低温寡照影响番茄幼苗根系有机酸代谢和养分吸收
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摘要
低温寡照气象灾害严重制约设施番茄产量和品质,本研究拟从番茄根系有机酸代谢和养分吸收的角度,探究低温寡照影响番茄生长的潜在机制。通过人工控制试验,设置不同低温(最高温/最低温:12℃/2℃、14℃/4℃、16℃/6℃、18℃/8℃)和弱光(200、400μmol·m-2·s-1)的交互处理,研究低温寡照处理2、4、6、8、10d后苗期番茄根系活力、氮磷钾含量、植株干重以及根系分泌低分子量有机酸(LMWOAs)的动态变化。结果表明:低温寡照显著抑制番茄根系活力和氮、磷、钾吸收,抑制根、茎叶干重增加,温度越低抑制作用越强;最低温(12℃/2℃)和最弱光(200μmol·m-2·s-1)处理下,番茄根系活力仅为对照的7.70%～22.1%,根系氮、磷、钾的净吸收量分别为对照的3.75%～18.1%、1.28%～27.1%和19.1%～35.5%,根系、茎叶干重分别为对照的23.4%～55.9%和42.6%～66.5%。低温寡照胁迫下番茄根系分泌低分子量有机酸的总量显著降低,土壤p H值升高,其中草酸的分泌量最大,下降幅度最明显。表明低温寡照对番茄生长的抑制作用可能与根系活力下降,草酸分泌减少和养分吸收降低有关,推测在低温寡照胁迫初期施加适量草酸或氮、磷、钾复合肥料或许可提高番茄的抗灾能力。
Combined low temperature and low irradiation(LTLI) conditions seriously affect the yield and quality of tomato, the present study aimed to clarify the underlying mechanisms through investigating the changes of organic acids metabolism and nutrients uptake in tomato root. A pot experiment in artificially controlled environments was conducted to study the dynamic changes of root activity, nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) uptake by the root, dry weights of the root and shoot, and the secretion of low-molecular-weight organic acids(LMWOAs) by the root, under different LTLI conditions(maximum/minimum temperature: 12/2℃, 14/4℃, 16/6℃, 18/8℃; weak irradiation: 200, 400μmol·m-2·s-1). Results showed that the LTLI strongly inhibited the root activity, net absorption of N, P and K, and dry weights of the root and shoot, and the effects were enhanced with the decrease of temperature.Under the condition of 12/2℃ and 200μmol·m-2·s-1, the root activities were 7.70%-22.1% of the control, net absorption of N, P and K in the root were 3.75%-18.1%, 1.28%-27.1%, and 19.1%-35.5% of the control,respectively, dry weights of the root and shoot were 23.4%-55.9% and 42.6%-66.5% of the control, respectively.The LTLI also inhibited the secretion of LMWOAs and increased the soil pH, oxalic acid was the main acid which decreased most obviously. This study indicates that the inhibition of the LTLI on the growth of tomato seedling was related to the decrease of root activity, secretion of oxalic acid, and the nutrients uptake. Therefore, suitable application of oxalic acid or complex fertilizer(including N, P, K) at the initial stage of the LTLI occurrence, may enhance the resistance ability of tomato seedling to the LTLI.
Combined low temperature and low irradiation(LTLI) conditions seriously affect the yield and quality of tomato, the present study aimed to clarify the underlying mechanisms through investigating the changes of organic acids metabolism and nutrients uptake in tomato root. A pot experiment in artificially controlled environments was conducted to study the dynamic changes of root activity, nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) uptake by the root, dry weights of the root and shoot, and the secretion of low-molecular-weight organic acids(LMWOAs) by the root, under different LTLI conditions(maximum/minimum temperature: 12/2℃, 14/4℃, 16/6℃, 18/8℃; weak irradiation: 200, 400μmol·m-2·s-1). Results showed that the LTLI strongly inhibited the root activity, net absorption of N, P and K, and dry weights of the root and shoot, and the effects were enhanced with the decrease of temperature.Under the condition of 12/2℃ and 200μmol·m-2·s-1, the root activities were 7.70%-22.1% of the control, net absorption of N, P and K in the root were 3.75%-18.1%, 1.28%-27.1%, and 19.1%-35.5% of the control,respectively, dry weights of the root and shoot were 23.4%-55.9% and 42.6%-66.5% of the control, respectively.The LTLI also inhibited the secretion of LMWOAs and increased the soil pH, oxalic acid was the main acid which decreased most obviously. This study indicates that the inhibition of the LTLI on the growth of tomato seedling was related to the decrease of root activity, secretion of oxalic acid, and the nutrients uptake. Therefore, suitable application of oxalic acid or complex fertilizer(including N, P, K) at the initial stage of the LTLI occurrence, may enhance the resistance ability of tomato seedling to the LTLI.
引文
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[2]邹雨伽,高冠,杨再强,等.低温寡照对番茄花期植株生长及干物质分配的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(12):178-184.Zou Y J,Gao G,Yang Z Q,et al.Effect of low temperature and weak light at flowering stage on plant growth and dry weight distribution[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Science,2016,44(12):178-184.(in Chinese)
[3]江梦圆,杨再强,王明田,等.花期低温寡照对番茄植株生长及果实发育的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(7):125-131.Jiang M Y,Yang Z Q,Wang M T,et al.Effect of low temperature and weak light at flowering stage on plant growth and fruit development[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Science,2018,46(7):125-131.(in Chinese)
[4]朱丽云,杨再强,李军,等.花期低温寡照对番茄开花坐果特性及果实品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,2017,38(7):456-465.Zhu L Y,Yang Z Q,Li J,et al.Effect of low temperature and weak light at flowering stage on flower-fruit characteristics of tomato[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2017,38(7):456-465.(in Chinese)
[5]魏瑞江.日光温室低温寡照灾害指标[J].气象科技,2003,31(1):50-53.Wei R J.The disaster grades of low temperature and spare sunlight in greenhouse[J].Mereological Science and Technology,2003,31(1):50-53.(in Chinese)
[6]于红,黎贞发,罗新兰,等.低温寡照对日光温室番茄幼苗生长的影响[J].北方园艺,2011,(24):56-60.Yu H,Li Z F,Luo X L,et al.Effect of low temperature and less sunlight on the growth of tomato seedling in solar greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2011,(24):56-60.(in Chinese)
[7]Nieuwhof M,Garretsen F,van Oeveren J C.Growth analysis of tomato genotypes grown under low energy conditions[J].Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science,1991,39(3):191-196.
