不同粗饲料对生茸前期梅花鹿生长性能、血清生化指标和瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸生成的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究不同粗饲料对生茸前期梅花鹿生长性能、血清生化指标和瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸生成的影响。选取2锯龄、体况良好的成年梅花鹿公鹿16只,随机分为2组,每组2个重复,每个重复4只。2组梅花鹿饲喂相同的精饲料,所饲喂粗饲料分别为玉米秸青贮(Ⅰ组)和玉米秸黄贮(Ⅱ组)。饲养期为45 d。结果表明:1)玉米秸青贮和玉米秸黄贮作为粗饲料对生茸前期梅花鹿末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)除Ⅱ组血清葡萄糖含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)外,其余各项血清生化指标2组之间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。3) 2组在瘤胃液中各项挥发性脂肪酸与总挥发性脂肪酸浓度以及乙丙比方面均无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,生茸前期梅花鹿以玉米秸黄贮和玉米秸青贮作为粗饲料在生长性能、血清生化指标及瘤胃发酵类型方面并无显著差异。
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different roughages on growth performance,serum biochemical indices and rumen volatile fatty acid production of sika deer during early stage of antler growth period. Sixteen 2-sawing-age and in good physical condition adult sika deer( Cervus nippon) were randomly divided into 2 groups with 2 replicates per group and 4 sika deer per replicate. The experimental concentrate in two groups was the same,and the roughage was different: deer in group Ⅰ were fed corn stalk silage,and those in group Ⅱ was fed yellowcorn stalk silage. The feeding period lasted for 45 d. The results showed as follows: 1) there were no significant differences in final body weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake and feed/gain between two groups( P>0.05). 2) Serum glucose content in group Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ( P < 0. 05),but there were no significant differences in other serum biochemical indices between two groups( P>0.05). 3) There were no significant differences in each volatile fatty acid and total volatile fatty acid concentrations and acetate/propionate in rumen fluid between two groups( P>0.05). In conclusion,there are no significant differences in growth performance,serum biochemical indices and rumen fermentation type between yellowsilage corn stalk silage and corn stalk silage as roughage for sika deer during early stage of antler growth period.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3218-3225]
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different roughages on growth performance,serum biochemical indices and rumen volatile fatty acid production of sika deer during early stage of antler growth period. Sixteen 2-sawing-age and in good physical condition adult sika deer( Cervus nippon) were randomly divided into 2 groups with 2 replicates per group and 4 sika deer per replicate. The experimental concentrate in two groups was the same,and the roughage was different: deer in group Ⅰ were fed corn stalk silage,and those in group Ⅱ was fed yellowcorn stalk silage. The feeding period lasted for 45 d. The results showed as follows: 1) there were no significant differences in final body weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake and feed/gain between two groups( P>0.05). 2) Serum glucose content in group Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ( P < 0. 05),but there were no significant differences in other serum biochemical indices between two groups( P>0.05). 3) There were no significant differences in each volatile fatty acid and total volatile fatty acid concentrations and acetate/propionate in rumen fluid between two groups( P>0.05). In conclusion,there are no significant differences in growth performance,serum biochemical indices and rumen fermentation type between yellowsilage corn stalk silage and corn stalk silage as roughage for sika deer during early stage of antler growth period.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3218-3225]
引文
[1] LI Z P,LIU H L,LI G Y,et al.Molecular diversity of rumen bacterial communities from tannin-rich and fiber-rich forage fed domestic Sika deer(Cervus nippon)in China[J].BMC Microbiology,2013,13:151.
[2] MUIR P D,SYKES A R.Effect of winter nutrition on antler development in red deer(Cervus elaphus):a field study[J]. NewZealand Journal of Agricultural Research,1988,31(2):145-150.
[3] PARK J,JEON B,KANG S,et al.Study on the changes in enzyme and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations in blood serum and growth characteristics of velvet antler during the antler growth period in sika deer(Cervus nippon)[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2015,28(9):1303-1308.
[4]冯仰廉.反刍动物营养学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:337.
[5] WEINBERG Z G,CHEN Y.Effects of storage period on the composition of whole crop wheat and corn silages[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology,2013,185(3/4):196-200.
