基于最小数据集的周至县猕猴桃园地土壤质量评价
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摘要
周至县是陕西省猕猴桃种植的重要基地,也是我国猕猴桃之乡,其土壤质量的好坏严重制约着猕猴桃的质量与产量。在综合分析周至县猕猴桃产业带土壤理化性质基础上选取18个指标,建立最小数据集,对猕猴桃园地土壤质量进行评价,并分析不同种植年限园地土壤质量。结果表明,研究区土壤质量评价的最小数据集为总孔隙度、全磷、速效氮、Mg2+、全钾、有机质、含水量、速效磷和物理性黏粒9个指标。随着猕猴桃园地种植年限的增加,土壤质量呈先增长后稳定再增长的趋势。有机质、全氮、全钾、速效氮和速效磷等是制约研究区土壤质量的指标,在土壤质量评价中总权重占比达53%,而研究区土壤养分含量总体偏低;同时随种植年限的增加,土壤孔隙度和通气度逐渐降低,易形成土壤板结。因此提高猕猴桃产量与质量需要提高土壤养分质量,改变施肥结构,改善土壤结构。
Zhouzhi County is an important kiwifruit production base in Shannxi Province and even China. The soil quality seriously affects the quality and yield of kiwifruit. 18 indexes were selected based on comprehensive analysis the soil physical and chemical properties in kiwifruit orchard. Then the minimum data set( MDS) method was used to evaluate the soil quality of different planting years and the whole kiwifruit orchard. As a result,9 soil indexes( total porosity,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,Mg2+,total kalium,organic matter,water content,available phosphorus and physical clay)were suitable to soil quality assessment in study area selected into MDS. With the increasing of kiwifruit planting year,soil quality showed the trend of increase-stabilization-increase. The soil nutrients contents,such as organic matter,total nitrogen,total potassium,available nitrogen and available phosphorus were the restriction factors for soil quality,and those showed a weight ratio value of 53%. Moreover,the soil nutrient content was generally low in the study area. The results also showed that the soil porosity and ventilation were gradually decreased with planting year increasing,and may lead to soil consolidation. To improve the quality and yield of kiwifruit,it is necessary to improve soil nutrient quality,adjust fertilization structure and improve soil structure.
Zhouzhi County is an important kiwifruit production base in Shannxi Province and even China. The soil quality seriously affects the quality and yield of kiwifruit. 18 indexes were selected based on comprehensive analysis the soil physical and chemical properties in kiwifruit orchard. Then the minimum data set( MDS) method was used to evaluate the soil quality of different planting years and the whole kiwifruit orchard. As a result,9 soil indexes( total porosity,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,Mg2+,total kalium,organic matter,water content,available phosphorus and physical clay)were suitable to soil quality assessment in study area selected into MDS. With the increasing of kiwifruit planting year,soil quality showed the trend of increase-stabilization-increase. The soil nutrients contents,such as organic matter,total nitrogen,total potassium,available nitrogen and available phosphorus were the restriction factors for soil quality,and those showed a weight ratio value of 53%. Moreover,the soil nutrient content was generally low in the study area. The results also showed that the soil porosity and ventilation were gradually decreased with planting year increasing,and may lead to soil consolidation. To improve the quality and yield of kiwifruit,it is necessary to improve soil nutrient quality,adjust fertilization structure and improve soil structure.
引文
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[15]贡璐,张雪妮,冉启洋.基于最小数据集的塔里木河上游绿洲土壤质量评价[J].土壤学报,2015,52(3):682-689.[GONGLu,ZHANG Xue-ni,RAN Qi-yang.Quality Assessment of Oasis Soil in the Upper Reaches of Tarim River Based on Minimum Data Set[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2015,52(3):682-689.]
[16]李桂林,陈杰,孙志英,等.基于土壤特征和土地利用变化的土壤质量评价最小数据集确定[J].生态学报,2007,27(7):2715-2724.[LI Gui-lin,CHEN Jie,SUN Zhi-ying,et al.Establishing a Minimum Dataset for Soil Quality Assessment Based on Soil Properties and Land Use Change[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(7):2715-2724.]
[17]康婷婷,张晓佳,陈竹君,等.秦岭北麓猕猴桃园土壤养分状况研究:以周至县余家河小流域为例[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(11):159-164.[KANG Ting-ting,ZHANG Xiao-jia,CHEN Zhu-jun,et al.Soil Nutrients Status of Kiwifruit Orchards in the Northern Foothills of Qinling Mountains:ACase Study in Yujia River Catchment of Zhouzhi County[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2015,43(11):159-164.]
