华北西部贺兰山中段黄旗口花岗岩成因及地质意义
|
摘要
华北克拉通孔兹岩带内发育类型复杂的各类岩石,是记录和反演华北西部早期块体拼合以及岩浆作用、变质演化的重要对象,而其中段发育的出露面积广阔、岩性复杂的黄旗口花岗岩体的研究还较为薄弱.在野外地质和岩相学研究基础上,主要报道了贺兰山中段黄旗口花岗岩的主、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素组成,对岩体的源区特征、成因及地质意义进行了探讨.黄旗口复式花岗岩体主要由早期正长花岗岩、二长花岗岩和晚期英云闪长岩组成.两期岩体具有高K_2O(2.97%～6.71%)含量,A/CNK均大于1.1,但晚期侵入单元较早期岩石更贫硅、富铝.两期岩体都表现为轻稀土富集、Eu负异常的特点,且强烈富集K、Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素.岩石~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始比值变化范围较大,可能是后期改造的结果;ε_(Nd)(t)变化在+1.81～+4.90,对应的Nd同位素模式年龄TDM1为2.10～2.37Ga,TDM2为2.10～2.35Ga.这些特征表明黄旗口岩体为S型花岗岩,可能来自该区归属于孔兹岩的赵池沟组岩系的部分熔融,并可能有地幔岩浆的参与.结合区域变质、岩浆事件的综合研究成果,认为黄旗口不同期次的花岗岩具有造山带花岗岩的特征,分别形成于阴山地块和鄂尔多斯地块碰撞拼合以及造山后伸展的不同阶段.
Widespread rocks in the khondalite belt record magmatism,metamorphism and tectonic evolution of the North China craton(NCC).Whereas the further research on Huangqikou granitic plutons exposed in the central Helanshan area is needed to offer information about the genetic mechanisms and the dynamic backgroud.Based on the field geological and petrographic studies,major,trace elements and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions were carried out on the Huangqikou granitic plutons,so as to discuss their petrogenesis,source characteristics and geological significance.The early intruded Huangqikou granites consist of alkali granite and monzogranite,while the later intrusions are mainly tonalite.The Huangqikou granites display typical geochemical characteristics of S-type granite,such as high contents of K_2 O(2.97%-6.71%),A/CNK>1.1.However,the later intrusions generally show lower SiO_2 and higher Al_2O_3 relative to those early ones.All the studied granitic rocks show enriched LREE,and negative Eu anomalies.The samples generally show similar variation trend in the trace-element patterns,such as systematic enrichment of LILE(K,Rb,Th)and depletion of HFSE,e.g.Nb,Ta,P,Ti.All these geochemical features,combined with the majority of positiveε_(Nd)(t)(+1.81-+4.90)and Paleoproterozoic Nd model ages(TDM1=2.10-2.37 Ga,TDM2=2.10-2.35 Ga),suggest that the Huangqikou granites were mainly derived from the partial melting of the sedimentary rocks in the Zhaochigou Formation,but probably with minor mafic magma contributed from the mantle.Combined with previous regional metamorphic and magmatic studies,it is suggested that the early and later intruded granitic rocks in the Huangqikou region belong to orogenic granitoids,and were probably formed during the collision between the Ordos and Yinshan blocks and post-collisional extension setting,respectively.
Widespread rocks in the khondalite belt record magmatism,metamorphism and tectonic evolution of the North China craton(NCC).Whereas the further research on Huangqikou granitic plutons exposed in the central Helanshan area is needed to offer information about the genetic mechanisms and the dynamic backgroud.Based on the field geological and petrographic studies,major,trace elements and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions were carried out on the Huangqikou granitic plutons,so as to discuss their petrogenesis,source characteristics and geological significance.The early intruded Huangqikou granites consist of alkali granite and monzogranite,while the later intrusions are mainly tonalite.The Huangqikou granites display typical geochemical characteristics of S-type granite,such as high contents of K_2 O(2.97%-6.71%),A/CNK>1.1.However,the later intrusions generally show lower SiO_2 and higher Al_2O_3 relative to those early ones.All the studied granitic rocks show enriched LREE,and negative Eu anomalies.The samples generally show similar variation trend in the trace-element patterns,such as systematic enrichment of LILE(K,Rb,Th)and depletion of HFSE,e.g.Nb,Ta,P,Ti.All these geochemical features,combined with the majority of positiveε_(Nd)(t)(+1.81-+4.90)and Paleoproterozoic Nd model ages(TDM1=2.10-2.37 Ga,TDM2=2.10-2.35 Ga),suggest that the Huangqikou granites were mainly derived from the partial melting of the sedimentary rocks in the Zhaochigou Formation,but probably with minor mafic magma contributed from the mantle.Combined with previous regional metamorphic and magmatic studies,it is suggested that the early and later intruded granitic rocks in the Huangqikou region belong to orogenic granitoids,and were probably formed during the collision between the Ordos and Yinshan blocks and post-collisional extension setting,respectively.
