海上稠油蒸汽吞吐开采技术实践及认识
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摘要
渤海油田稠油资源丰富,地层内粘度高于350 mPa·s的稠油冷采开发产能低、采收率低,难以满足海上高效开发要求。为探索海上规模化高效热采技术,以LD油田明化镇组稠油为靶区,开辟首个海上蒸汽吞吐先导试验区。与陆地不同,试验区具有以下特点:天然能量开发有一定产能(20 m~3/d)、井距大(400 m)、井控大(45×10~4 m~3)、水平井开发等。根据开发难易程度,进行了储量品质分类研究,建立了底水和边水油藏均质模型,研究了蒸汽吞吐的布井界限,设计了12口热采井整体方案,并从2014年分步实施。目前有两口井已分别进入第二轮和第三轮吞吐。由于海上开发的经济性要求、开采特点等与陆地不同,在现行蒸汽吞吐效果评价标准基础上,增加了热采有效期等具有海上特色的评价指标,总结了海上多轮次蒸汽吞吐开发规律,并积累了降低稠油乳化风险的经验。试验区取得的认识及成果对海上稠油后续规模化高效开发具有重要指导意义。
Bohai Oilfield is rich in heavy oil resources,and the cold recovery of heavy oil with viscosity higher than 350 mPa·s in formation is low,so it is difficult to meet the requirements of efficient offshore development.In order to explore the largescale and efficient thermal recovery technology at sea,the first pilot test area of offshore steam huff and puff was opened up by taking the heavy oil of Minghuazhen formation in LD Oilfield as the target area.Different from land,the test area has the following characteristics:natural energy development has a certain productivity(20 m~3/d),large well spacing(400 m),large well control(45×10~4 m~3),horizontal well development,etc.According to the difficulty degree of development,the classification of reserves quality was carried out.The homogeneous model of bottom water and edge water reservoirs was established.The well layout boundary of steam huff and puff was studied,and the overall scheme of 12 thermal recovery wells was designed,which was implemented step by step from 2014.At present,two wells have entered the second and third rounds of huff and puff respectively.Due to the different economic requirements and recovery characteristics of offshore development from those of the land,the evaluation indexes with marine characteristics such as the validity period of thermal recovery are added on the basis of the existing evaluation standards for steam huff and puff effect.The development rules of steam huff and puff with multiple rounds at sea were summarized,and the experience of reducing the risk of heavy oil emulsification was accumulated.The understanding and results obtained in the test area are of great guiding significance to the follow-up largescale and efficient development of offshore heavy oil.
Bohai Oilfield is rich in heavy oil resources,and the cold recovery of heavy oil with viscosity higher than 350 mPa·s in formation is low,so it is difficult to meet the requirements of efficient offshore development.In order to explore the largescale and efficient thermal recovery technology at sea,the first pilot test area of offshore steam huff and puff was opened up by taking the heavy oil of Minghuazhen formation in LD Oilfield as the target area.Different from land,the test area has the following characteristics:natural energy development has a certain productivity(20 m~3/d),large well spacing(400 m),large well control(45×10~4 m~3),horizontal well development,etc.According to the difficulty degree of development,the classification of reserves quality was carried out.The homogeneous model of bottom water and edge water reservoirs was established.The well layout boundary of steam huff and puff was studied,and the overall scheme of 12 thermal recovery wells was designed,which was implemented step by step from 2014.At present,two wells have entered the second and third rounds of huff and puff respectively.Due to the different economic requirements and recovery characteristics of offshore development from those of the land,the evaluation indexes with marine characteristics such as the validity period of thermal recovery are added on the basis of the existing evaluation standards for steam huff and puff effect.The development rules of steam huff and puff with multiple rounds at sea were summarized,and the experience of reducing the risk of heavy oil emulsification was accumulated.The understanding and results obtained in the test area are of great guiding significance to the follow-up largescale and efficient development of offshore heavy oil.
引文
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[17]王磊,袁忠超,郑伟,等.渤海油田稠油多元热流体热采有效期确定[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2016,18(6):17-19.WANG Lei,YUAN Zhongchao,ZHENG Wei,et al.The method of determining validity of multi-thermal fluid development in Bohai heavy oilfield[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(Natural Sciences Edition),2016,18(6):17-19.
[18]冯明强.海上埕岛油田原油乳化特性及防治[J].油气田地面工程,2013,32(2):16-17.FENG Mingqiang.Characteristics and prevention of emulsification of crude oil in offshore Chengdao oilfield[J].Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering,2013,32(2):16-17.
[19]LI Mingyuan,XU Mingjin,MA Yu,et al.Interfacial film properties of asphaltenes and resins[J].Fuel,2002,81(14):1847-1853.
[20]LI Mingyuan,GUO Jixiang,LIN Meiqin.Studies on properties of interfacial active fractions from crude and their effect on stability of crude emulsions[J].Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology,2006,27(5):677-687.
[21]CHRISTOPHE D,DAVID A,ANNE S Q.Stability of water/crude oil emulsions based on interfacial dilatational rheology[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2006,297(2):785-791.
[2]张彩旗,刘东,潘广明,等.海上稠油多元热流体吞吐效果评价研究及应用[J].油气藏评价与开发,2016,6(2):33-36,50.ZHANG Caiqi,LIU Dong,PAN Guangming,et al.Effect evaluation and its application of multi thermal fluids stimulation for offshore heavy oil reservoir[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2016,6(2):33-36,50.
