率为试验指标,进行了三因素三水平的正交试验,通过极差分析找出各性能指标影响因素的主次顺序和较优组合。试验结果表明:当行驶速度为1.5 km/h、捡拾装置转速为1 5 0 r/min、座杆间距为5 0 8.0 mm时,捡拾作业性能最优,其捡拾破损率为6.7%,漏捡率为3.2%。田间适应性收获试验表明:捡拾器对不同大小类型籽瓜品种均具有良好的适应性。
In order to meet the requirements of agriculture demands and improve the harvesting quality of seed watermelon,a kind of pick-up device of combine-harvesters for seed watermelon.The overall structure and working principle of pick-up device were illustrated and analyzed.The optimal design o structural parameters of key components was conducted,such as the base of mobile fram,pick-up spring tooth and seatpost for spring tooth assembly.To improve the working performance of the pick-up device,obtain the best operation parameters,the three factors three levels orthogonal experiment was carried out with walking velocity on combine,the rotational speed of pick-up unit and spacing of seatpost as the experiment factors and the damage rate of picking index,the missing rate index as the experimental indexes.By the Range analysis,the order and the optimal combination of performance were defined.The results showed that as the walking velocity on combine was 1.5 km/h,the rotational speed of pick-up unit was 150 r/min,the spacing of seatpost was508.0 mm,and the damage rate of picking index was6.7%,the missing rate index was 3.2%.On the basis,the performance of pick-up was the best.The results can provide the guidance and direction for the research of combine-harvesters for seed watermelon and its key parts.
In order to meet the requirements of agriculture demands and improve the harvesting quality of seed watermelon,a kind of pick-up device of combine-harvesters for seed watermelon.The overall structure and working principle of pick-up device were illustrated and analyzed.The optimal design o structural parameters of key components was conducted,such as the base of mobile fram,pick-up spring tooth and seatpost for spring tooth assembly.To improve the working performance of the pick-up device,obtain the best operation parameters,the three factors three levels orthogonal experiment was carried out with walking velocity on combine,the rotational speed of pick-up unit and spacing of seatpost as the experiment factors and the damage rate of picking index,the missing rate index as the experimental indexes.By the Range analysis,the order and the optimal combination of performance were defined.The results showed that as the walking velocity on combine was 1.5 km/h,the rotational speed of pick-up unit was 150 r/min,the spacing of seatpost was508.0 mm,and the damage rate of picking index was6.7%,the missing rate index was 3.2%.On the basis,the performance of pick-up was the best.The results can provide the guidance and direction for the research of combine-harvesters for seed watermelon and its key parts.
引文
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[21]茆诗松,周纪芗,陈颖.实验设计[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2004.
[22]李云雁,胡传荣.试验设计与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008.
[23]刘文卿.实验设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[24]宋卫堂,封俊,刘亚佳.地轮驱动离心式化肥撒布机的设计与试验[J],农业机械学报,2002,33(1):39-42.
[25]胡建军,周冀衡,柴家荣,等.多指标正交试验数据的优化分析及应用[J].中国烟草学报,2008,14(2):9-14.
[2]孔凡婷,陈长林,石磊,等.籽瓜收获机械研究现状与发展展望[J].农机化研究,2017,39(2):259-264.
[3]赵多勇,李应彪,翟金兰,等.籽瓜系列产品的开发现状与存在问题[J].北方园艺,2008(4):100-102.
[4]张莉,金玉华,田英,等.北疆地区籽瓜主要病害及防治方法[J].北方园艺,2011(20):147-148.
[5]刘广才,杨祁峰,刘生学,等.旱地籽瓜全膜覆盖垄上沟播技术的降水利用效率[J].作物杂志,2010(3):72-77.
[6]余仕琼.不同种植模式对新疆农十师盐碱地改良效果[J].节水灌溉,2013(7):24-29.
[7]Krokida,Panagiotou,Maroulis,et al.Thermal conductivity:literature data compilation for foodstuffs[J].International Journal of Food Properties 2001,4(1):111-140.
[8]Sadrnia,Ragabipour,Jafari,et al.Internal bruising prediction in watermelon compression using nonlinear models[J].Journal of Food Engineering 2008,86(2):272-280.
[9]H Kocabiyik1.EFFECT OF MOISTURE CONTENT ON THERMAL PROPERTIES OF PUMPKIN SEED[J].International Journal of Food Properties,2009(12):277-285.
[10]张宏阳,打瓜机捡拾辊筒部件强度分析及改进[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2013.
[11]佐剑波.改进的联合打瓜收获脱籽机:中国,200520111419.0[P].2006-08-09.
[12]王学农,牛长河,陈发,等.新型籽瓜捡拾脱籽联合作业机研制[J].新疆农机化,2008(3):25-26.
[13]阎洪山,杨怀君,薛理,等.4ZBL-2背负式籽瓜联合收获机的设计[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(18):10331-10333.
[14]王庆惠,王学农,牛长河.打瓜捡拾脱籽机捡拾辊的结构设计[J].农机化研究,2012,34(7):118-121.
[15]李秀臣.籽用南瓜联合收获机捡拾机构研究[D].佳木斯:佳木斯大学,2013.
[16]阎洪山,杨怀君,薛理,等.籽瓜联合收获机捡拾器的设计与试验[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(23):200-202.
[17]GB/T 8097-2008,收获机械联合收割机试验方法[S].
[18]陈度,王书茂,康峰.等.联合收割机喂入量与收获过程损失模型[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(9):18-21.
[19]何义川,王序俭,王吉亮,等.4SZ-3.0型收膜整地联合作业机的设计与试验[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2013,48(4):149-154.
[20]马少辉.滚筒栅条式红枣分级装置优化设计与试验[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2012,47(2):152-154.
[21]茆诗松,周纪芗,陈颖.实验设计[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2004.
[22]李云雁,胡传荣.试验设计与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008.
[23]刘文卿.实验设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[24]宋卫堂,封俊,刘亚佳.地轮驱动离心式化肥撒布机的设计与试验[J],农业机械学报,2002,33(1):39-42.
[25]胡建军,周冀衡,柴家荣,等.多指标正交试验数据的优化分析及应用[J].中国烟草学报,2008,14(2):9-14.
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