不同深松处理对土壤物理性状与玉米产量的影响
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摘要
为了筛选出适合兴安盟地区玉米高产高效的耕作模式,于2017年在扎赉特旗设置3个深松处理(30,40,50 cm)与浅旋(CK)处理进行试验。结果表明:深松处理对玉米生育时期没有明显影响;在玉米的生长发育期中深松处理的土壤含水量与对照相比有所提升,在降水较多的年份,深松处理的保墒效果更好、更加明显;深松处理能够有效降低土壤容重,增加土壤通透性能;深松处理的叶面积和干物质均大于浅旋(CK);深松处理的穗粒数、穗长、百粒重和单位面积产量均大于浅旋(CK),而秃尖长小于浅旋(CK)。在各处理中,深松30 cm和深松40 cm处理的单位面积产量显著大于对照(P<0.05)。从试验各项指标综合分析,深松30 cm处理的效果较好,增产效果较明显,建议在兴安盟地区推广深松30 cm耕作模式。
In order to select a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation model for maize in Xing An League,four treatments were set up in Zhalaite Banner in 2017,including three subsoiling depths(30,40,50 cm) and shallow rotation(CK)treatments.The results show that:Deep loosening treatment has no obvious effect on the maize growth period. Soil moisture content of the deep loosening treatment was higher than that of control during the maize growth and development period. The soil moisture conservation effect of the deep loosening treatment was better and more obvious in years with more precipitation.The soil bulk density can be effectively reduced and soil permeability can be increased by the deep loosening treatment.Leaf area and dry matter of the deep loosening treatment were higher than that of traditional agriculture. The number of grains per panicle,panicle length,100-grain weight and yield in the deep loosening treatment were higher than those in shallow-spinning treatment,while the length of the bald tip was lower than that in shallow-spinning treatment.Among all treatments,the yield of 30 cm deep pine and 40 cm deep pine was significantly higher than that of the control(P<0.05).According to the comprehensive analysis of various indexes in this experiment,the effect of 30 cm deep loosening treatment is the best,and its effect on increasing production is the most obvious.
In order to select a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation model for maize in Xing An League,four treatments were set up in Zhalaite Banner in 2017,including three subsoiling depths(30,40,50 cm) and shallow rotation(CK)treatments.The results show that:Deep loosening treatment has no obvious effect on the maize growth period. Soil moisture content of the deep loosening treatment was higher than that of control during the maize growth and development period. The soil moisture conservation effect of the deep loosening treatment was better and more obvious in years with more precipitation.The soil bulk density can be effectively reduced and soil permeability can be increased by the deep loosening treatment.Leaf area and dry matter of the deep loosening treatment were higher than that of traditional agriculture. The number of grains per panicle,panicle length,100-grain weight and yield in the deep loosening treatment were higher than those in shallow-spinning treatment,while the length of the bald tip was lower than that in shallow-spinning treatment.Among all treatments,the yield of 30 cm deep pine and 40 cm deep pine was significantly higher than that of the control(P<0.05).According to the comprehensive analysis of various indexes in this experiment,the effect of 30 cm deep loosening treatment is the best,and its effect on increasing production is the most obvious.
引文
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[2]张博文,杨彦明,李金龙,等.连续深松对黑土水热酶特性及细菌群落的影响[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(11):3323-3332.
[3]李双锁.农机深松整地作业技术的应用分析[J].新农业,2018(23):60-61.
[4]张悦忠,白桂香,刘复伟.高油大豆主推品种不同栽培方式试验研究[J].中国农技推广,2006(4):32-33.
[5]任占英.深松整地对玉米生育的影响调查研究[J].农民致富之友,2017(16):119.
[6]何明华.深松耕法对土壤结构性能的影响[J].农业开发与装备,2018(11):162.
[7]王宇先,王俊河,任翠梅,等.不同深松处理对东北盐碱土耕层结构及玉米产量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2018(3):26-29.
[8]程思贤,刘卫玲,靳英杰,等.深松深度对砂姜黑土耕层特性、作物产量和水分利用效率的影响[C]∥2018中国作物学会学术年会论文集.北京:中国作物学会,2018.
[9]顾鑫,任翠梅,王丽娜,等.机械深松对土壤容重和机械组成的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2018(11):38-41.
[10]宫亮,安景文,邢月华,等.连年深松和施用有机肥对土壤肥力及玉米产量的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(6):1092-1099.
[11]陈喜凤,杨粉团,姜晓莉,等.深松对玉米早衰的调控作用[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(12):82-86.
[12]张瑞富,张玉芹,杨恒山.深松措施下磷肥施用深度对春玉米根系特性的影响[J].华北农学报,2019,34(1):204-212.
[13]郭书亚.秸秆覆盖深松对土壤肥力及夏玉米生育和产量的影响[D].洛阳:河南科技大学,2011.
[14]卡依沙尔·吾甫尔.关于如何提高深松作业技术效果的有效途径[J].农业与技术,2019,39(4):30.
[15]高盼,刘玉涛,王宇先,等.不同深松年限对半干旱区土壤物理性质和玉米籽粒产量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2018(11):1-4.