霉菌毒素对奶牛的危害及其脱毒方法
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摘要
饲料在收获前、储存期间或饲喂期间都可能受到几种真菌代谢物的污染,受污染的饲料会对家畜的生产性能和健康产生不利影响,并可能危害人体健康。反刍动物饲料原料种类多样化,与饲料原料种类较少的猪和家禽相比受到真菌毒素污染的风险更大。研究和调查表明,反刍动物通常受某些霉菌毒素(黄曲霉毒素、单端孢菌毒素、赭曲霉毒素A、伏马菌素和玉米赤霉烯酮)以及由不同种类链格孢属产生的其他次级代谢产物等真菌毒素的污染。本文综述了近几年国内外报道的霉菌毒素的污染情况,反刍动物饲料中常检测到的霉菌毒素类型以及由于摄入毒素而引起的动物毒理问题,并结合生产中常用的霉菌毒素脱毒方法,阐述利用合理技术防毒控毒对畜牧生产的重要性。
The cow feeds could be contaminated by several fungus exogenous metabolites before harvesting or during storage and feeding.The diets contaminated by mycotoxins adversely affect the performance and health of livestock,and may be harmful to human health.Diversified feeds ingredients in the diets for ruminants are at greater risk of mycotoxin contamination than pigs and poultry which are fed the diets with less diversified feeds1 ngredients.Research showed that ruminants were most often contaminated by certain mycotoxins(aflatoxins,trichothecenes,ochratoxin A,fumonisins and zearalenone) and many other secondary metabolites produced by different species of Alternaria.This article reviewed the contamination condition of mycotoxins reported at China and some other countries in recent years,and the types of mycotoxins often detected in feeds for ruminants,and the toxicological problems caused by toxins,and explored the importance of legitimate precaution and control toxin technologies for animal production combining with the mycotoxins detoxification methods which were commonly used in production.
The cow feeds could be contaminated by several fungus exogenous metabolites before harvesting or during storage and feeding.The diets contaminated by mycotoxins adversely affect the performance and health of livestock,and may be harmful to human health.Diversified feeds ingredients in the diets for ruminants are at greater risk of mycotoxin contamination than pigs and poultry which are fed the diets with less diversified feeds1 ngredients.Research showed that ruminants were most often contaminated by certain mycotoxins(aflatoxins,trichothecenes,ochratoxin A,fumonisins and zearalenone) and many other secondary metabolites produced by different species of Alternaria.This article reviewed the contamination condition of mycotoxins reported at China and some other countries in recent years,and the types of mycotoxins often detected in feeds for ruminants,and the toxicological problems caused by toxins,and explored the importance of legitimate precaution and control toxin technologies for animal production combining with the mycotoxins detoxification methods which were commonly used in production.
引文
[1]BINDER E M,TAN L M,CHIN L J,et al.Worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins in commodities,feeds and feed ingredients[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2007,137(3/4):265-282.
[2]CHAHAL K K,KAUSHAL S,SAHOTA P.Mycotoxins:toxicology,health risks and integrated management[J].The Asian Journal of Experimental Chemistry,2013,8(1/2):24-29.
[3]RICHARD J,PAYNE G,DESJARDINS A,et al.Mycotoxins:risks in plant,animal,and human systems[J].Council for Agricultural Science and Technology,2003,9(7):48-50.
[4]KENSLER T W,ROEBUCK B D,WOGAN G N,et al.Aflatoxin:a 50-year odyssey of mechanistic and translational toxicology[J].Toxicological Sciences,2011,120(Suppl.1):S28-S48.
[5]FINK-GRERNMELS J.Mycotoxins:their implications for human and animal health[J].Veterinary Quarterly,1999,21(4):115-120.
[6]李军,李森,颜燕.几种真菌毒素在山东省主粮中污染状况调查[J].粮食储藏,2000,29(2):42-44.
[7]冯义志.辽宁、山东和河南三省玉米籽粒中伏马毒素B1和B2污染情况研究[D].硕士学位论文.保定:河北农业大学,2011.