[3]陈建波.海上深薄层稠油油田多元热流体吞吐研究[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(2):97-100.CHEN Jianbo.Study on multi thermal fluids stimulation of offshore deep and thin layer heavy oilfield[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoris,2016,23(2):97-100.
[4]张风义,许万坤,吴婷婷,等.海上多元热流体吞吐提高采收率机理及油藏适应性研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2014,21(4):75-78.ZHANG Fengyi,XU Wankun,WU Tingting,et al.Study on recovery ratio mechanism and reservoir adaptability of offshore multi thermal fluid throughput[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2014,21(4):75-78.
[5]刘小鸿,张风义,黄凯,等.南堡35-2海上稠油油田热采初探[J].油气藏评价与开发,2011,34(1):61-63.LIU Xiaohong,ZHANG Fengyi,HUANG Kai,et al.Discussion about the thermal recovery of NB35-2offshore heavy oilfield[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2011,34(1):61-63.
[6]姜伟.加拿大稠油开发技术现状及我国渤海稠油开发新技术应用思考[J].中国海上油气,2006,18(2):123-125.JIANG Wei.The viscous oil development technology in Canada and considerations of new technology for developing viscous oil in Bohai Sea,China[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2006,18(2):123-125.
[7]唐晓旭,马跃,孙永涛.海上稠油多元热流体吞吐工艺研究及现场试验[J].中国海上油气,2011,23(3):185-188.TANG Xiaoxu,MA Yue,SUN Yongtao.Research and field test of complex thermal fluid huff and puff technology for offshore viscous oil recovery[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2011,23(3):185-188.
[8]于连东.世界稠油资源的分布及其开采技术的现状与展望[J].特种油气藏,2001,8(2):98-103.YU Liandong.Distribution of world heavy oil reserves and its exploitation technologies status and prospect[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2001,8(2):98-103.
[9]李鹏华.稠油开采技术现状与展望[J].油气田地面工程,2009,28(2):9-10.LI Penghua.Current status and prospect of heavy oil recovery technology[J].Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering,2009,28(2):9-10.
[10]汤明光,裴海华,张贵才,等.普通稠油化学驱油技术现状及发展趋势[J].断块油气田,2012,19(增刊1):44-48.TANG Mingguang,PEI Haihua,ZHANG Guicai,et al.Present situation and development trend on chemical flooding of conventional heavy oil[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2012,19(s1):44-48.
[11]李锦超,王磊,丁保东,等.稠油热/化学驱油技术现状及发展趋势[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,25(4):36-40.LI Jinchao,WANG Lei,DING Baodong,et al.Present situation and development trend of the thermal/chemical flooding technology of heavy oil[J].Journal of Xi′an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2010,25(4):36-40.
[12]周守为.中国近海典型油田开发理论与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009.ZHOU Shouwei.Theory and application of typical offshore oilfield development in China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009.
[13]周守为.海上油田高效开发技术探索与实践[J].中国工程科学,2009,11(10):55-60.ZHOU Shouwei.Exploration and practice of offshore oilfield effective development technology[J].Strategic Study of CAE,2009,11(10):55-60.
[14]李延杰,张艳玉,张贤松,等.海上稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐周期注汽量优化研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2014,21(5):87-89.LI Yanjie,ZHANG Yanyu,ZHANG Xiansong,et al.Cyclic steam injection volume optimization of steam huff and puff in offshore heavy oil reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2014,21(5):87-89.
[15]张顺利,许卫华.蒸汽吞吐油藏主要开发指标评价新探[J].河南石油,2006,20(2):45-47.ZHANG Shunli,XU Weihua.New appraisal on major indexes of heavy oil production in steam soak reservoir[J].Henan Petroleum,2006,20(2):45-47.
[16]杜殿发,王青,师耀利,等.稠油热采开发效果的模糊综合评价模型[J].新疆石油地质,2012,33(3):331-333.DU Dianfa,WANG Qing,SHI Yaoli,et al.A fuzzy judgment model for thermal recovery effect of heavy oil reservoir[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2012,33(3):331-333.
[17]王磊,袁忠超,郑伟,等.渤海油田稠油多元热流体热采有效期确定[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2016,18(6):17-19.WANG Lei,YUAN Zhongchao,ZHENG Wei,et al.The method of determining validity of multi-thermal fluid development in Bohai heavy oilfield[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(Natural Sciences Edition),2016,18(6):17-19.
[18]冯明强.海上埕岛油田原油乳化特性及防治[J].油气田地面工程,2013,32(2):16-17.FENG Mingqiang.Characteristics and prevention of emulsification of crude oil in offshore Chengdao oilfield[J].Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering,2013,32(2):16-17.
[19]LI Mingyuan,XU Mingjin,MA Yu,et al.Interfacial film properties of asphaltenes and resins[J].Fuel,2002,81(14):1847-1853.
[20]LI Mingyuan,GUO Jixiang,LIN Meiqin.Studies on properties of interfacial active fractions from crude and their effect on stability of crude emulsions[J].Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology,2006,27(5):677-687.
[21]CHRISTOPHE D,DAVID A,ANNE S Q.Stability of water/crude oil emulsions based on interfacial dilatational rheology[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2006,297(2):785-791.