陆地生态系统水分利用效率对气候变化的响应研究进展
|
摘要
气候变化显著影响陆地生态系统生产力以及水分利用格局,而水分利用效率(Water Use Efficiency,WUE)是衡量生态系统碳水耦合关系的重要指标之一。研究陆地生态系统水分利用效率对气候变化的响应,有助于深入理解生态系统的变化规律,模拟和预测生态系统碳水过程的发展状况,从而为应对全球气候变化提供新的依据。为了更好地掌握生态系统水分利用效率研究现状以及其对温度、CO_2等关键气候因子的响应情况,总结了陆地生态系统水分利用效率对气候变化响应的最新研究进展。介绍了相关的定义并归纳了两种不同计算方式的差异和特点;总结了陆地生态系统水分利用效率对大气温度、CO_2、水分、干旱以及太阳辐射等影响因素的响应;总结了目前3个相关的研究态势,主要包括:(1)长时间序列水分利用效率与气候要素的关系研究;(2)土地利用/覆被变化对水分利用效率的影响及其对气候的反馈研究;(3)多尺度水分利用效率综合研究。研究可为深入研究生态系统过程对气候变化的响应提供参考。
Climate change has a considerable impact on the productivity and water use of terrestrial ecosystems. Water use efficiency( WUE) is an important indicator to measure the tradeoff between carbon gain and water loss of terrestrial ecosystems. Studying the responses of terrestrial ecosystem WUE to climate change will help us understand the mechanism of ecosystem changes,simulate and predict the development of the ecosystem water and carbon balance,and provide a new basis for adapting to global climate change. To better understand the status of ecosystem WUE and the responses of WUE to key climate factors,such as temperature and CO_2 concentration,this study reviewed the current status and progress of the responses of terrestrial ecosystem WUE to climate change. Firstly,definitions of WUE were introduced and the differences as well as characteristics of two WUE calculation methods were summarized. Then,the responses of terrestrial ecosystem WUE to climate factors,such as temperature,CO_2 concentration,humidity,drought stress,and radiance,were elaborated.Finally,the three current research directions of WUE development were forecasted,mainly including:(1) the relationships between the long-term WUE and climate factors;(2) the impact of land-use and land-cover change on WUE and its feedback on climate; and(3) comprehensive research of multi-scale WUE. This study can provide a reference for studying the responses of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change.
Climate change has a considerable impact on the productivity and water use of terrestrial ecosystems. Water use efficiency( WUE) is an important indicator to measure the tradeoff between carbon gain and water loss of terrestrial ecosystems. Studying the responses of terrestrial ecosystem WUE to climate change will help us understand the mechanism of ecosystem changes,simulate and predict the development of the ecosystem water and carbon balance,and provide a new basis for adapting to global climate change. To better understand the status of ecosystem WUE and the responses of WUE to key climate factors,such as temperature and CO_2 concentration,this study reviewed the current status and progress of the responses of terrestrial ecosystem WUE to climate change. Firstly,definitions of WUE were introduced and the differences as well as characteristics of two WUE calculation methods were summarized. Then,the responses of terrestrial ecosystem WUE to climate factors,such as temperature,CO_2 concentration,humidity,drought stress,and radiance,were elaborated.Finally,the three current research directions of WUE development were forecasted,mainly including:(1) the relationships between the long-term WUE and climate factors;(2) the impact of land-use and land-cover change on WUE and its feedback on climate; and(3) comprehensive research of multi-scale WUE. This study can provide a reference for studying the responses of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change.
引文
[1]Leemans R,Eickhout B.Another reason for concern:regional and global impacts on ecosystems for different levels of climate change.Global Environmental Change,2004,14(3):219-228.
[2]Huang M T,Piao S L,Sun Y,Ciais P,Cheng L,Mao J F,Poulter B,Shi X Y,Zeng Z Z,Wang Y P.Change in terrestrial ecosystem water-use efficiency over the last three decades.Global Change Biology,2015,21(6):2366-2378.
[3]王庆伟,于大炮,代力民,周莉,周旺明,齐光,齐麟,叶雨静.全球气候变化下植物水分利用效率研究进展.应用生态学报,2010,21(12):3255-3265.
[4]Gang C C,Wang Z Q,Chen Y Z,Yang Y,Li J L,Cheng J M,Qi J G,Odeh I.Drought-induced dynamics of carbon and water use efficiency of global grasslands from 2000 to 2011.Ecological Indicators,2016,67:788-797.
[5]Ito A,Inatomi M.Water-use efficiency of the terrestrial biosphere:a model analysis focusing on interactions between the Global Carbon and Water Cycles.Journal of Hydrometeorology,2012,13(2):681-694.
[6]Chapin III F S,Carpenter S R,Kofinas G P,Folke C,Abel N,Clark W C,Olsson P,Smith D M S,Walker B,Young O R,Berkes F,Biggs R,Grove J M,Naylor R L,Pinkerton E,Steffen W,Swanson F J.Ecosystem stewardship:sustainability strategies for a rapidly changing planet.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,2010,25(4):241-249.
[7]王会肖,刘昌明.作物水分利用效率内涵及研究进展.水科学进展,2000,11(1):99-104.
[8]熊伟,王彦辉,于澎涛.树木水分利用效率研究综述.生态学杂志,2005,24(4):417-421.
[9]胡化广,张振铭,吴生才,季芳芳.植物水分利用效率及其机理研究进展.节水灌溉,2013,(3):11-15.
[10]曹生奎,冯起,司建华,常宗强,席海洋,卓玛错.植物水分利用效率研究方法综述.中国沙漠,2009,29(5):853-858.
