HTI煤层介质槽波波场与频散特征初步研究
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摘要
煤层内裂隙较为发育,具有明显的各向异性.目前槽波理论研究以各向同性介质为主,对HTI介质中槽波及其频散性质研究很少.本文以弱各向异性、含垂直裂隙HTI煤层介质为研究对象,研究了HTI煤层介质中的三维槽波波场,采用交错网格高阶有限差分法模拟槽波,推导了三层水平层状HTI煤层介质的Love型槽波理论频散公式和振幅深度分布,分析了HTI各弹性参数对频散曲线的影响.HTI介质和各向同性介质基阶Love槽波频散曲线差异较小,高阶较大;煤厚主要影响Airy相频率,而Airy相速度不变;煤层vs对Airy相速度影响很大;煤层γ对基阶Love槽波影响很小,高阶稍大.各波偏振方向不再与波的传播方向平行或垂直,而是呈一定夹角.利用基阶Love槽波频散曲线推测裂隙发育较为困难,可利用高阶频散曲线.
Cracks in the coal seam are relatively developed,with obvious anisotropy.However,the theory of channel wave is mainly isotropic medium at present,and there are few studies on the channel wave field and dispersion properties of HTI medium.Taking HTI medium with weak anisotropy and vertical cracks as the research object,we study the three-dimensional channel wave field in the HTI coal seam medium,and the staggered grid high order finite difference method is used to simulate the channel wave.The theoretical dispersion formula and amplitude depth distribution of the Love channel wave in three horizontal layers of HTI coal seam medium is derived,and the influence of the HTI elastic parameters on the dispersion curve is analyzed.The difference between HTI medium and isotropic medium of fundamental mode Love channel wavedispersion curve is small,and the high order is larger.Coal thickness mainly affects Airy phase frequency,while Airy phase velocity remains unchanged.The coal seamvshas a great influence on the Airy phase velocity.The coal seamγhas little effect on the fundamental mode Love channel wave,and the high order is slightly larger.The polarization direction of each wave is no longer parallel or perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation,but there is an angle between them.It is difficult to predict crack development by using fundamental Love channel wave dispersion curve.However,we can use high order channel wave to detect cracks.
Cracks in the coal seam are relatively developed,with obvious anisotropy.However,the theory of channel wave is mainly isotropic medium at present,and there are few studies on the channel wave field and dispersion properties of HTI medium.Taking HTI medium with weak anisotropy and vertical cracks as the research object,we study the three-dimensional channel wave field in the HTI coal seam medium,and the staggered grid high order finite difference method is used to simulate the channel wave.The theoretical dispersion formula and amplitude depth distribution of the Love channel wave in three horizontal layers of HTI coal seam medium is derived,and the influence of the HTI elastic parameters on the dispersion curve is analyzed.The difference between HTI medium and isotropic medium of fundamental mode Love channel wavedispersion curve is small,and the high order is larger.Coal thickness mainly affects Airy phase frequency,while Airy phase velocity remains unchanged.The coal seamvshas a great influence on the Airy phase velocity.The coal seamγhas little effect on the fundamental mode Love channel wave,and the high order is slightly larger.The polarization direction of each wave is no longer parallel or perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation,but there is an angle between them.It is difficult to predict crack development by using fundamental Love channel wave dispersion curve.However,we can use high order channel wave to detect cracks.
引文
Buchanan D J,Jackson P J,Davis D.1983.Attenuation and anisotropy of channel waves in coal seams.Geophysics,48(2):133-147,doi:10.1190/1.1441453.
Chen T J.2009.Theory on P-wave azimuthal AVO and detecting technique of coal bed cracks[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology.
Chen T J,Wang X,Cui R F.2010.The detectability analysis on HTI tectonic coal cracks by azimuthal AVO′s forward modeling.Journal of China Coal Society(in Chinese),35(4):640-644,doi:10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2015.04.015.