引文
Barbarin,B.,1999.A Review of the Relationships between Granitoid Types,Their Origins and Their Geodynamic Environments.Lithos,46(3):605-626.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-4937(98)00085-1
Chappell,B.W.,1999.Aluminium Saturation in I-and S-Type Granites and the Characterization of Fractionated Haplogranites.Lithos,46(3):535-551.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-4937(98)00086-3
Dan,W.,Li,X.H.,Guo,J.H.,et al.,2012.Integrated In-Situ Zircon U-Pb Age and Hf-O Isotopes for the Helanshan Khondalites in North China Craton:Juvenile Crustal Materials Deposited in Active or Passive Continental Margin?Precambrian Research,222/223:143-158.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2011.07.016
Dan,W.,Li,X.H.,Wang,Q.,et al.,2014.Paleoproterozoic S-Type Granites in the Helanshan Complex,Khondalite Belt,North China Craton:Implications for Rapid Sediment Recycling during Slab Break-off.Precambrian Research,254:59-72.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2014.07.024
Dong,C.Y.,Wan,Y.S.,Wilde,S.A.,et al.,2014.Earliest Paleoproterozoic Supracrustal Rocks in the North China Craton Recognized from the Daqingshan Area of the Khondalite Belt:Constraints on Craton Evolution.Gondwana Research,25(4):1535-1553.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2013.05.021
Dong,C.Y.,Wan,Y.S.,Xu,Z.Y.,et al.,2013.SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Dating of Late Paleoproterozoic Kondalites in the Daqing Mountains Area on the North China Craton.Scientia Sinica Terrae,56(1).https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-012-4459-3
Geng,Y.S.,Zhou,X.W.,Wang,X.S.,et al.,2009.Late-Paleoproterozoic Granite Events and Their Geological Significance in Helanshan Area,Inner Mongolia:Evidence from Geochronology.Acta Petrologica Sinica,25(8):1830-1842(in Chinese with English abstract).
Guo,J.H.,Peng,P.,Chen,Y.,et al.,2012.UHT Sapphirine Granulite Metamorphism at 1.93-1.92Ga Caused by Gabbronorite Intrusions:Implications for Tectonic Evolution of the Northern Margin of the North China Craton.Precambrian Research,222/223:124-142.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2011.07.020
King,P.L.,White,A.J.R.,Chappell,B.W.,et al.,1997.Characterization and Origin of Aluminous A-Type Granites from the Lachlan Fold Belt,Southeastern Australia.Journal of Petrology,38(3):371-391.https://doi.org/10.1093/petroj/38.3.371
Li,H.Y.,Song,X.H.,Guo,H.W.,et al.,2010.Geological and Geochemical Features and Ore Genesis of the Niutougou Gold Deposit in the Northern Helan Shan Mountains,Ningxia.Geology and Exploration,46(6):1036-1044(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,L.M.,Zeng,Z.X.,Lu,Y.J.,et al.,2014.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Geochronology of Detrital Zircons from the Zhaochigou Formation-Complex in the Helan Mountain and Its Tectonic Significance.Chinese Science Bulletin,59(13):1425-1437.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-014-0180-2
Li,Z.H.,Liu,X.M.,Dong,Y.P.,et al.,2013.Geochemistry and Zircon U-Pb Age of the Paleoproterozoic SynCollisional Granites in Helanshan Region and Its Geological Significance.Acta Petrologica Sinica,29(7):2405-2415(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liao,Z.L.,Mo,X.X.,Pan,G.T.,et al.,2006.Petrochemistry Characteristic and Petrogenesis of Peraluminous Granite in the Tibet.Acta Geologica Sinica,80(9):1329-1341(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ling,W.L.,Duan,R.C.,Xie,X.J.,et al.,2009.Contrasting Geochemistry of the Cretaceous Volcanic Suites in Shandong Province and Its Implications for the Mesozoic Lower Crust Delamination in the Eastern North China Craton.Lithos,113(3-4):640-658.