[6] NADEAU E MG,RUSSELL J R,BUXTON D R.Intake,digestibility,and composition of orchard grass and alfalfa silages treated with cellulase,inoculant,and formic acid fed to lambs[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2000,78(11):2980-2989.
[7]王星凌,许其华,游伟,等.大豆秸和黄贮玉米秸对杂交肉牛育肥效果和效益的影响[J].饲料工业,2016,37(19):1-4.
[8]殷茂军,许立胜,马瑞,等.玉米秸秆黄贮及饲喂肉羊效果分析[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2016,35(1):71-73.
[9]曹俊伟,刘鹏,刘滨.青贮和黄贮玉米秸秆对奶牛饲喂效果影响的比较[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010,31(4):80,95.
[10]赵红波,赵新华,游伟,等.玉米青贮和黄贮对奶牛饲喂效果的研究[J].中国乳业,2009(9):76-77.
[11]沈美英.日粮内不同粗饲料品质对绵羊瘤胃发酵功能和微生物区系的影响[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2006:28-46.
[12]李艺.不同比例的谷草与玉米秸秆黄贮日粮对肉牛育肥性能、瘤胃发酵及微生物菌群影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.保定:河北农业大学,2018:31.
[13] HOFMANN R R.Evolutionary steps of ecophysiological adaptation and diversification of ruminants:a comparative viewof their digestive system[J].Oecologia,1989,78(4):443-457.
[14]李忠宽,高秀华,张晓明,等.梅花鹿生茸能量、蛋白需要量及茸中干物质沉积规律的研究[J].特产研究,1996(3):21-23.
[15] LI Z P,WRIGHT A D G,LIU H L,et al.Response of the rumen microbiota of sika deer(Cervus nippon)fed different concentrations of tannin rich plants[J].PLoS One,2015,10(5):e0123481.
[16]黄健,鲍坤,张铁涛,等.过瘤胃蛋氨酸和赖氨酸对越冬期梅花鹿幼鹿生长性能、养分消化率及血清生化指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2015,46(6):974-980.
[17]李辉,刁其玉,张乃锋,等.不同蛋白水平对犊牛消化代谢及血清生化指标的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(4):1219-1226.
[18]南韦肖,张海华,司华哲,等.过量维生素A对育成期雄性水貂生长性能及血清生化指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2018,49(11):2425-2434.
[19]李仁德.低蛋白饲粮苏氨酸水平对梅花鹿仔鹿生长性能、营养物质消化利用和血清生化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2018:27-28.
[20]李仁德,张铁涛,崔学哲,等.低蛋白质饲粮中苏氨酸水平对越冬前期梅花鹿仔鹿生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(8):3107-3115.
[21]黄健.低蛋白质日粮添加蛋氨酸和赖氨酸对梅花鹿幼鹿生长性能、消化代谢和血清生化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2015:14.
[22]刘松啸.添加赖氨酸、蛋氨酸对梅花鹿仔鹿生长性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:吉林农业大学,2017:20.
[23]王孝宇,杨严鸥,宛晓春,等.黄茶对草鱼幼鱼几种代谢酶活性的影响[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2018,15(22):32-34.
[24]张勇,韩春晓,朱宇旌,等.饲粮中添加包被蛋氨酸对肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标和养分表观回肠消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(4):739-746.
[25] LI Z P,WRIGHT A G,SI H Z,et al.Changes in the rumen microbiome and metabolites reveal the effect of host genetics on hybrid crosses[J].Environmental Microbiology Reports,2016,8(6):1016-1023.
[26] LI Z P,WRIGHT A D G,LIU H L,et al. Bacterial community composition and fermentation patterns in the rumen of sika deer(Cervus nippon)fed three different diets[J]. Microbial Ecology,2015,69(2):307-318.
[27] LI Z P,ZHANG Z G,XU C,et al.Bacteria and methanogens differ along the gastrointestinal tract of chinese roe deer(Capreolus pygargus)[J].PLoS One,2014,9(12):e114513.