Dong S H.2008.Test on elastic anisotropic coefficients of gas coal.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),51(3):947-952,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2008.03.038.
Dresen L,Rüter H.1994.Seismic Coal Exploration Part B:InSeam Seismics.Oxford and New York:Pergamon.
Edwards S A,Asten M W,Drake L A.1985.P-SV wave scattering by coal-seam inhomogeneities.Geophysics,50(2):214-223,doi:10.1190/1.1441911.
Essen K,Bohlen T,Friederich W,Meier T.2007.Modelling of Rayleigh-type seam waves in disturbed coal seams and around a coal mine roadway.Geophysical Journal International,170(2):511-526,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03436.x.
He W X,Ji G Z,Dong S H,et al.2017.Theoretical basis and application of vertical Z-component in-seam wave exploration.Journal of Applied Geophysics,138(3):91-101,doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2017.01.008.
He W X.2017.Three dimensions in-seam wave field simulation and detection method research of working face fault[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology.
Ji G Z,Cheng J Y,Zhu P M,et al.2012.3-D numerical simulation and dispersion analysis of in-seam wave in underground coal mine.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(2):645-654,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.02.028.
Ji G Z,Wei J C,Yang S T,et al.2018.Three-component polarization migration of channel waves for prediction ahead of coal roadway.Journal of Applied Geophysics,159(12):475-483,doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2018.09.028.
Krey T C.1963.Channel waves as a tool of applied geophysics in coal mining.Geophysics,28(5):701-714,doi:10.1190/1.1439258.
Krey T,Arnetzb H,Knecht M.1982.Theoretical and practical aspects of absorption in the application of in-seam seismic coal exploration.Geophysics,47(12):1645-1656,doi:10.1190/1.1441314.
Li D H.2012.Anisotropic wave field simulation and characteristic analysis of coal reservoirs[Ph.D.thesis].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology.
Li G H,Feng J G,Zhu G M.2011.Quasi-P wave forward modeling in viscoelastic VTI media in frequency-space domain.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54(1):200-207,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.01.021.
Li H,Zhu P M,Ji G Z.2013.Channel wave propagation analysis of the 3Dtunnel model in isotropic viscoelastic medium.∥83rd Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts.
Li H,Zhu P M,Ji G Z,et al.2015.Modified image algorithm to simulate seismic channel waves in 3Dtunnel model with rugged free surfaces.Geophysical Prospecting,64(5):1259-1274,doi:10.1111/1365-2478.12351.
Liu E R,Crampin S,Roth B.1991.Modelling channel waves with synthetic seismograms in an anisotropic in-seam seismic survey.Geophysical Prospecting,40(5):513-540,doi:10.1111/j.1365-2478.1992.tb00539.x.
Liu T F,Pan D M,Li D C,et al.1994.In-Seam Seismic Exploration(in Chinese).Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press.
Liu Y Y,Wang Y,Zhang M G.2012.Discussion on the paper“Test on elastic anisotropy coefficients of gas coal”.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(4):1832-1836,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.067.
Morcote A,Mavko G,Prasad M.2010.Dynamic elastic properties of coal.Geophysics,75(6):E227-E234,doi:10.1190/1.3508874.
Rder D,Schott W,Dresen L,et al.1985.Calculation of dispersion curves and amplitude-depth distributions of love channel waves in horizontally-layered media.Geophysical Prospecting,33(6):800-816,doi:10.1111/j.1365-2478.1985.tb00779.x.
Thomsen L.1986.Weak elastic anisotropy.Geophysics,51(10):1954-1966,doi:10.1190/1.1442051.
Tsvankin I.1997.Reflection moveout and parameter estimation for horizontal transverse isotropy.Geophysics,62(2):614-629,doi:10.1190/1.1444170.
Wang B,Liu S D,Zhou F B,et al.2017.Diffraction characteristics of small fault ahead of tunnel face in coal roadway.Earth Sciences Research Journal,21(2):95-99,doi:10.15446/esrj.v21n2.64938.