Liu,S.J.,Dong,C.Y.,Xu,Z.Y.,et al.,2013.Palaeoproterozoic Episodic Magmatism and High-Grade Metamorphism in the North China Craton:Evidence from SHRIMP Zircon Dating of Magmatic Suites in the Daqingshan Area.Geological Journal,48(5):429-455.https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.2453
Liu,Y.S.,Zong,K.Q.,Kelemen,P.B.,et al.,2008.Geochemistry and Magmatic History of Eclogites and Ultramafic Rocks from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drill Hole:Subduction and Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism of Lower Crustal Cumulates.Chemical Geology,247(1-2):133-153.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.10.016
Lu,L.Z.,Xu,X.C.,Liu,F.L.,1996.The Precambrian Khondalite Series in Northern China.Changchun Publishing House,Changchun(in Chinese).
Maniar,P.D.,Piccoli,P.M.,1989.Tectonic Discrimination of Granitoids.Geological Society of America Bulletin,101(5):635-643.https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1989)1010635:tdog>2.3.co;2
Middlemost,E.A.K.,1994.Naming Materials in the Magma/Igneous Rock System.Earth-Science Reviews,37(3-4):215-224.https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(94)90029-9
Miller,C.F.,McDowell,S.M.,Mapes,R.W.,2003.Hot and Cold Granites?Implications of Zircon Saturation Temperatures and Preservation of Inheritance.Geology,31(6):529-532.https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)0310529:hacgio>2.0.co;2
Peng,P.,Guo,J.H.,Windley,B.F.,et al.,2012.Petrogenesis of Late Paleoproterozoic Liangcheng Charnockites and S-Type Granites in the Central-Northern Margin of the North China Craton:Implications for Ridge Subduction.Precambrian Research,222-223:107-123.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2011.06.002
Rickwood,P.C.,1989.Boundary Lines within Petrologic Diagrams Which Use Oxides of Major and Minor Elements.Lithos,22(4):247-263.https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(89)90028-5
Santosh,M.,Tsunogae,T.,Li,J.H.,et al.,2007.Discovery of Sapphirine-Bearing Mg-Al Granulites in the North China Craton:Implications for Paleoproterozoic Ultrahigh Temperature Metamorphism.Gondwana Research,11(3):263-285.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2006.10.009
Shi,Z.H.,Zhang,H.F.,Cai,H.M.,2009.Petrogenesis of Strongly Peraluminous Granites in Markan Area,Songpan Fold Belt and Its Tectonic Implication.Earth Science,34(4):569-584(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,S.S.,McDonough,W.F.,1989.Chemical and Isotopic Systematics of Oceanic Basalts:Implications for Mantle Composition and Processes.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,42(1):313-345.https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.042.01.19
Sylvester,P.J.,1998.Post-Collisional Strongly Peraluminous Granites.Lithos,45(1-4):29-44.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-4937(98)00024-3
Wan,Y.,Liu,D.,Xu,Z.,et al.,2008.Paleoproterozoic Crustally Derived Carbonate-Rich Magmatic Rocks from the Daqingshan Area,North China Craton:Geological,Petrographical,Geochronological and Geochemical(Hf,Nd,O and C)Evidence.American Journal of Science,308(3):351-378.https://doi.org/10.2475/03.2008.07
Wan,Y.S.,Geng,Y.S.,Liu,F.L.,et al.,2000.Age and Composition of the Khondalite Series of the North China Craton and Its Adjacent Area.Progress in Precambrian Research,23(4):221-237(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wan,Y.S.,Liu,D.Y.,Dong,C.Y.,et al.,2009.The Precambrian Khondalite Belt in the Daqingshan Area,North China Craton:Evidence for Multiple Metamorphic Events in the Palaeoproterozoic Era.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,323(1):73-97.https://doi.org/10.1144/sp323.4