[28] MAO S Y,ZHANG R Y,WANG D S,et al.The diversity of the fecal bacterial community and its relationship with the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the feces during subacute rumen acidosis in dairy cows[J].BMC Veterinary Research,2012,8:237.
[29] MACLEOD N A,CORRIGALL W,STIRTON R A,et al. Intragastric infusion of nutrients in cattle[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1982,47(3):547-552.
[30] THORLACIUS S O,LODGE G A. Absorption of steam-volatile fatty acids from the rumen of the cowas influenced by diet,buffers,and pH[J]. Canadian Journal of Animal Science,1973,53(2):279-288.
[31] DURIC M,ZHAO G Y,ORSKOV E R,et al.Indirect measurement of saliva secretion in sheep fed diets of different structures and the effect of such diets on ruminal fluid kinetics and fermentation pattern[J]. Experimental Physiology,1994,79(5):823-830.
[32] HARRISON D G,BEEVER D E,THOMSON D J,et al. Manipulation of fermentation in the rumen[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,1976,27(7):617-620.
[33]赵广永,冯仰廉.用短期人工瘤胃发酵法研究饮水温度对反刍动物瘤胃发酵的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,1996(5):8-10.
[34]孙龙生,栗文钰,赵国琦,等.TMR物理有效中性洗涤纤维对奶牛瘤胃发酵参数的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2011,43(5):36-40.
[35]汤平丽.两种不同品质粗饲料的瘤胃降解特性及瘤胃发酵参数的比较[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2015:6-7.
[36] BLAXTER K L,CLAPPERTON J L.Prediction of the amount of methane produced by ruminants[J]. British Journal of Nutrition,1965,19(4):511-522.
[37]熊本海,卢德勋,张子仪.瘤胃乙酸与丙酸摩尔比例的改变对瘤胃发酵及血液指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2002,33(6):537-542.
[2] MUIR P D,SYKES A R.Effect of winter nutrition on antler development in red deer(Cervus elaphus):a field study[J]. NewZealand Journal of Agricultural Research,1988,31(2):145-150.
[3] PARK J,JEON B,KANG S,et al.Study on the changes in enzyme and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations in blood serum and growth characteristics of velvet antler during the antler growth period in sika deer(Cervus nippon)[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2015,28(9):1303-1308.
[4]冯仰廉.反刍动物营养学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:337.
[5] WEINBERG Z G,CHEN Y.Effects of storage period on the composition of whole crop wheat and corn silages[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology,2013,185(3/4):196-200.
[6] NADEAU E MG,RUSSELL J R,BUXTON D R.Intake,digestibility,and composition of orchard grass and alfalfa silages treated with cellulase,inoculant,and formic acid fed to lambs[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2000,78(11):2980-2989.
[7]王星凌,许其华,游伟,等.大豆秸和黄贮玉米秸对杂交肉牛育肥效果和效益的影响[J].饲料工业,2016,37(19):1-4.
[8]殷茂军,许立胜,马瑞,等.玉米秸秆黄贮及饲喂肉羊效果分析[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2016,35(1):71-73.
[9]曹俊伟,刘鹏,刘滨.青贮和黄贮玉米秸秆对奶牛饲喂效果影响的比较[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010,31(4):80,95.
[10]赵红波,赵新华,游伟,等.玉米青贮和黄贮对奶牛饲喂效果的研究[J].中国乳业,2009(9):76-77.
[11]沈美英.日粮内不同粗饲料品质对绵羊瘤胃发酵功能和微生物区系的影响[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2006:28-46.
[12]李艺.不同比例的谷草与玉米秸秆黄贮日粮对肉牛育肥性能、瘤胃发酵及微生物菌群影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.保定:河北农业大学,2018:31.
[13] HOFMANN R R.Evolutionary steps of ecophysiological adaptation and diversification of ruminants:a comparative viewof their digestive system[J].Oecologia,1989,78(4):443-457.
[14]李忠宽,高秀华,张晓明,等.梅花鹿生茸能量、蛋白需要量及茸中干物质沉积规律的研究[J].特产研究,1996(3):21-23.
[15] LI Z P,WRIGHT A D G,LIU H L,et al.Response of the rumen microbiota of sika deer(Cervus nippon)fed different concentrations of tannin rich plants[J].PLoS One,2015,10(5):e0123481.
