地下盐穴储气库盐岩热损伤机理
|
摘要
基于变质量热力学原理,建立盐穴储气库注采过程中的工程热力学分析数学模型,给出了单个注气和采气过程中温度和压力随时间变化的解析解,作为数值模拟的边界条件。根据金坛储气库的基本数据和盐岩实验研究参数,利用COMSOL Multiphysics有限元软件建立单腔盐穴注采过程的温度—应力耦合模型,模拟恒定注采速率下盐腔围岩的拉伸损伤、剪切损伤和膨胀损伤分布情况,研究夹层和热应力对围岩损伤的影响。基于热应力理论,结合模拟结果分析盐穴储气库注、采气过程中围岩的热损伤机理。模拟结果表明:在热应力存在的情况下,夹层的存在促进了围岩损伤的产生,无夹层时围岩无损伤发生,有夹层时围岩存在损伤;注气过程和采气过程的损伤发生位置存在差别:注气过程损伤多发生在夹层附近的盐岩中,采气过程损伤多发生在夹层中;膨胀损伤的范围最广,且损伤范围覆盖了前2种损伤,因此实际生产过程中推荐使用膨胀损伤判据,损伤评价结果更为保守。
Based on variable mass thermodynamic principle,a mathematical model of thermal analysis is proposed for gas injection and production process in salt cavern gas storage.Then an analytical solution is provided for temperature and pressure variation with time during single gas injection and production process,which can be set as boundary conditions of numerical simulation.According to the basic data of Jintan underground gas storage and the rock salt properties acquired from experiments,a thermal-mechanical coupling model is established for gas injection and recovery process in one single salt cavern by using the finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics FEM.Through simulating the distribution of tensile damage,shear damage and expansion damage of the surrounding rock in salt cavern under constant injection-production rate,this study investigates the influence of interlayer and thermal stress on the damage of surrounding rock.Based on the thermal stress theory in combination with simulation results,this study analyzes the thermal damage mechanism of surrounding rock during the injection-production process in salt cavern gas storage.The simulation results indicate that in the presence of thermal stress,the interlayer can promote the damage of surrounding rock.There is no damage in the surrounding rock in case of no interlayer,while the surrounding rock is damaged when the interlayer exists.There is a difference in the location of damage during gas injection and production process.The damage during gas injection process often occurs in the salt rock near the interlayer,while the damage during gas production process often occurs in the interlayer.The expansion damage is distributed most widely,and the damage range covers the first two kinds of damage.Therefore,it is recommended to use the criterion of expansion damage in the actual production process,and the results of damage evaluation are more conservative.
Based on variable mass thermodynamic principle,a mathematical model of thermal analysis is proposed for gas injection and production process in salt cavern gas storage.Then an analytical solution is provided for temperature and pressure variation with time during single gas injection and production process,which can be set as boundary conditions of numerical simulation.According to the basic data of Jintan underground gas storage and the rock salt properties acquired from experiments,a thermal-mechanical coupling model is established for gas injection and recovery process in one single salt cavern by using the finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics FEM.Through simulating the distribution of tensile damage,shear damage and expansion damage of the surrounding rock in salt cavern under constant injection-production rate,this study investigates the influence of interlayer and thermal stress on the damage of surrounding rock.Based on the thermal stress theory in combination with simulation results,this study analyzes the thermal damage mechanism of surrounding rock during the injection-production process in salt cavern gas storage.The simulation results indicate that in the presence of thermal stress,the interlayer can promote the damage of surrounding rock.There is no damage in the surrounding rock in case of no interlayer,while the surrounding rock is damaged when the interlayer exists.There is a difference in the location of damage during gas injection and production process.The damage during gas injection process often occurs in the salt rock near the interlayer,while the damage during gas production process often occurs in the interlayer.The expansion damage is distributed most widely,and the damage range covers the first two kinds of damage.Therefore,it is recommended to use the criterion of expansion damage in the actual production process,and the results of damage evaluation are more conservative.
引文
[1]蒋敏,檀朝东,李隽,等.储气库井油套环空注保护液和氮气柱对比[J].石油学报,2017,38(10):1210-1216.JIANG Min,TAN Chaodong,LI Jun,et al.Comparisons between protection fluid and nitrogen column in tube-casing annulus of gas storage wells[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(10):1210-1216.
[2]HAGOORT J.Simulation of production and injection performance of gas storage caverns in salt formations[J].SPE Reservoir Engineering,1994,9(4):278-282.
[3]谭羽非,陈家新,肖湘俊.盐穴地下储气库注采过程热工参数的计算[J].油气储运,2004,23(5):16-18.TAN Yufei,CHEN Jiaxin,XIAO Xiangjun.Calculation of thermodynamic parameter about gas storage cavern in salt formation[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2004,23(5):16-18.
[4]丁国生.金坛盐穴储气库单腔库容计算及运行动态模拟[J].油气储运,2007,26(1):23-27.DING Guosheng.Calculation and operating simulation on the single cavern storage capacity for Jintan cavern gas storage[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2007,26(1):23-27.