Wang,C.,Meng,F.,Mao,Z.L.,2012.Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb Dating Technique for Huangqikou Granite in Helanshan Area and Its Lithogeochemical Characteristics.Ningxia Engineering Technology,11(3):206-213,219(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu,F.,Jahm,B.M.,Wilde,S.A.,et al.,2003.Highly Fractionated I-Type Granites in NE China(I):Geochronology and Petrogenesis.Lithos,66(3-4):241-273.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-4937(02)00222-0
Xia,X.,Sun,M.,Zhao,G.,et al.,2008.Paleoproterozoic Crustal Growth in the Western Block of the North China Craton:Evidence from Detrital Zircon Hf and Whole Rock Sr-Nd Isotopic Compositions of the Khondalites from the Jining Complex.American Journal of Science,308(3):304-327.https://doi.org/10.2475/03.2008.05
Xie,G.A.,Zhang,Q.L.,Ren,W.J.,et al.,2004.Discussion on Genesis of the Proterozic Bedding Granites in the Middle Part of Helanshan.Journal of Stratigraphy,28(3):276-280(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,F.C.,Sun,J.G.,Song,Y.H.,et al.,2016.SHRIMP U-Pb Age,Hf Isotope Composition and Geochemical Characteristics of Neoarchean Granitic Complex in Liaodong Lianshanguan Area,NE China.Earth Science,41(12):2008-2018(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yin,C.Q.,Zhao,G.C.,Guo,J.H.,et al.,2011.U-Pb and Hf Isotopic Study of Zircons of the Helanshan Complex:Constrains on the Evolution of the Khondalite Belt in the Western Block of the North China Craton.Lithos,122(1-2):25-38.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.010
Zhang,D.H.,Wei,J.H.,Fu,L.B.,et al.,2017.Petrogenesis and Thermal Overprint of S-Type Granites in Helanshan Region,North China Craton:Constraints on the 1.90 Ga Khondalites Decompression Melting and 1.32Ga TectonoThermal Event.Precambrian Research,303:660-672.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2017.08.016
Zhang,H.F.,Harris,N.,Parrish,R.,et al.,2004.Causes and Consequences of Protracted Melting of the Mid-Crust Exposed in the North Himalayan Antiform.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,228(1-2):195-212.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.09.031
Zhao,G.C.,Sun,M.,Wilde,S.A.,et al.,2005.Late Archean to Paleoproterozoic Evolution of the North China Craton:Key Issues Revisited.Precambrian Research,136(2):177-202.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2004.10.002
Zhao,G.C.,Wilde,S.A.,Guo,J.H.,et al.,2010.Single Zircon Grains Record Two Paleoproterozoic Collisional Events in the North China Craton.Precambrian Research,177(3/4):266-276.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2009.12.007
Zhao,G.C.,Wilde,S.A.,Sun,M.,et al.,2008.SHRIMP U-Pb Zircon Geochronology of the Huai'an Complex:Constraints on Late Archean to Paleoproterozoic Magmatic and Metamorphic Events in the Trans-North China Orogen.American Journal of Science,308(3):270-303.https://doi.org/10.2475/03.2008.04
耿元生,周喜文,王新社,等,2009.内蒙古贺兰山地区古元古代晚期的花岗岩浆事件及其地质意义:同位素年代学的证据.岩石学报,25(8):1830-1842.
李红宇,宋新华,郭合伟,等,2010.宁夏贺兰山北段牛头沟金矿地质地球化学特征和矿床成因探讨.地质与勘探,46(6):1036-1044.
李正辉,柳小明,董云鹏,等,2013.贺兰山古元古代同碰撞花岗岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代及其地质意义.岩石学报,29(7):2405-2415.
廖忠礼,莫宣学,潘桂棠,等,2006.西藏过铝花岗岩的岩石化学特征及成因探讨.地质学报,80(9):1329-1341.
卢良兆,徐学纯,刘福来,1996.中国北方早前寒武纪孔兹岩系.长春:长春出版社.
时章亮,张宏飞,蔡宏明,2009.松潘造山带马尔康强过铝质花岗岩的成因及其构造意义.地球科学,34(4):569-584.
万渝生,耿元生,刘福来,等,2000.华北克拉通及邻区孔兹岩系的时代及对太古宙基底组成的制约.前寒武纪研究进展,23(4):221-237.