[8]熊凯华,胡威,汪孟娟,等.安徽河南粮食中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮的污染调查[J].食品科学,2009,30(20):265-268.
[9]高秀芬,荫士安,张宏元,等.中国部分地区玉米中4种黄曲霉毒素污染调查[J].卫生研究,2011,40(1):46-49.
[10]李笑樱,马秋刚,谢实勇,等.北京地区饲料及饲料原料呕吐毒素污染情况调查[J].中国畜牧杂志,2012,48(13):69-72.
[11]王金勇,关舒.2017年百奥明原料与饲料霉菌毒素检测报告[R].[S.l.]:[s.n.],2018:44.
[12]D’MELLO J P J,MACDONALD A M C.Mycotoxins[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1997,69:155-166.
[13]LAAN T T J M,BULL S,PIRIE R,et al.The role of alveolar macrophages in the pathogenesis of recurrent airway obstruction in horses[J].Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine,2006,20(1):167-174.
[14]DNICKE S,KEESE C,MEYER U,et al.Zearalenone(ZEN)metabolism and residue concentrations in physiological specimens of dairy cows exposed long-term to ZEN-contaminated diets differing in concentrate feed proportions[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2014,68(6):492-506.
[15]车玉媛,曹有才.一起奶牛霉菌毒素慢性中毒的诊断和治疗[J].养殖技术顾问,2014(4):207.
[16]WAGES D P.急性黄曲霉毒素B中毒引起奶牛猝死[J].王安福,译.国外兽医学---畜禽疾病,1996,17(1):21-22.
[17]ALM K,DAHLBOM M,SYNJRVI M,et al.Impaired semen quality of AI bulls fed with moldy hay:a case report[J].Theriogenology,2002,58(8):1497-1502.
[18]GUTHRIE L D,BEDELL D M.Effects of aflatoxin in corn on production and reproduction in dairy cattle[J].Proceedings,Annual Meeting of the United States Animal Health Association,1979(83):202-204.
[19]COPPOCK R W,MOSTROM M S,SPARLING C G,et al.Apparent zearalenone intoxication in a dairy herd from feeding spoiled acid-treated corn[J].Veterinary and Human Toxicology,1990,32(3):246-248.
[20]MEHRZAD J,KLEIN G,KAMPHUES J,et al.In vitro effects of very low levels of aflatoxin B1 on free radicals production and bactericidal activity of bovine blood neutrophils[J].Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology,2011,141(1/2):16-25.
[21]MEHRZAD J,MILANI M,MAHMOUD M.Naturally occurring level of mixed aflatoxins B and G stimulate toll-like receptor-4 in bovine mononuclear cells[J].Veterinary Quarterly,2013,33(4):186-190.
[22]KOROSTELEVA S N,SMITH T K,BOERMANS HJ.Effects of feed naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on metabolism and immunity of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(4):1585-1593.
[23]KUILMAN M E M,MAAS R F M,JUDAH D J,et al.Bovine hepatic metabolism of aflatoxin B1[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1998,46(7):2707-2713.
[24]SUGIYAMA K I,HIRAOKA H,SUGITA-KONISHIY.Aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw bulk milk and the presence of aflatoxin B1 in corn supplied to dairy cattle in Japan[J].Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi.Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan,2008,49(5):352-355.
[25]齐琪.黄曲霉毒素B1对荷斯坦奶牛乳中黄曲霉毒素M1含量、生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[26]JONES M G S,EWART J M.Effects on milk production associated with consumption of decorticated extracted groundnut meal contaminated with aflatoxin[J].Veterinary Record,1979,105(21):492-493.
[27]CHARMLEY E,TRENHOLM H L,THOMPSON BK,et al.Influence of level of deoxynivalenol in the diet of dairy cows on feed intake,milk production,and its composition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1993,76(11):3580-3587.
[28]KEESE C,MEYER U,REHAGE J,et al.On the effects of the concentrate proportion of dairy cow rations in the presence and absence of a Fusarium toxincontaminated triticale on cow performance[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2008,62(3):241-262.
[29]FINK-GREMMELS J.The role of mycotoxins in the health and performance of dairy cows[J].Veterinary Journal,2008,176(1):84-92.