Wang W,Gao X,Li S Y,et al.2012.Channel wave tomography method and its application in coal mine exploration:An example from Henan Yima mining area.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(3):1054-1062,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.03.036.
Wang Y,Xu X K,Zhang Y G.2012.Characteristics of P-wave and S-wave velocities and their relationships with density of six metamorphic kinds of coals.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(11):3754-3761,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.022.
Wang Y,Xu X K,Zhang Y G.2016.Ultrasonic elastic characteristics of six kinds of metamorphic coals in china under room temperature and pressure conditions.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(7):2726-2738,doi:10.6038/cjg20160735.
Xu X K,Wang Y,Meng Z P.2014.Quality factor characteristics of six metamorphic kinds of coals.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(2):644-650,doi:10.6038/cjg20140227.
Yang S T,Cheng J L.2012.The method of small structure prediction ahead with Rayleigh channel wave in coal roadway and seismic wave field numerical simulation.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(2):655-662,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.02.029.
Yang S T,Wei J C,Cheng J L,et al.2016.Numerical simulations of full-wave fields and analysis of channel wave characteristics in 3-D coal mine roadway models.Applied Geophysics,13(4):621-630,doi:10.1007/s11770-016-0582-9.
Yang X H,Cao S Y,Li D C,et al.2014.Analysis of quality factors for Rayleigh channel waves.Applied Geophysics,11(1):107-114,doi:10.1007/s11770-014-0409-5.
Yu G,Vozoff K,Durney D W.1993.The influence of confining pressure and water saturation on dynamic elastic properties of some Permian coals.Geophysics,58(1):30-38,doi:10.1190/1.1443349.
陈同俊.2009.P波方位AVO理论及煤层裂隙探测技术[博士论文].徐州:中国矿业大学.
陈同俊,王新,崔若飞.2010.基于方位AVO正演的HTI构造煤裂隙可探测性分析.煤炭学报,2010,35(4):640-644,doi:10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2015.04.015.
董守华.2008.气煤弹性各向异性系数实验测试.地球物理学报,51(3):947-952,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2008.03.038.
何文欣.2017.工作面断层的三维槽波波场模拟与探测方法研究[博士论文].徐州:中国矿业大学.
姬广忠,程建远,朱培民等.2012.煤矿井下槽波三维数值模拟及频散分析.地球物理学报,55(2):645-654,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.02.028.
李东会.2012.煤储层各向异性波场模拟与特征分析[博士论文].徐州:中国矿业大学.
李桂花,冯建国,朱光明.2011.黏弹性VTI介质频率空间域准P波正演模拟.地球物理学报,54(1):200-207,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.01.021.
刘天放,潘冬明,李德春等.1994.槽波地震勘探.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社.
刘媛媛,王赟,张美根.2012.关于“气煤弹性各向异性系数实验测试”一文的讨论.地球物理学进展,27(4):1832-1836,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.067.
王伟,高星,李松营等.2012.槽波层析成像方法在煤田勘探中的应用-以河南义马矿区为例.地球物理学报,55(3):1054-1062,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.03.036.
王赟,许小凯,张玉贵.2012.六种不同变质程度煤的纵横波速度特征及其与密度的关系.地球物理学报,55(11):3754-3761,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.022.
王赟,许小凯,张玉贵.2016.常温压条件下六种变质程度煤的超声弹性特征.地球物理学报,59(7):2726-2738,doi:10.6038/cjg20160735.
许小凯,王赟,孟召平.2014.六种不同煤阶煤的品质因子特征.地球物理学报,57(2):644-650,doi:10.6038/cjg20140227.
杨思通,程久龙.2012.煤巷小构造Rayleigh型槽波超前探测数值模拟.地球物理学报,55(2):655-662,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.02.029.
Chen T J.2009.Theory on P-wave azimuthal AVO and detecting technique of coal bed cracks[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology.