[18]雷宝佳,杨联安,张林森,等.猕猴桃果园土壤养分空间变异性分析:以陕西周至县为例[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2015,45(2):323-326.[LEI Bao-jia,YANG Lian-an,ZHANGLin-sen,et al.Analysis on Spatial Variability of Soil Nutrition of Kiwifruit Orchards:Taking Zhouzhi County of Shaanxi Province as a Case[J].Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition),2015,45(2):323-326.]
[19]李晓彤,岳田利,胡仲秋,等.陕西省猕猴桃园土壤重金属含量及污染风险评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(2):173-178.[LI Xiao-tong,YUE Tian-li,HU Zhongqiu,et al.Concentrations of Soil Heavy Metals in Kiwifruit Orchards in Shaanxi and Risk Evaluation[J].Journal of Northwest A&F U-niversity(Natural Science Edition),2015,43(2):173-178.]
[20]刘世珍.中华猕猴桃的营养价值[J].中国食物与营养,2003(5):47-48.[LIU Shi-zhen.Nutritive Value of Actinidia Chinensis Plamch[J].Food and Nutrition in China,2003(5):47-48.]
[21]吴士平.猕猴桃高产栽培的技术要领[J].果农之友,2003(6):45-46.
[22]桂东伟,雷加强,曾凡江,等.绿洲化进程中不同利用强度农田对土壤质量的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(7):1780-1788.[GUI Dong-wei,LEI Jia-qiang,ZENG Fan-jiang,et al.Effects of Different Management Intensities on Soil Nutrients of Farmland During Oasisization[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(7):1780-1788.]
[23]李婕羚,李朝婵,胡继伟,等.典型喀斯特山区无籽刺梨基地土壤质量评价[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(1):54-60.[LI Jieling,LI Chao-chan,HU Ji-wei,et al.Soil Quality Assessment of Rosa sterilis S.D.Shi Planting Bases in Typical Karst Mountain Region of Guizhou,China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(1):54-60.]
[2]赵娜,孟平,张劲松,等.华北低丘山地不同退耕年限刺槐人工林土壤质量评价[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):351-358.[ZHAO Na,MENG Ping,ZHANG Jin-song,et al.Soil Quality Assessment of Robinia psedudoacia Plantations With Various Ages in the Grain-for-Green Program in Hilly Area of North China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(2):351-358.]
[3]刘占锋,傅伯杰,刘国华,等.土壤质量与土壤质量指标及其评价[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):901-913.[LIU Zhan-feng,FUBo-jie,LIU Guo-hua,et al.Soil Quality:Concept,Indicators,and Its Assessment[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,26(3):901-913.]
[4]刘金山,胡承孝,孙学成,等.基于最小数据集和模糊数学法的水旱轮作区土壤肥力质量评价[J].土壤通报,2012,43(5):1145-1150.[LIU Jin-shan,HU Cheng-xiao,SUN Xue-cheng,et al.Evaluation of Soil Fertility Quality With a Minimum Data Set and Fuzzy Logic in the Paddy-Upland Rotation Region of Hubei Province[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2012,43(5):1145-1150.]
[5]黄勇,杨忠芳.土壤质量评价国外研究进展[J].地质通报,2009,28(1):130-136.[HUANG Yong,YANG Zhong-fang.Recent Research Progress of Overseas Soil Quality Evaluation[J].Geologcal Bulletin of China,2009,28(1):130-136.]
[6]ANDREWS S S,KARLEN D L,MITCHELL J P.A Comparison of Soil Quality Indexing Methods for Vegetable Production Systems in Northern California[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2002,90(1):25-45.
[7]REZAE S A,GILKES R J,ANDREWS S S.A Minimum Data Set for Assessing Soil Quality in Rangelands[J].Geoderma,2006,136(1/2):229-234.
[8]BARRIOS E,DELVE R J,BEKUNDA M,et al.Indicators of Soil Quality:A South-South Development of a Methodological Guide for Linking Local and Technical Knowledge[J].Geoderma,2006,135:248-259.
[9]VELASQUEZ E,LAVELLE P,BARRIOS E,et al.Evaluating Soil Quality in Tropical Agroecosystems of Colombia Using NIRS[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2005,37(5):889-898.
[10]GOVAERTS B,SAYRE K D,DECKERS J.A Minimum Data Set for Soil Quality Assessment of Wheat and Maize Cropping in the Highlands of Mexico[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2006,87(2):163-174.