王成,孟方,毛自力,2012.贺兰山黄旗口花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学特征.宁夏工程技术,11(3):206-213,219.
解国爱,张庆龙,任文军,等,2004.贺兰山中段古元古代层状花岗岩成因探讨.地层学杂志,28(3):276-280.
杨凤超,孙景贵,宋运红,等,2016.辽东连山关地区新太古代花岗杂岩SHRIMP U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及地质意义.地球科学,41(12):2008-2018.
Chappell,B.W.,1999.Aluminium Saturation in I-and S-Type Granites and the Characterization of Fractionated Haplogranites.Lithos,46(3):535-551.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-4937(98)00086-3
Dan,W.,Li,X.H.,Guo,J.H.,et al.,2012.Integrated In-Situ Zircon U-Pb Age and Hf-O Isotopes for the Helanshan Khondalites in North China Craton:Juvenile Crustal Materials Deposited in Active or Passive Continental Margin?Precambrian Research,222/223:143-158.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2011.07.016
Dan,W.,Li,X.H.,Wang,Q.,et al.,2014.Paleoproterozoic S-Type Granites in the Helanshan Complex,Khondalite Belt,North China Craton:Implications for Rapid Sediment Recycling during Slab Break-off.Precambrian Research,254:59-72.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2014.07.024
Dong,C.Y.,Wan,Y.S.,Wilde,S.A.,et al.,2014.Earliest Paleoproterozoic Supracrustal Rocks in the North China Craton Recognized from the Daqingshan Area of the Khondalite Belt:Constraints on Craton Evolution.Gondwana Research,25(4):1535-1553.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2013.05.021
Dong,C.Y.,Wan,Y.S.,Xu,Z.Y.,et al.,2013.SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Dating of Late Paleoproterozoic Kondalites in the Daqing Mountains Area on the North China Craton.Scientia Sinica Terrae,56(1).https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-012-4459-3
Geng,Y.S.,Zhou,X.W.,Wang,X.S.,et al.,2009.Late-Paleoproterozoic Granite Events and Their Geological Significance in Helanshan Area,Inner Mongolia:Evidence from Geochronology.Acta Petrologica Sinica,25(8):1830-1842(in Chinese with English abstract).
Guo,J.H.,Peng,P.,Chen,Y.,et al.,2012.UHT Sapphirine Granulite Metamorphism at 1.93-1.92Ga Caused by Gabbronorite Intrusions:Implications for Tectonic Evolution of the Northern Margin of the North China Craton.Precambrian Research,222/223:124-142.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2011.07.020
King,P.L.,White,A.J.R.,Chappell,B.W.,et al.,1997.Characterization and Origin of Aluminous A-Type Granites from the Lachlan Fold Belt,Southeastern Australia.Journal of Petrology,38(3):371-391.https://doi.org/10.1093/petroj/38.3.371
Li,H.Y.,Song,X.H.,Guo,H.W.,et al.,2010.Geological and Geochemical Features and Ore Genesis of the Niutougou Gold Deposit in the Northern Helan Shan Mountains,Ningxia.Geology and Exploration,46(6):1036-1044(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,L.M.,Zeng,Z.X.,Lu,Y.J.,et al.,2014.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Geochronology of Detrital Zircons from the Zhaochigou Formation-Complex in the Helan Mountain and Its Tectonic Significance.Chinese Science Bulletin,59(13):1425-1437.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-014-0180-2
Li,Z.H.,Liu,X.M.,Dong,Y.P.,et al.,2013.Geochemistry and Zircon U-Pb Age of the Paleoproterozoic SynCollisional Granites in Helanshan Region and Its Geological Significance.Acta Petrologica Sinica,29(7):2405-2415(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liao,Z.L.,Mo,X.X.,Pan,G.T.,et al.,2006.Petrochemistry Characteristic and Petrogenesis of Peraluminous Granite in the Tibet.Acta Geologica Sinica,80(9):1329-1341(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ling,W.L.,Duan,R.C.,Xie,X.J.,et al.,2009.Contrasting Geochemistry of the Cretaceous Volcanic Suites in Shandong Province and Its Implications for the Mesozoic Lower Crust Delamination in the Eastern North China Craton.Lithos,113(3-4):640-658.