[8]高冠,邹雨伽,杨再强,等.低温寡照胁迫对设施番茄花期叶片衰老特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2016,(5):49-55.Gao G,Zou Y J,Yang Z Q,et al.Effect of low temperature and low irradiation stress on senescence of greenhouse tomato during flowering period[J].Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science,2016,(5):49-55.(in Chinese)
[9]张淑杰,杨再强,陈艳秋,等.低温?弱光?高湿胁迫对日光温室番茄花期生理生化指标的影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(11):2995-3001.Zhang S J,Yang Z Q,Chen Y Q,et al.Effects of low temperature,weak light and high humidity stresses on the physiological and biochemical indicators of greenhouse tomato during flowering period[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(11):2995-3001.(in Chinese)
[10]Asada K.The water-water cycle in chloroplasts:scavenging of active oxygens and dissipation of excess photons[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,1999,50(50):601-639.
[11]Zhang Y J,Yang J S,Guo S J,et al.Over-expression of the Arabidopsis CBF1 gene improves resistance of tomato leaves to low temperature under low irradiance[J].Plant Biology,2010,13(2011):362-367.
[12]Dresb?ll D B,Thorup-Kristensen K.Spatial variation in root system activity of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)in response to short and long-term waterlogging as determined by 15 N uptake[J].Plant&Soil,2012,357(1-2):161-172.
[13]Adil M,Abbasi B H,Khan T.Interactive effects of melatonin and light on growth parameters and biochemical markers in adventitious roots of Withania somnifera L[J].Plant Cell Tissue&Organ Culture,2015,123(2):405-412.
[14]Yang Z Q,Li Y S,Li P,et al.Effect of difference between day and night temperature on tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)root activity and low molecular weight organic acid secretion[J].Soil Science&Plant Nutrition,2016,62(5-6):423-431.
[15]Wu Y Y,Xing D K.Effect of bicarbonate treatment on photosynthetic assimilation of inorganic carbon in two plant species of Moraceae[J].Photosynthetica,2012,50(4):587-594.
[16]黄建凤,吴昊.植物根系分泌的有机酸及其作用[J].现代农业科技,2008,(20):323-324.Huang J F,Wu H.Organic acids secreted by plant roots and their functions[J].Modern Agricultural Technology,2008,(20):323-324.(in Chinese)
[17]Huang Q Y,Zhao Z H,Chen W L.Effects of several low-molecular weight organic acids and phosphate on the adsorption of acid phosphatase by soil colloids and minerals[J].Chemosphere,2003,52(3):571-579.
[18]王文波.凋落物源有机酸对暗棕壤磷的活化及对水曲柳生理和生长的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2010:79-81.Wang W B.Organic acids from forest litters and the effects on P release from dark brown forest soil and physiological characteristics and growth of F.mandshurica seedings[D].Haerbin:Northeast Forestry University,2010:79-81.(in Chinese)
[19]Yan Q Y,Duan Z Q,Mao J D,et al.Effects of root-zone temperature and N,P,and K supplies on nutrient uptake of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)seedlings in hydroponics[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2012,58:707-717.
[20]Chen M C,Wang M K,Chiu C Y,et al.Determination of low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids and organic functional groups in rhizosphere and bulk soils of Tsuga and Yushania in a temperate rain forest[J].Plant and Soil,2001,231(1):37-44.
[21]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:12-14,308-315.Lu R K.Analytical methods of agricultural chemistry in soil[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,Beijing,2000:12-14,308-315.(in Chinese)
[22]李煜姗,杨再强,李平,等.高效液相色谱法测定设施番茄土壤低分子量有机酸的色谱条件研究[J].土壤通报,2016,47(1):73-78.Li Y S,Yang Z Q,Li P,et al.Study on chromatographic condition in determination of low molecular weight organic acids in tomato-planted soil under greenhouse with HPLC[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2016,47(1):73-78.(in Chinese)
[23]Knievel D P.Procedure for estimating ratio of live to dead root dry-matter in root core samples[J].Crop Science,1973,13(1):124-126.
[24]Dongsansuk A,Lütz C,Neuner G.Effects of temperature and irradiance on quantum yield of PSII photochemistry and xanthophyll cycle in a tropical and a temperate species[J].Photosynthetica,2013,51(1):13-21.
[25]Fujimoto M,Nishihara G N,Terada R.The effect of irradiance and temperature on the photosynthesis of two agarophytes Gelidium elegans and Pterocladiella tenuis(Gelidiales)from Kagoshima,Japan[J].Fisheries Science,2014,80(4):695-703.
[26]朱雨晴,薛晓萍.遮阴及复光对花果期番茄叶片光合特性的影响[J].中国农业气象,2019,40(2):126-134.Zhu Y Q,Xue X P.Effect of shading and light restoration on photosynthetic characteristics of tomato leaves during flowering and fruit period[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2019,40(2):126-134.(in Chinese)
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