蒸汽爆破预处理对杜仲皮活性成分和杜仲胶提取的影响
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摘要
对杜仲皮先进行蒸汽爆破预处理,然后利用纤维素酶对预处理杜仲皮进行水解提取活性成分及杜仲胶。考察了蒸汽爆破预处理条件对杜仲皮中活性成分及杜仲胶得率和杜仲胶相对分子质量的影响。研究结果显示:乙醇超声波提取未预处理杜仲皮中活性成分的较优条件为:1 g杜仲皮粉末,以乙醇为溶剂,乙醇体积分数40%,料液比1∶10(g∶mL),超声功率200 W,提取温度40℃,提取40 min。在此条件下,以蒸汽爆破预处理杜仲皮为原料,当预处理蒸汽压力为3.25 MPa、预处理时间为1 min时,乙醇超声波提取黄酮和绿原酸的得率分别为26.83和1.22 mg/g,纤维素酶水解提取黄酮和绿原酸的得率分别为19.17和0.93 mg/g。预处理后的杜仲皮经酶解后固体残渣可用于提取杜仲胶,当预处理压力为0.52 MPa、预处理时间为15 min时,杜仲胶得率可达5.92%,其M_w和M_n分别为28.39×10~4和6.45×10~4。
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark was pretreated by steam explosion, and then the pretreated bark was hydrolyzed by cellulase to extract bioactive components and gutta-percha. Effect of steam explosion pretreatment on the bioactive components, yield and molecular weight of gutta-percha from bark of E. ulmoides Oliver were investigated. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the extraction of bioactive components from untreated barks using ethonal sonication-assisted method were 40% ethanol, ultrasonic power 200 W, extraction temperature 40 ℃ and extraction time 40 min. When the conditions of steam explosion pretreatment were 3.25 MPa and 1 min, the yields of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid using ethonal sonication-assisted method were 26.83 and 1.22 mg/g, respectively, and the yields of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid extracted by cellulase hydrolysis were 19.17 and 0.93 mg/g, respectively. The solid residue of pretreated barks after enzymatic hydrolysis was used to extract gutta-percha. When the conditions of steam explosion pretreatment were 0.52 MPa and 15 min, the yields of gutta-percha was 5.92%, and the M_w and M_n of gutta-percha were 28.39×10~4 and 6.45×10~4, respectively.
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark was pretreated by steam explosion, and then the pretreated bark was hydrolyzed by cellulase to extract bioactive components and gutta-percha. Effect of steam explosion pretreatment on the bioactive components, yield and molecular weight of gutta-percha from bark of E. ulmoides Oliver were investigated. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the extraction of bioactive components from untreated barks using ethonal sonication-assisted method were 40% ethanol, ultrasonic power 200 W, extraction temperature 40 ℃ and extraction time 40 min. When the conditions of steam explosion pretreatment were 3.25 MPa and 1 min, the yields of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid using ethonal sonication-assisted method were 26.83 and 1.22 mg/g, respectively, and the yields of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid extracted by cellulase hydrolysis were 19.17 and 0.93 mg/g, respectively. The solid residue of pretreated barks after enzymatic hydrolysis was used to extract gutta-percha. When the conditions of steam explosion pretreatment were 0.52 MPa and 15 min, the yields of gutta-percha was 5.92%, and the M_w and M_n of gutta-percha were 28.39×10~4 and 6.45×10~4, respectively.
引文
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[7]刘景煜,李晨,高锦明,等. 枸杞子总黄酮含量检测方法优化[J]. 食品工业科技,2016,37(13):304-308. LIU J Y,LI C,GAO J M,et al. Optimization on test method of total flavonoids from Lycium barbarum L.[J]. Chinese Journal of Science and Technology of Food Industry,2016,37(13):304-308.
[8]董娟娥,马柏林,贾二红. 杜仲叶中桃叶珊瑚甙测定方法的研究[J]. 西北林学院学报,2001,16(1):53-55. DONG J E,MA B L,JIA E H. Study on measuring method of aucubin in Eucommia ulmoides leaf[J]. Journal of Northwest Foresty University,2001,16(1):53-55.