[16]黄健,鲍坤,张铁涛,等.过瘤胃蛋氨酸和赖氨酸对越冬期梅花鹿幼鹿生长性能、养分消化率及血清生化指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2015,46(6):974-980.
[17]李辉,刁其玉,张乃锋,等.不同蛋白水平对犊牛消化代谢及血清生化指标的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(4):1219-1226.
[18]南韦肖,张海华,司华哲,等.过量维生素A对育成期雄性水貂生长性能及血清生化指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2018,49(11):2425-2434.
[19]李仁德.低蛋白饲粮苏氨酸水平对梅花鹿仔鹿生长性能、营养物质消化利用和血清生化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2018:27-28.
[20]李仁德,张铁涛,崔学哲,等.低蛋白质饲粮中苏氨酸水平对越冬前期梅花鹿仔鹿生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(8):3107-3115.
[21]黄健.低蛋白质日粮添加蛋氨酸和赖氨酸对梅花鹿幼鹿生长性能、消化代谢和血清生化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2015:14.
[22]刘松啸.添加赖氨酸、蛋氨酸对梅花鹿仔鹿生长性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:吉林农业大学,2017:20.
[23]王孝宇,杨严鸥,宛晓春,等.黄茶对草鱼幼鱼几种代谢酶活性的影响[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2018,15(22):32-34.
[24]张勇,韩春晓,朱宇旌,等.饲粮中添加包被蛋氨酸对肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标和养分表观回肠消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(4):739-746.
[25] LI Z P,WRIGHT A G,SI H Z,et al.Changes in the rumen microbiome and metabolites reveal the effect of host genetics on hybrid crosses[J].Environmental Microbiology Reports,2016,8(6):1016-1023.
[26] LI Z P,WRIGHT A D G,LIU H L,et al. Bacterial community composition and fermentation patterns in the rumen of sika deer(Cervus nippon)fed three different diets[J]. Microbial Ecology,2015,69(2):307-318.
[27] LI Z P,ZHANG Z G,XU C,et al.Bacteria and methanogens differ along the gastrointestinal tract of chinese roe deer(Capreolus pygargus)[J].PLoS One,2014,9(12):e114513.
[28] MAO S Y,ZHANG R Y,WANG D S,et al.The diversity of the fecal bacterial community and its relationship with the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the feces during subacute rumen acidosis in dairy cows[J].BMC Veterinary Research,2012,8:237.
[29] MACLEOD N A,CORRIGALL W,STIRTON R A,et al. Intragastric infusion of nutrients in cattle[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1982,47(3):547-552.
[30] THORLACIUS S O,LODGE G A. Absorption of steam-volatile fatty acids from the rumen of the cowas influenced by diet,buffers,and pH[J]. Canadian Journal of Animal Science,1973,53(2):279-288.
[31] DURIC M,ZHAO G Y,ORSKOV E R,et al.Indirect measurement of saliva secretion in sheep fed diets of different structures and the effect of such diets on ruminal fluid kinetics and fermentation pattern[J]. Experimental Physiology,1994,79(5):823-830.
[32] HARRISON D G,BEEVER D E,THOMSON D J,et al. Manipulation of fermentation in the rumen[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,1976,27(7):617-620.
[33]赵广永,冯仰廉.用短期人工瘤胃发酵法研究饮水温度对反刍动物瘤胃发酵的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,1996(5):8-10.
[34]孙龙生,栗文钰,赵国琦,等.TMR物理有效中性洗涤纤维对奶牛瘤胃发酵参数的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2011,43(5):36-40.
[35]汤平丽.两种不同品质粗饲料的瘤胃降解特性及瘤胃发酵参数的比较[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2015:6-7.
[36] BLAXTER K L,CLAPPERTON J L.Prediction of the amount of methane produced by ruminants[J]. British Journal of Nutrition,1965,19(4):511-522.
[37]熊本海,卢德勋,张子仪.瘤胃乙酸与丙酸摩尔比例的改变对瘤胃发酵及血液指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2002,33(6):537-542.