[30]姜雅慧,杨红建.不同剂量黄曲霉毒素B1对奶牛瘤胃混合微生物发酵的抑制作用[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(16):8-13.
[31]ENGEL V G,HAGEMEISTER H.Untersuchungenueber den verblieb von aflatoxin B1 im verdaaundtarkt von kuehen[J].Milchwissenschaft-Milk Science International,1978,33:21-23.
[32]KIESSLING K H,PETTERSSON H,SANDHOLMK,et al.Metabolism of aflatoxin,ochratoxin,zearalenone,and three trichothecenes by intact rumen fluid,rumen protozoa,and rumen bacteria[J].Applied Environmental Microbiology,1984,47(5):1070-1073.
[33]WESTLAKE K,MACKIE R I,DUTTON M F.In vitro metabolism of mycotoxins by bacterial,protozoal and ovine ruminal fluid preparations[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1989,25(1/2):169-178.
[34]UPADHAYA S D,SUNG H G,LEE C H,et al.Comparative study on the aflatoxin B1 degradation ability of rumen fluid from Holstein steers and Korean native goats[J].Journal of Veterinary Science,2009,10(1):29-34.
[35]刘艳丽,杨斌,常志顺,等.霉菌毒素脱毒的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2012,39(1):85-88.
[36]戚璇,周欢.饲料霉菌毒素生物降解机制研究进展[J].饲养饲料,2013(7):57-59.
[2]CHAHAL K K,KAUSHAL S,SAHOTA P.Mycotoxins:toxicology,health risks and integrated management[J].The Asian Journal of Experimental Chemistry,2013,8(1/2):24-29.
[3]RICHARD J,PAYNE G,DESJARDINS A,et al.Mycotoxins:risks in plant,animal,and human systems[J].Council for Agricultural Science and Technology,2003,9(7):48-50.
[4]KENSLER T W,ROEBUCK B D,WOGAN G N,et al.Aflatoxin:a 50-year odyssey of mechanistic and translational toxicology[J].Toxicological Sciences,2011,120(Suppl.1):S28-S48.
[5]FINK-GRERNMELS J.Mycotoxins:their implications for human and animal health[J].Veterinary Quarterly,1999,21(4):115-120.
[6]李军,李森,颜燕.几种真菌毒素在山东省主粮中污染状况调查[J].粮食储藏,2000,29(2):42-44.
[7]冯义志.辽宁、山东和河南三省玉米籽粒中伏马毒素B1和B2污染情况研究[D].硕士学位论文.保定:河北农业大学,2011.
[8]熊凯华,胡威,汪孟娟,等.安徽河南粮食中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮的污染调查[J].食品科学,2009,30(20):265-268.
[9]高秀芬,荫士安,张宏元,等.中国部分地区玉米中4种黄曲霉毒素污染调查[J].卫生研究,2011,40(1):46-49.
[10]李笑樱,马秋刚,谢实勇,等.北京地区饲料及饲料原料呕吐毒素污染情况调查[J].中国畜牧杂志,2012,48(13):69-72.
[11]王金勇,关舒.2017年百奥明原料与饲料霉菌毒素检测报告[R].[S.l.]:[s.n.],2018:44.
[12]D’MELLO J P J,MACDONALD A M C.Mycotoxins[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1997,69:155-166.
[13]LAAN T T J M,BULL S,PIRIE R,et al.The role of alveolar macrophages in the pathogenesis of recurrent airway obstruction in horses[J].Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine,2006,20(1):167-174.
[14]DNICKE S,KEESE C,MEYER U,et al.Zearalenone(ZEN)metabolism and residue concentrations in physiological specimens of dairy cows exposed long-term to ZEN-contaminated diets differing in concentrate feed proportions[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2014,68(6):492-506.
[15]车玉媛,曹有才.一起奶牛霉菌毒素慢性中毒的诊断和治疗[J].养殖技术顾问,2014(4):207.
[16]WAGES D P.急性黄曲霉毒素B中毒引起奶牛猝死[J].王安福,译.国外兽医学---畜禽疾病,1996,17(1):21-22.