[11]RAHMANIPOUR F,MARZAIOLI R,BAHRAMI H A,et al.Assessment of Soil Quality Indices in Agricultural Lands of Qazvin Province,Iran[J].Ecological Indicators,2014,40:19-26.
[12]VOLCHKO Y,NORMAN J,ROSEN L,et al.A Minimum Data Set for Evaluating the Ecological Soil Functions in Remediation Projects[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2014,14(11):1850-1860.
[13]邓绍欢,曾令涛,关强,等.基于最小数据集的南方地区冷浸田土壤质量评价[J].土壤学报,2016,53(5):1326-1333.[DENGShao-huan,ZENG Ling-tao,GUAN Qiang,et al.Minimum DatasetBased Soil Quality Assessment of Waterlogged Paddy Field in South China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(5):1326-1333.]
[14]吴春生,刘高焕,黄翀,等.基于MDS和模糊逻辑的黄河三角洲土壤质量评估[J].资源科学,2016,38(7):1275-1286.[WUChun-sheng,LIU Gao-huan,HUANG Chong,et al.Soil Quality Assessment of the Yellow River Delta Based on MDS and Fuzzy Logic Mode[J].Resources Science,2016,38(7):1275-1286.]
[15]贡璐,张雪妮,冉启洋.基于最小数据集的塔里木河上游绿洲土壤质量评价[J].土壤学报,2015,52(3):682-689.[GONGLu,ZHANG Xue-ni,RAN Qi-yang.Quality Assessment of Oasis Soil in the Upper Reaches of Tarim River Based on Minimum Data Set[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2015,52(3):682-689.]
[16]李桂林,陈杰,孙志英,等.基于土壤特征和土地利用变化的土壤质量评价最小数据集确定[J].生态学报,2007,27(7):2715-2724.[LI Gui-lin,CHEN Jie,SUN Zhi-ying,et al.Establishing a Minimum Dataset for Soil Quality Assessment Based on Soil Properties and Land Use Change[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(7):2715-2724.]
[17]康婷婷,张晓佳,陈竹君,等.秦岭北麓猕猴桃园土壤养分状况研究:以周至县余家河小流域为例[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(11):159-164.[KANG Ting-ting,ZHANG Xiao-jia,CHEN Zhu-jun,et al.Soil Nutrients Status of Kiwifruit Orchards in the Northern Foothills of Qinling Mountains:ACase Study in Yujia River Catchment of Zhouzhi County[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2015,43(11):159-164.]
[18]雷宝佳,杨联安,张林森,等.猕猴桃果园土壤养分空间变异性分析:以陕西周至县为例[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2015,45(2):323-326.[LEI Bao-jia,YANG Lian-an,ZHANGLin-sen,et al.Analysis on Spatial Variability of Soil Nutrition of Kiwifruit Orchards:Taking Zhouzhi County of Shaanxi Province as a Case[J].Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition),2015,45(2):323-326.]
[19]李晓彤,岳田利,胡仲秋,等.陕西省猕猴桃园土壤重金属含量及污染风险评价[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(2):173-178.[LI Xiao-tong,YUE Tian-li,HU Zhongqiu,et al.Concentrations of Soil Heavy Metals in Kiwifruit Orchards in Shaanxi and Risk Evaluation[J].Journal of Northwest A&F U-niversity(Natural Science Edition),2015,43(2):173-178.]
[20]刘世珍.中华猕猴桃的营养价值[J].中国食物与营养,2003(5):47-48.[LIU Shi-zhen.Nutritive Value of Actinidia Chinensis Plamch[J].Food and Nutrition in China,2003(5):47-48.]
[21]吴士平.猕猴桃高产栽培的技术要领[J].果农之友,2003(6):45-46.
[22]桂东伟,雷加强,曾凡江,等.绿洲化进程中不同利用强度农田对土壤质量的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(7):1780-1788.[GUI Dong-wei,LEI Jia-qiang,ZENG Fan-jiang,et al.Effects of Different Management Intensities on Soil Nutrients of Farmland During Oasisization[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(7):1780-1788.]
[23]李婕羚,李朝婵,胡继伟,等.典型喀斯特山区无籽刺梨基地土壤质量评价[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(1):54-60.[LI Jieling,LI Chao-chan,HU Ji-wei,et al.Soil Quality Assessment of Rosa sterilis S.D.Shi Planting Bases in Typical Karst Mountain Region of Guizhou,China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(1):54-60.]