[9]张学俊,王庆辉,宋磊,等. 不同温度条件下溶剂循环溶解-析出提取杜仲胶[J]. 天然产物研究与开发,2007,19(6):1062-1066. ZAHNG X J,WANG Q H,SONG L,et al. The solution-precipitation of Eucommia ulmoides gum in petroleum ether at different temperatures to extract the gum[J]. Natural Product Research and Development,2007,19(6):1062-1066.
[10]宋宏新,戴瑜,李东. 杜仲叶药效成分酶法提取工艺研究[J]. 陕西中医,2006,27(11):1425-1427. SONG H X,DAI Y,LI D. Study on enzyme extraction process of pharmacodynamic components from Eucommia ulmoides leaves[J]. Shanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2006,27(11):1425-1427.
[11]ZHANG X Y,ZHANG G C,LI P X,et al. Mechanisms of glycine betaine enhancing oxidative stress tolerance and biocontrol efficacy of Pichia caribbica against blue mold on apples[J]. Biological Control,2017,108:55-63.
[12]LIU Y,WANG W H,ZHOU Y H,et al. Isolation,identification and in vitro screening of Chongqing orangery yeasts for the biocontrol of Penicillium digitatum on citrus fruit[J]. Biological Control,2017,110:18-24.
[13]彭密军,周春山,钟世安,等. 杜仲中桃叶珊瑚苷的提取工艺研究[J]. 林产化学与工业,2003,23(3):65-68. PENG M J,ZHOU C S,ZHONG S A,et al. Study on technology of extracting aucubin from Eucommia[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products,2003,23(3):65-68.
[14]邓爱华,李红勇,谢鹏,等. 响应面法优化杜仲叶中绿原酸提取工艺[J]. 经济林研究,2018,36(1):125-130. DENG A H,LI H Y,XIE P,et al. Optimization of extraction process of chlorogenic acid in Eucommia ulmoides leaves by response surface methodology[J]. Nonwood Forest Research,2018,36(1):125-130.
[15]王颖,李荣,姜子涛,等. 超声-微波协同提取杜仲树皮及树叶中的黄酮类化合物[J]. 食品工业科技,2018,12:154-163. WANG Y,LI R,JIANG Z T,et al. Extraction of the flavonoids from barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver by simultaneous ultrasonic/micromave assisted extraction[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry,2018,12:154-163.
[16]彭密军,印大中,刘立萍,等. 杜仲籽粕中桃叶珊瑚甙的制备[J]. 精细化工,2007,24(3):243-247. PENG M J,YIN D Z,LIU L P,et al. Preparation of aucubin from the seed draff of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver[J]. Fine Chemicals,2007,24(3):243-247.
[17]刘贵华,张永康,肖美凤,等. 纤维素酶解预处理法提取杜仲胶的工艺研究[J]. 林产化学与工业,2010,30(2):77-82. LIU G H,ZHANG Y K,XIAO M F,et al. Study on extraction Eucommia ulmoides Oliver gum by cellulase pretreatment[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products,2010,30(2):77-82.
[18]刘祥,刘淑瑛,虎娟,等. 超声波辅助3种溶剂分析测定杜仲胶含量[J]. 热带作物学报,2017,38(4):723-727. LIU X,LIU S Y,HU J,et al. Eucommia-rubber analysis from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver using three solvents assisted sonication[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2017,38(4):723-727.
[2]DEYAMA T,NISHIBE S,NAKAZAWA Y. Constituents and pharmacological effects of Eucommia and Siberian ginseng[J]. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,2001,22(12):1057-1070.
[3]NAKAZAWA Y,TAKEDA T,SUZUKI N,et al. Histochemical study of trans-polyisoprene accumulation by spectralconfocal laserscanning microscopy and a specific dye showing fluorescencesolvatochromism in the rubber-producing plant,Eucommia ulmoides Oliver[J]. Planta,2013,238(3):549-560.
[4]付文,刘安华,王丽. 杜仲胶的提取与应用研究进展[J]. 弹性体,2014,24(5):76-80. FU W,LIU A H,WANG L. Research progress on extraction and application of Eucommia ulmoides gum[J]. China Elastomerics,2014,24(5):76-80.
[5]COTANA F,BURATTI C,BARBANERA M,et al. Optimization of the steam explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis for sugars production from oak woods[J]. Bioresource Technology,2015,198:470-477.