[17]ALM K,DAHLBOM M,SYNJRVI M,et al.Impaired semen quality of AI bulls fed with moldy hay:a case report[J].Theriogenology,2002,58(8):1497-1502.
[18]GUTHRIE L D,BEDELL D M.Effects of aflatoxin in corn on production and reproduction in dairy cattle[J].Proceedings,Annual Meeting of the United States Animal Health Association,1979(83):202-204.
[19]COPPOCK R W,MOSTROM M S,SPARLING C G,et al.Apparent zearalenone intoxication in a dairy herd from feeding spoiled acid-treated corn[J].Veterinary and Human Toxicology,1990,32(3):246-248.
[20]MEHRZAD J,KLEIN G,KAMPHUES J,et al.In vitro effects of very low levels of aflatoxin B1 on free radicals production and bactericidal activity of bovine blood neutrophils[J].Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology,2011,141(1/2):16-25.
[21]MEHRZAD J,MILANI M,MAHMOUD M.Naturally occurring level of mixed aflatoxins B and G stimulate toll-like receptor-4 in bovine mononuclear cells[J].Veterinary Quarterly,2013,33(4):186-190.
[22]KOROSTELEVA S N,SMITH T K,BOERMANS HJ.Effects of feed naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on metabolism and immunity of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(4):1585-1593.
[23]KUILMAN M E M,MAAS R F M,JUDAH D J,et al.Bovine hepatic metabolism of aflatoxin B1[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1998,46(7):2707-2713.
[24]SUGIYAMA K I,HIRAOKA H,SUGITA-KONISHIY.Aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw bulk milk and the presence of aflatoxin B1 in corn supplied to dairy cattle in Japan[J].Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi.Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan,2008,49(5):352-355.
[25]齐琪.黄曲霉毒素B1对荷斯坦奶牛乳中黄曲霉毒素M1含量、生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[26]JONES M G S,EWART J M.Effects on milk production associated with consumption of decorticated extracted groundnut meal contaminated with aflatoxin[J].Veterinary Record,1979,105(21):492-493.
[27]CHARMLEY E,TRENHOLM H L,THOMPSON BK,et al.Influence of level of deoxynivalenol in the diet of dairy cows on feed intake,milk production,and its composition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1993,76(11):3580-3587.
[28]KEESE C,MEYER U,REHAGE J,et al.On the effects of the concentrate proportion of dairy cow rations in the presence and absence of a Fusarium toxincontaminated triticale on cow performance[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2008,62(3):241-262.
[29]FINK-GREMMELS J.The role of mycotoxins in the health and performance of dairy cows[J].Veterinary Journal,2008,176(1):84-92.
[30]姜雅慧,杨红建.不同剂量黄曲霉毒素B1对奶牛瘤胃混合微生物发酵的抑制作用[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(16):8-13.
[31]ENGEL V G,HAGEMEISTER H.Untersuchungenueber den verblieb von aflatoxin B1 im verdaaundtarkt von kuehen[J].Milchwissenschaft-Milk Science International,1978,33:21-23.
[32]KIESSLING K H,PETTERSSON H,SANDHOLMK,et al.Metabolism of aflatoxin,ochratoxin,zearalenone,and three trichothecenes by intact rumen fluid,rumen protozoa,and rumen bacteria[J].Applied Environmental Microbiology,1984,47(5):1070-1073.
[33]WESTLAKE K,MACKIE R I,DUTTON M F.In vitro metabolism of mycotoxins by bacterial,protozoal and ovine ruminal fluid preparations[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1989,25(1/2):169-178.
[34]UPADHAYA S D,SUNG H G,LEE C H,et al.Comparative study on the aflatoxin B1 degradation ability of rumen fluid from Holstein steers and Korean native goats[J].Journal of Veterinary Science,2009,10(1):29-34.
[35]刘艳丽,杨斌,常志顺,等.霉菌毒素脱毒的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2012,39(1):85-88.
[36]戚璇,周欢.饲料霉菌毒素生物降解机制研究进展[J].饲养饲料,2013(7):57-59.