Liu,S.J.,Dong,C.Y.,Xu,Z.Y.,et al.,2013.Palaeoproterozoic Episodic Magmatism and High-Grade Metamorphism in the North China Craton:Evidence from SHRIMP Zircon Dating of Magmatic Suites in the Daqingshan Area.Geological Journal,48(5):429-455.https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.2453
Liu,Y.S.,Zong,K.Q.,Kelemen,P.B.,et al.,2008.Geochemistry and Magmatic History of Eclogites and Ultramafic Rocks from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drill Hole:Subduction and Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism of Lower Crustal Cumulates.Chemical Geology,247(1-2):133-153.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.10.016
Lu,L.Z.,Xu,X.C.,Liu,F.L.,1996.The Precambrian Khondalite Series in Northern China.Changchun Publishing House,Changchun(in Chinese).
Maniar,P.D.,Piccoli,P.M.,1989.Tectonic Discrimination of Granitoids.Geological Society of America Bulletin,101(5):635-643.https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1989)1010635:tdog>2.3.co;2
Middlemost,E.A.K.,1994.Naming Materials in the Magma/Igneous Rock System.Earth-Science Reviews,37(3-4):215-224.https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(94)90029-9
Miller,C.F.,McDowell,S.M.,Mapes,R.W.,2003.Hot and Cold Granites?Implications of Zircon Saturation Temperatures and Preservation of Inheritance.Geology,31(6):529-532.https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2003)0310529:hacgio>2.0.co;2
Peng,P.,Guo,J.H.,Windley,B.F.,et al.,2012.Petrogenesis of Late Paleoproterozoic Liangcheng Charnockites and S-Type Granites in the Central-Northern Margin of the North China Craton:Implications for Ridge Subduction.Precambrian Research,222-223:107-123.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2011.06.002
Rickwood,P.C.,1989.Boundary Lines within Petrologic Diagrams Which Use Oxides of Major and Minor Elements.Lithos,22(4):247-263.https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(89)90028-5
Santosh,M.,Tsunogae,T.,Li,J.H.,et al.,2007.Discovery of Sapphirine-Bearing Mg-Al Granulites in the North China Craton:Implications for Paleoproterozoic Ultrahigh Temperature Metamorphism.Gondwana Research,11(3):263-285.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2006.10.009
Shi,Z.H.,Zhang,H.F.,Cai,H.M.,2009.Petrogenesis of Strongly Peraluminous Granites in Markan Area,Songpan Fold Belt and Its Tectonic Implication.Earth Science,34(4):569-584(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,S.S.,McDonough,W.F.,1989.Chemical and Isotopic Systematics of Oceanic Basalts:Implications for Mantle Composition and Processes.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,42(1):313-345.https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.042.01.19
Sylvester,P.J.,1998.Post-Collisional Strongly Peraluminous Granites.Lithos,45(1-4):29-44.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-4937(98)00024-3
Wan,Y.,Liu,D.,Xu,Z.,et al.,2008.Paleoproterozoic Crustally Derived Carbonate-Rich Magmatic Rocks from the Daqingshan Area,North China Craton:Geological,Petrographical,Geochronological and Geochemical(Hf,Nd,O and C)Evidence.American Journal of Science,308(3):351-378.https://doi.org/10.2475/03.2008.07
Wan,Y.S.,Geng,Y.S.,Liu,F.L.,et al.,2000.Age and Composition of the Khondalite Series of the North China Craton and Its Adjacent Area.Progress in Precambrian Research,23(4):221-237(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wan,Y.S.,Liu,D.Y.,Dong,C.Y.,et al.,2009.The Precambrian Khondalite Belt in the Daqingshan Area,North China Craton:Evidence for Multiple Metamorphic Events in the Palaeoproterozoic Era.Geological Society,London,Special Publications,323(1):73-97.https://doi.org/10.1144/sp323.4