Chen T J,Wang X,Cui R F.2010.The detectability analysis on HTI tectonic coal cracks by azimuthal AVO′s forward modeling.Journal of China Coal Society(in Chinese),35(4):640-644,doi:10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2015.04.015.
Dong S H.2008.Test on elastic anisotropic coefficients of gas coal.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),51(3):947-952,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2008.03.038.
Dresen L,Rüter H.1994.Seismic Coal Exploration Part B:InSeam Seismics.Oxford and New York:Pergamon.
Edwards S A,Asten M W,Drake L A.1985.P-SV wave scattering by coal-seam inhomogeneities.Geophysics,50(2):214-223,doi:10.1190/1.1441911.
Essen K,Bohlen T,Friederich W,Meier T.2007.Modelling of Rayleigh-type seam waves in disturbed coal seams and around a coal mine roadway.Geophysical Journal International,170(2):511-526,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03436.x.
He W X,Ji G Z,Dong S H,et al.2017.Theoretical basis and application of vertical Z-component in-seam wave exploration.Journal of Applied Geophysics,138(3):91-101,doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2017.01.008.
He W X.2017.Three dimensions in-seam wave field simulation and detection method research of working face fault[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology.
Ji G Z,Cheng J Y,Zhu P M,et al.2012.3-D numerical simulation and dispersion analysis of in-seam wave in underground coal mine.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(2):645-654,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.02.028.
Ji G Z,Wei J C,Yang S T,et al.2018.Three-component polarization migration of channel waves for prediction ahead of coal roadway.Journal of Applied Geophysics,159(12):475-483,doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2018.09.028.
Krey T C.1963.Channel waves as a tool of applied geophysics in coal mining.Geophysics,28(5):701-714,doi:10.1190/1.1439258.
Krey T,Arnetzb H,Knecht M.1982.Theoretical and practical aspects of absorption in the application of in-seam seismic coal exploration.Geophysics,47(12):1645-1656,doi:10.1190/1.1441314.
Li D H.2012.Anisotropic wave field simulation and characteristic analysis of coal reservoirs[Ph.D.thesis].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology.
Li G H,Feng J G,Zhu G M.2011.Quasi-P wave forward modeling in viscoelastic VTI media in frequency-space domain.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54(1):200-207,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.01.021.
Li H,Zhu P M,Ji G Z.2013.Channel wave propagation analysis of the 3Dtunnel model in isotropic viscoelastic medium.∥83rd Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts.
Li H,Zhu P M,Ji G Z,et al.2015.Modified image algorithm to simulate seismic channel waves in 3Dtunnel model with rugged free surfaces.Geophysical Prospecting,64(5):1259-1274,doi:10.1111/1365-2478.12351.
Liu E R,Crampin S,Roth B.1991.Modelling channel waves with synthetic seismograms in an anisotropic in-seam seismic survey.Geophysical Prospecting,40(5):513-540,doi:10.1111/j.1365-2478.1992.tb00539.x.
Liu T F,Pan D M,Li D C,et al.1994.In-Seam Seismic Exploration(in Chinese).Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press.
Liu Y Y,Wang Y,Zhang M G.2012.Discussion on the paper“Test on elastic anisotropy coefficients of gas coal”.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(4):1832-1836,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.067.
Morcote A,Mavko G,Prasad M.2010.Dynamic elastic properties of coal.Geophysics,75(6):E227-E234,doi:10.1190/1.3508874.
Rder D,Schott W,Dresen L,et al.1985.Calculation of dispersion curves and amplitude-depth distributions of love channel waves in horizontally-layered media.Geophysical Prospecting,33(6):800-816,doi:10.1111/j.1365-2478.1985.tb00779.x.
Thomsen L.1986.Weak elastic anisotropy.Geophysics,51(10):1954-1966,doi:10.1190/1.1442051.
Tsvankin I.1997.Reflection moveout and parameter estimation for horizontal transverse isotropy.Geophysics,62(2):614-629,doi:10.1190/1.1444170.