[5]喻超.含夹层盐穴储气库稳定性数值模拟研究[D].武汉:武汉工业学院,2012.YU Chao.Numerical simulation study on stability of interbedded salt rock gas storage[D].Wuhan:Wuhan Polytechnic University,2012.
[6]肖强.盐穴地下储气库运营期长期稳定性研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2015.XIAO Qiang.Study on long-term stability of salt cavern underground gas storage during operation[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2015.
[7]李建君,敖海兵,巴金红,等.热应力对盐穴储气库稳定性的影响[J].油气储运,2017,36(9):1007-1012,1018.LI Jianjun,AO Haibing,BA Jinhong,et al.Influence of thermal stress on the stability of salt-cavern gas storage[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(9):1007-1012,1018.
[8]严宗达,王洪礼.热应力[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1993:76-81.YAN Zongda,WANG Hongli.Thermal stress[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1993:76-81.
[9]敖海兵,陈加松,胡志鹏,等.盐穴储气库运行损伤评价体系[J].油气储运,2017,36(8):910-917,936.AO Haibing,CHEN Jiasong,HU Zhipeng,et al.Study on the damage assessment system of salt-cavern gas storage[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(8):910-917,936.
[10]Karimi-Jafari M,Gatelier N,Brouard B,et al.Multi-cycle gas storage in salt caverns[C]∥SMRI Fall 2011 Technical Conference.York,United Kingdom:[s.n.],2011:1-19.
[11]吴沛宜,马元同.变质量系统热力学及其应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1983:26-39.WU Peiyi,MA Yuantong.The thermodynamics and application of variable mass system[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1983:26-39.
[12]汪肖宇.盐穴储气库注采运行时温效应研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2015.WANG Xiaoyu.Study on the time temperature effect of injection and production operation of salt cavern gas storage[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum,2015.
[13]林日亿,李兆敏.井筒中蒸汽-氮气混合物流动与换热规律[J].石油学报,2010,31(3):506-510.LIN Riyi,LI Zhaomin.Flow features and heat exchange laws of steam-nitrogen mixture in thermal recovery wellbore[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(3):506-510.
[14]丁国生,张昱文.盐穴地下储气库[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010:4,153.DING Guosheng,ZHANG Yuwen.Underground gas storage in salt cavern[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2010:4,153.
[15]谭羽非.天然气地下储气库技术及数值模拟[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007:119-121.TAN Yufei.Technology and numerical simulation of underground natural gas storage[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2007:119-121.
[16]王宁,孙宝江,刘书杰,等.井筒内气体扩散侵入定量计算模型[J].石油学报,2017,38(9):1082-1090.WANG Ning,SUN Baojiang,LIU Shujie,et al.Quantitative calculation model of diffusion gas influx in wellbore[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(9):1082-1090.
[17]刘天乐,郑少军,王韧,等.固井水泥浆侵入对近井壁水合物稳定的不利影响[J].石油学报,2018,39(8):937-946.LIU Tianle,ZHENG Shaojun,WANG Ren,et al.Negative effect of cementing slurry invasion on gas hydrate stability around borehole wall[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(8):937-946.
[18]杨春和,梁卫国,魏东吼,等.中国盐岩能源地下储存可行性研究[J].岩土力学与工程力学,2005,24(24):4409-4417.YANG Chunhe,LIANG Weiguo,WEI Donghao,et al.Investigation on possibility of energy storage in salt rock in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(24):4409-4417.
[19]杨春和,周宏伟,李银平.大型盐穴储气库群灾变机理与防护[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.YANG Chunhe,ZHOU Hongwei,LI Yinping.Catastrophic mechanism and protection of large salt cave gas storage group[M].Beijing:Science Press,2014.
[20]王贵君.盐岩油气储库与核废料处置库力学问题研究新进展[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.WANG Guijun.New progress in research on mechanical problems of salt rock reservoirs and nuclear waste repositories[M].Beijing:Science Press,2013.
[21]王安明.层状盐岩变形机理及非线性蠕变本构模型[D].武汉:中国科学院,2008.WANG Anming.The deformation mechanism and nonlinear creep constitutive model of bedded salt rock[D].Wuhan:Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008.
[22]王韧,宁伏龙,刘天乐,等.游离甲烷气在井筒内形成水合物的动态模拟[J].石油学报,2017,38(8):963-972.WANG Ren,NING Fulong,LIU Tianle,et al.Dynamic simulation of hydrate formed from free methane gas in borehole[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(8):963-972.
[2]HAGOORT J.Simulation of production and injection performance of gas storage caverns in salt formations[J].SPE Reservoir Engineering,1994,9(4):278-282.
