周期性阵风流作用下通气超空泡的仿真研究
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摘要
建立周期性阵风流作用下的计算网格模型,得到阵风流作用下的多相流特性,并通过试验数据对比验证了该模型的正确性。基于所建立的模型,通过数值模拟研究了阵风流作用下通气超空泡的变化特性。研究结果表明:流场上游布置的阵风发生器周期性摆动可以在下游流场中产生阵风流动,阵风发生器频率越高,阵风流波长越小、波幅越大;来流速度越大,阵风流波长越大,波幅越大。流场下游的通气超空泡受到阵风流的作用发生变形,阵风发生器频率越大,超空泡变形越大;来流速度越大,超空泡形态越稳定;阵风流长波对超空泡形态的影响较短波小。空化数受到阵风流的影响而出现周期性变化,超空泡尾部泄气方式也随之出现变化,空化数变大时,超空泡尾部回射流的动量变大,影响了空泡尾部的双涡管泄气方式。
A flow field model is established to obtain the multiphase flow characteristics in a periodic gust flow. The proposed model is verified by comparing with the experimental data. Based on the proposed model,the characteristics of ventilated supercavity in a periodic gust flow are numerically simulated. The results show that the gust generator with periodic oscillation flow placed upstream can produce gust flow in the downstream flow field,and the wavelength of gust flow decreases and its amplitude increases with an increase in frequency; the wavelength and amplitude increase with an increase in flow velocity. Ventilated supercavity in the downstream of flow field is deformed by the gust,and the deformation is more obvious with an increase in frequency. The shape of supercavity is more stable with an increase in flow velocity. The wavelength of gust is equal to the ratio of flow velocity to gust frequency,and the effect of long wave on the shape of supercavity is smaller than that of the short wave. The cavitation number periodically changes by the influence of gust flow,and the mode of gas leakage also changes. The momentum of the supercavity tail increases with an increase in the cavitation number,which affects the mode of gas leakage in the double vortex tube of cavity tail.
A flow field model is established to obtain the multiphase flow characteristics in a periodic gust flow. The proposed model is verified by comparing with the experimental data. Based on the proposed model,the characteristics of ventilated supercavity in a periodic gust flow are numerically simulated. The results show that the gust generator with periodic oscillation flow placed upstream can produce gust flow in the downstream flow field,and the wavelength of gust flow decreases and its amplitude increases with an increase in frequency; the wavelength and amplitude increase with an increase in flow velocity. Ventilated supercavity in the downstream of flow field is deformed by the gust,and the deformation is more obvious with an increase in frequency. The shape of supercavity is more stable with an increase in flow velocity. The wavelength of gust is equal to the ratio of flow velocity to gust frequency,and the effect of long wave on the shape of supercavity is smaller than that of the short wave. The cavitation number periodically changes by the influence of gust flow,and the mode of gas leakage also changes. The momentum of the supercavity tail increases with an increase in the cavitation number,which affects the mode of gas leakage in the double vortex tube of cavity tail.
引文
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[19]潘展程.通气超空泡流动结构与稳定性研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2013:13-21.PAN Zhan-cheng.Study on the stability and flow structure of ventilated supercavitating flow[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2013:13-21.(in Chinese)
[20]Nesteruk I.Shape of slender axisymmetric ventilated supercavities[J].Journal of Computational Engineering,2014,501590:1-18.
[2]Ceccio S L.Friction drag reduction of external flows with bubble and gas injection[J].Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics,2010,42(1):183-203.
[3]Lee Q T,Xue L P,He Y S.Experimental study of ventilated supercavities with a dynamic pitching model[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2008,20(4):456-460.
[4]Pan Z C,Lu C J,Chen Y,et al.Numerical study of periodically forced-pitching of a supercavitating vehicle[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2010,22(5):899-904.
[5]Yu K P,Zhang G,Zhou J J,et al.Numerical study of the pitching motions of supercavitating vehicles[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2012,24(6):951-958.
[6]Kopriva J,Arndt R E A,Amromin E L.Improvement of hydrofoil performance by partial ventilated cavitation in steady flow and periodic gusts[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,2008,130(3):031301.
[7]Arndt R E A,Hambleton W T,Kawakami E,et al.Creation and maintenance of cavities under horizontal surfaces in steady and gust flows[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,2009,131(11):111301.
[8]Lee S J,Kawakami E,Arndt R E A.Investigation of the behavior of ventilated supercavities in a periodic gust flow[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,2013,38(2):081301.
[9]Lee S J,Kawakami E,Karn A,et al.A comparative study of behaviors of ventilated supercavities between experimental models with different mounting configurations[J].Fluid Dynamics Research,2016,48(4):045506.
[10]Sanabria D E,Balas G,Arndt R E A.Modeling,control,and experimental validation of a high-speed supercavitating vehicle[J].IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,2015,40(2):362-373.
[11]Karn A,Arndt R E A,Hong J.An experimental investigation into supercavity closure mechanisms[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2016,789(3):259-284.
[12]Karn A,Arndt R E A,Hong J.Dependence of supercavity closure upon flow unsteadiness[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2015,68:493-498.
[13]Karn A,Arndt R E A,Hong J.Gas entrainment behaviors in the formation and collapse of a ventilated supercavity[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2016,79:294-300.
[14]Yu K P,Zhou J J,Min J X,et al.A contribution to study on the lift of ventilated supercavitating vehicle with low Froude number[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,2010,132(11):111303.
[15]周景军.通气超空泡流动及航行体流体动力数值模拟研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011:70-74.ZHOU Jing-jun.Numerical simulation study on the ventilated supercavitating flow and hydrodynamics of vehicle[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2011:70-74.(in Chinese)
[16]胡世良,鲁传敬,潘展程.通气空泡重力效应研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,2009,24(6):786-792.HU Shi-liang,LU Chuan-jing,PAN Zhan-cheng.Research on the gravity effect of ventilated cavitating flows[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2009,24(6):786-792.(in Chinese)
[17]路中磊,魏英杰,王聪,等.开放空腔壳体入水扰动流场结构及空泡失稳特征[J].物理学报,2017,66(6):167-181.LU Zhong-lei,WEI Ying-jie,WANG Cong,et al.Experimental and numerical investigation on the flow structure and instability of water-entry cavity by a semi-closed cylinder[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2017,66(6):167-181.(in Chinese)
[18]陈鑫.通气空泡流研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2006:56-59.CHEN Xin.An investigation of the ventilated cavitating flow[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2006:56-59.(in Chinese)
[19]潘展程.通气超空泡流动结构与稳定性研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2013:13-21.PAN Zhan-cheng.Study on the stability and flow structure of ventilated supercavitating flow[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2013:13-21.(in Chinese)
[20]Nesteruk I.Shape of slender axisymmetric ventilated supercavities[J].Journal of Computational Engineering,2014,501590:1-18.