Wang B,Liu S D,Zhou F B,et al.2017.Diffraction characteristics of small fault ahead of tunnel face in coal roadway.Earth Sciences Research Journal,21(2):95-99,doi:10.15446/esrj.v21n2.64938.
Wang W,Gao X,Li S Y,et al.2012.Channel wave tomography method and its application in coal mine exploration:An example from Henan Yima mining area.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(3):1054-1062,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.03.036.
Wang Y,Xu X K,Zhang Y G.2012.Characteristics of P-wave and S-wave velocities and their relationships with density of six metamorphic kinds of coals.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(11):3754-3761,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.022.
Wang Y,Xu X K,Zhang Y G.2016.Ultrasonic elastic characteristics of six kinds of metamorphic coals in china under room temperature and pressure conditions.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(7):2726-2738,doi:10.6038/cjg20160735.
Xu X K,Wang Y,Meng Z P.2014.Quality factor characteristics of six metamorphic kinds of coals.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(2):644-650,doi:10.6038/cjg20140227.
Yang S T,Cheng J L.2012.The method of small structure prediction ahead with Rayleigh channel wave in coal roadway and seismic wave field numerical simulation.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(2):655-662,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.02.029.
Yang S T,Wei J C,Cheng J L,et al.2016.Numerical simulations of full-wave fields and analysis of channel wave characteristics in 3-D coal mine roadway models.Applied Geophysics,13(4):621-630,doi:10.1007/s11770-016-0582-9.
Yang X H,Cao S Y,Li D C,et al.2014.Analysis of quality factors for Rayleigh channel waves.Applied Geophysics,11(1):107-114,doi:10.1007/s11770-014-0409-5.
Yu G,Vozoff K,Durney D W.1993.The influence of confining pressure and water saturation on dynamic elastic properties of some Permian coals.Geophysics,58(1):30-38,doi:10.1190/1.1443349.
陈同俊.2009.P波方位AVO理论及煤层裂隙探测技术[博士论文].徐州:中国矿业大学.
陈同俊,王新,崔若飞.2010.基于方位AVO正演的HTI构造煤裂隙可探测性分析.煤炭学报,2010,35(4):640-644,doi:10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2015.04.015.
董守华.2008.气煤弹性各向异性系数实验测试.地球物理学报,51(3):947-952,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2008.03.038.
何文欣.2017.工作面断层的三维槽波波场模拟与探测方法研究[博士论文].徐州:中国矿业大学.
姬广忠,程建远,朱培民等.2012.煤矿井下槽波三维数值模拟及频散分析.地球物理学报,55(2):645-654,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.02.028.
李东会.2012.煤储层各向异性波场模拟与特征分析[博士论文].徐州:中国矿业大学.
李桂花,冯建国,朱光明.2011.黏弹性VTI介质频率空间域准P波正演模拟.地球物理学报,54(1):200-207,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.01.021.
刘天放,潘冬明,李德春等.1994.槽波地震勘探.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社.
刘媛媛,王赟,张美根.2012.关于“气煤弹性各向异性系数实验测试”一文的讨论.地球物理学进展,27(4):1832-1836,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.067.
王伟,高星,李松营等.2012.槽波层析成像方法在煤田勘探中的应用-以河南义马矿区为例.地球物理学报,55(3):1054-1062,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.03.036.
王赟,许小凯,张玉贵.2012.六种不同变质程度煤的纵横波速度特征及其与密度的关系.地球物理学报,55(11):3754-3761,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.022.
王赟,许小凯,张玉贵.2016.常温压条件下六种变质程度煤的超声弹性特征.地球物理学报,59(7):2726-2738,doi:10.6038/cjg20160735.
许小凯,王赟,孟召平.2014.六种不同煤阶煤的品质因子特征.地球物理学报,57(2):644-650,doi:10.6038/cjg20140227.
杨思通,程久龙.2012.煤巷小构造Rayleigh型槽波超前探测数值模拟.地球物理学报,55(2):655-662,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.02.029.
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