[6]KUROSUMI A,SASAKI C,KUMADA K,et al. Novel extraction method of antioxidant compounds from Sasapalmata(Bean) Nakai using steam explosion[J]. Process Biochemistry,2007,42(10):1449-1453.
[7]刘景煜,李晨,高锦明,等. 枸杞子总黄酮含量检测方法优化[J]. 食品工业科技,2016,37(13):304-308. LIU J Y,LI C,GAO J M,et al. Optimization on test method of total flavonoids from Lycium barbarum L.[J]. Chinese Journal of Science and Technology of Food Industry,2016,37(13):304-308.
[8]董娟娥,马柏林,贾二红. 杜仲叶中桃叶珊瑚甙测定方法的研究[J]. 西北林学院学报,2001,16(1):53-55. DONG J E,MA B L,JIA E H. Study on measuring method of aucubin in Eucommia ulmoides leaf[J]. Journal of Northwest Foresty University,2001,16(1):53-55.
[9]张学俊,王庆辉,宋磊,等. 不同温度条件下溶剂循环溶解-析出提取杜仲胶[J]. 天然产物研究与开发,2007,19(6):1062-1066. ZAHNG X J,WANG Q H,SONG L,et al. The solution-precipitation of Eucommia ulmoides gum in petroleum ether at different temperatures to extract the gum[J]. Natural Product Research and Development,2007,19(6):1062-1066.
[10]宋宏新,戴瑜,李东. 杜仲叶药效成分酶法提取工艺研究[J]. 陕西中医,2006,27(11):1425-1427. SONG H X,DAI Y,LI D. Study on enzyme extraction process of pharmacodynamic components from Eucommia ulmoides leaves[J]. Shanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2006,27(11):1425-1427.
[11]ZHANG X Y,ZHANG G C,LI P X,et al. Mechanisms of glycine betaine enhancing oxidative stress tolerance and biocontrol efficacy of Pichia caribbica against blue mold on apples[J]. Biological Control,2017,108:55-63.
[12]LIU Y,WANG W H,ZHOU Y H,et al. Isolation,identification and in vitro screening of Chongqing orangery yeasts for the biocontrol of Penicillium digitatum on citrus fruit[J]. Biological Control,2017,110:18-24.
[13]彭密军,周春山,钟世安,等. 杜仲中桃叶珊瑚苷的提取工艺研究[J]. 林产化学与工业,2003,23(3):65-68. PENG M J,ZHOU C S,ZHONG S A,et al. Study on technology of extracting aucubin from Eucommia[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products,2003,23(3):65-68.
[14]邓爱华,李红勇,谢鹏,等. 响应面法优化杜仲叶中绿原酸提取工艺[J]. 经济林研究,2018,36(1):125-130. DENG A H,LI H Y,XIE P,et al. Optimization of extraction process of chlorogenic acid in Eucommia ulmoides leaves by response surface methodology[J]. Nonwood Forest Research,2018,36(1):125-130.
[15]王颖,李荣,姜子涛,等. 超声-微波协同提取杜仲树皮及树叶中的黄酮类化合物[J]. 食品工业科技,2018,12:154-163. WANG Y,LI R,JIANG Z T,et al. Extraction of the flavonoids from barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver by simultaneous ultrasonic/micromave assisted extraction[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry,2018,12:154-163.
[16]彭密军,印大中,刘立萍,等. 杜仲籽粕中桃叶珊瑚甙的制备[J]. 精细化工,2007,24(3):243-247. PENG M J,YIN D Z,LIU L P,et al. Preparation of aucubin from the seed draff of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver[J]. Fine Chemicals,2007,24(3):243-247.
[17]刘贵华,张永康,肖美凤,等. 纤维素酶解预处理法提取杜仲胶的工艺研究[J]. 林产化学与工业,2010,30(2):77-82. LIU G H,ZHANG Y K,XIAO M F,et al. Study on extraction Eucommia ulmoides Oliver gum by cellulase pretreatment[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products,2010,30(2):77-82.
[18]刘祥,刘淑瑛,虎娟,等. 超声波辅助3种溶剂分析测定杜仲胶含量[J]. 热带作物学报,2017,38(4):723-727. LIU X,LIU S Y,HU J,et al. Eucommia-rubber analysis from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver using three solvents assisted sonication[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2017,38(4):723-727.