[3]谭羽非,陈家新,肖湘俊.盐穴地下储气库注采过程热工参数的计算[J].油气储运,2004,23(5):16-18.TAN Yufei,CHEN Jiaxin,XIAO Xiangjun.Calculation of thermodynamic parameter about gas storage cavern in salt formation[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2004,23(5):16-18.
[4]丁国生.金坛盐穴储气库单腔库容计算及运行动态模拟[J].油气储运,2007,26(1):23-27.DING Guosheng.Calculation and operating simulation on the single cavern storage capacity for Jintan cavern gas storage[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2007,26(1):23-27.
[5]喻超.含夹层盐穴储气库稳定性数值模拟研究[D].武汉:武汉工业学院,2012.YU Chao.Numerical simulation study on stability of interbedded salt rock gas storage[D].Wuhan:Wuhan Polytechnic University,2012.
[6]肖强.盐穴地下储气库运营期长期稳定性研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2015.XIAO Qiang.Study on long-term stability of salt cavern underground gas storage during operation[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2015.
[7]李建君,敖海兵,巴金红,等.热应力对盐穴储气库稳定性的影响[J].油气储运,2017,36(9):1007-1012,1018.LI Jianjun,AO Haibing,BA Jinhong,et al.Influence of thermal stress on the stability of salt-cavern gas storage[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(9):1007-1012,1018.
[8]严宗达,王洪礼.热应力[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1993:76-81.YAN Zongda,WANG Hongli.Thermal stress[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1993:76-81.
[9]敖海兵,陈加松,胡志鹏,等.盐穴储气库运行损伤评价体系[J].油气储运,2017,36(8):910-917,936.AO Haibing,CHEN Jiasong,HU Zhipeng,et al.Study on the damage assessment system of salt-cavern gas storage[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2017,36(8):910-917,936.
[10]Karimi-Jafari M,Gatelier N,Brouard B,et al.Multi-cycle gas storage in salt caverns[C]∥SMRI Fall 2011 Technical Conference.York,United Kingdom:[s.n.],2011:1-19.
[11]吴沛宜,马元同.变质量系统热力学及其应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1983:26-39.WU Peiyi,MA Yuantong.The thermodynamics and application of variable mass system[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1983:26-39.
[12]汪肖宇.盐穴储气库注采运行时温效应研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2015.WANG Xiaoyu.Study on the time temperature effect of injection and production operation of salt cavern gas storage[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum,2015.
[13]林日亿,李兆敏.井筒中蒸汽-氮气混合物流动与换热规律[J].石油学报,2010,31(3):506-510.LIN Riyi,LI Zhaomin.Flow features and heat exchange laws of steam-nitrogen mixture in thermal recovery wellbore[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(3):506-510.
[14]丁国生,张昱文.盐穴地下储气库[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010:4,153.DING Guosheng,ZHANG Yuwen.Underground gas storage in salt cavern[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2010:4,153.
[15]谭羽非.天然气地下储气库技术及数值模拟[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007:119-121.TAN Yufei.Technology and numerical simulation of underground natural gas storage[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2007:119-121.
[16]王宁,孙宝江,刘书杰,等.井筒内气体扩散侵入定量计算模型[J].石油学报,2017,38(9):1082-1090.WANG Ning,SUN Baojiang,LIU Shujie,et al.Quantitative calculation model of diffusion gas influx in wellbore[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(9):1082-1090.
[17]刘天乐,郑少军,王韧,等.固井水泥浆侵入对近井壁水合物稳定的不利影响[J].石油学报,2018,39(8):937-946.LIU Tianle,ZHENG Shaojun,WANG Ren,et al.Negative effect of cementing slurry invasion on gas hydrate stability around borehole wall[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(8):937-946.
[18]杨春和,梁卫国,魏东吼,等.中国盐岩能源地下储存可行性研究[J].岩土力学与工程力学,2005,24(24):4409-4417.YANG Chunhe,LIANG Weiguo,WEI Donghao,et al.Investigation on possibility of energy storage in salt rock in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(24):4409-4417.
[19]杨春和,周宏伟,李银平.大型盐穴储气库群灾变机理与防护[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.YANG Chunhe,ZHOU Hongwei,LI Yinping.Catastrophic mechanism and protection of large salt cave gas storage group[M].Beijing:Science Press,2014.
[20]王贵君.盐岩油气储库与核废料处置库力学问题研究新进展[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.WANG Guijun.New progress in research on mechanical problems of salt rock reservoirs and nuclear waste repositories[M].Beijing:Science Press,2013.
[21]王安明.层状盐岩变形机理及非线性蠕变本构模型[D].武汉:中国科学院,2008.WANG Anming.The deformation mechanism and nonlinear creep constitutive model of bedded salt rock[D].Wuhan:Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008.
[22]王韧,宁伏龙,刘天乐,等.游离甲烷气在井筒内形成水合物的动态模拟[J].石油学报,2017,38(8):963-972.WANG Ren,NING Fulong,LIU Tianle,et al.Dynamic simulation of hydrate formed from free methane gas in borehole[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(8):963-972.