Wang,C.,Meng,F.,Mao,Z.L.,2012.Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb Dating Technique for Huangqikou Granite in Helanshan Area and Its Lithogeochemical Characteristics.Ningxia Engineering Technology,11(3):206-213,219(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu,F.,Jahm,B.M.,Wilde,S.A.,et al.,2003.Highly Fractionated I-Type Granites in NE China(I):Geochronology and Petrogenesis.Lithos,66(3-4):241-273.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-4937(02)00222-0
Xia,X.,Sun,M.,Zhao,G.,et al.,2008.Paleoproterozoic Crustal Growth in the Western Block of the North China Craton:Evidence from Detrital Zircon Hf and Whole Rock Sr-Nd Isotopic Compositions of the Khondalites from the Jining Complex.American Journal of Science,308(3):304-327.https://doi.org/10.2475/03.2008.05
Xie,G.A.,Zhang,Q.L.,Ren,W.J.,et al.,2004.Discussion on Genesis of the Proterozic Bedding Granites in the Middle Part of Helanshan.Journal of Stratigraphy,28(3):276-280(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,F.C.,Sun,J.G.,Song,Y.H.,et al.,2016.SHRIMP U-Pb Age,Hf Isotope Composition and Geochemical Characteristics of Neoarchean Granitic Complex in Liaodong Lianshanguan Area,NE China.Earth Science,41(12):2008-2018(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yin,C.Q.,Zhao,G.C.,Guo,J.H.,et al.,2011.U-Pb and Hf Isotopic Study of Zircons of the Helanshan Complex:Constrains on the Evolution of the Khondalite Belt in the Western Block of the North China Craton.Lithos,122(1-2):25-38.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.010
Zhang,D.H.,Wei,J.H.,Fu,L.B.,et al.,2017.Petrogenesis and Thermal Overprint of S-Type Granites in Helanshan Region,North China Craton:Constraints on the 1.90 Ga Khondalites Decompression Melting and 1.32Ga TectonoThermal Event.Precambrian Research,303:660-672.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2017.08.016
Zhang,H.F.,Harris,N.,Parrish,R.,et al.,2004.Causes and Consequences of Protracted Melting of the Mid-Crust Exposed in the North Himalayan Antiform.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,228(1-2):195-212.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.09.031
Zhao,G.C.,Sun,M.,Wilde,S.A.,et al.,2005.Late Archean to Paleoproterozoic Evolution of the North China Craton:Key Issues Revisited.Precambrian Research,136(2):177-202.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2004.10.002
Zhao,G.C.,Wilde,S.A.,Guo,J.H.,et al.,2010.Single Zircon Grains Record Two Paleoproterozoic Collisional Events in the North China Craton.Precambrian Research,177(3/4):266-276.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2009.12.007
Zhao,G.C.,Wilde,S.A.,Sun,M.,et al.,2008.SHRIMP U-Pb Zircon Geochronology of the Huai'an Complex:Constraints on Late Archean to Paleoproterozoic Magmatic and Metamorphic Events in the Trans-North China Orogen.American Journal of Science,308(3):270-303.https://doi.org/10.2475/03.2008.04
耿元生,周喜文,王新社,等,2009.内蒙古贺兰山地区古元古代晚期的花岗岩浆事件及其地质意义:同位素年代学的证据.岩石学报,25(8):1830-1842.
李红宇,宋新华,郭合伟,等,2010.宁夏贺兰山北段牛头沟金矿地质地球化学特征和矿床成因探讨.地质与勘探,46(6):1036-1044.
李正辉,柳小明,董云鹏,等,2013.贺兰山古元古代同碰撞花岗岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代及其地质意义.岩石学报,29(7):2405-2415.
廖忠礼,莫宣学,潘桂棠,等,2006.西藏过铝花岗岩的岩石化学特征及成因探讨.地质学报,80(9):1329-1341.
卢良兆,徐学纯,刘福来,1996.中国北方早前寒武纪孔兹岩系.长春:长春出版社.
时章亮,张宏飞,蔡宏明,2009.松潘造山带马尔康强过铝质花岗岩的成因及其构造意义.地球科学,34(4):569-584.
万渝生,耿元生,刘福来,等,2000.华北克拉通及邻区孔兹岩系的时代及对太古宙基底组成的制约.前寒武纪研究进展,23(4):221-237.
王成,孟方,毛自力,2012.贺兰山黄旗口花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学特征.宁夏工程技术,11(3):206-213,219.
解国爱,张庆龙,任文军,等,2004.贺兰山中段古元古代层状花岗岩成因探讨.地层学杂志,28(3):276-280.
杨凤超,孙景贵,宋运红,等,2016.辽东连山关地区新太古代花岗杂岩SHRIMP U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及地质意义.地球科学,41(12):2008-2018.