[11]王斌瑞,王百田.黄土高原径流林业.北京:中国林业出版社,1996:145-148.
[12]胡中民,于贵瑞,王秋凤,赵风华.生态系统水分利用效率研究进展.生态学报,2009,29(3):1498-1507.
[13]周洁.北京大兴杨树人工林生态系统水分利用效率研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[14]徐晓桃.黄河源区NPP及植被水分利用效率时空特征分析[D].兰州:兰州大学,2008.
[15]张春敏.长江源区植被净初生产力及水分利用效率的估算研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2008.
[16]李荣生,许煌灿,尹光天,杨锦昌,李双忠.植物水分利用效率的研究进展.林业科学研究,2003,16(3):366-371.
[17]刘文兆.作物生产、水分消耗与水分利用效率间的动态联系.自然资源学报,1998,13(1):23-27.
[18]Sun Y,Piao S L,Huang M T,Ciais P,Zeng Z Z,Cheng L,Li X R,Zhang X P,Mao J F,Peng S S,Poulter B,Shi X Y,Wang X H,Wang YP,Zeng H.Global patterns and climate drivers of water-use efficiency in terrestrial ecosystems deduced from satellite-based datasets and carbon cycle models.Global Ecology and Biogeography,2016,25(3):311-323.
[19]Tang X G,Li H P,Desai A R,Nagy Z,Luo J H,Kolb T E,Olioso A,Xu X B,Yao L,Kutsch W,Pilegaard K,K9stner B,Ammann C.How is water-use efficiency of terrestrial ecosystems distributed and changing on Earth?Scientific Reports,2014,4:7483-7493.
[20]Zhang Z,Jiang H,Liu J X,Zhou G M,Liu S R,Zhang X Y.Assessment on water use efficiency under climate change and heterogeneous carbon dioxide in China terrestrial ecosystems.Procedia Environmental Sciences,2012,13:2031-2044.
[21]Tian H Q,Chen G S,Liu M L,Zhang C,Sun G,Lu C Q,Xu X F,Ren W,Pan S F,Chappelka A.Model estimates of net primary productivity,evapotranspiration,and water use efficiency in the terrestrial ecosystems of the southern United States during 1895-2007.Forest Ecology and Management,2010,259(7):1311-1327.
[22]李放,沈彦俊.地表遥感蒸散发模型研究进展.资源科学,2014,36(7):1478-1488.
[23]李明旭,杨延征,朱求安,陈槐,彭长辉.气候变化背景下秦岭地区陆地生态系统水分利用率变化趋势.生态学报,2016,36(4):936-945.
[24]李辉东,关德新,袁凤辉,王安志,金昌杰,吴家兵,李峥,井艳丽.科尔沁草甸生态系统水分利用效率及影响因素.生态学报,2015,35(2):478-488.
[25]安佑志,高炜,高志强,施润和.中国北方地区秋季植被变化及对气候变化的响应研究.测绘与空间地理信息,2016,39(11):25-29,35-35.
[26]李肖娟,张福平,王虎威,雷声剑,高张.黑河流域植被水分利用效率时空变化特征及其与气候因子的关系.中国沙漠,2017,37(4):733-741.
[27]郑景云,郝志新,方修琦,葛全胜.中国过去2000年极端气候事件变化的若干特征.地理科学进展,2014,33(1):3-12.
[28]陈新光,潘蔚娟,张江勇,罗晓玲.气候显著变暖使广州极端气候事件增多.广东气象,2007,29(2):24-25.
[29]王冀,蒋大凯,张英娟.华北地区极端气候事件的时空变化规律分析.中国农业气象,2012,33(2):166-173.
[30]陈洪滨,刁丽军.2004年的极端天气和气候事件及其他相关事件的概要回顾.气候与环境研究,200,10(1):140-144.
[31]王云霓,熊伟,王彦辉,于澎涛,徐丽宏,左海军,曹恭祥,孙浩.干旱半干旱地区主要树种叶片水分利用效率研究综述.世界林业研究,2012,25(2):17-23.
[32]Boutraa T.Improvement of water use efficiency in irrigated agriculture:a review.Journal of Agronomy,2010,9(1):1-8.
[33]Zhang Z B,Xu P,Shao H B,Liu M J,Fu Z Y,Chu L Y.Advances and prospects:Biotechnologically improving crop water use efficiency.Critical Reviews in Biotechnology,2011,31(3):281-293.
[34]Mei X R,Zhong X L,Vincent V,Liu X Y.Improving Water Use Efficiency of Wheat Crop Varieties in the North China Plain:Review and Analysis.Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2013,12(7):1243-1250.
[35]夏磊.全球陆地生态系统水分利用效率及人为用地植被缺失热效应估算[D].西安:中国科学院研究生院(教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心),2015.
[36]位贺杰.渭河流域水分生产效率遥感模型构建与估算研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2015.
[37]仇宽彪,成军锋,贾宝全.中国中东部农田作物水分利用效率时空分布及影响因子分析.农业工程学报,2015,31(11):103-109.
[38]Amthor J S,Baldocchi D D.Terrestrial higher plant respiration and net primary production//Roy J,Saugier B,Mooney H A,eds.Terrestrial Global Productivity.San Diego,California,USA:Academic Press,2001:33-59.
[39]于贵瑞,孙晓敏.陆地生态系统通量观测的原理与方法.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[40]Lu X L,Zhuang Q L.Evaluating evapotranspiration and water-use efficiency of terrestrial ecosystems in the conterminous United States using MODISand Ameri Flux data.Remote Sensing of Environment,2010,114(9):1924-1939.
[41]Xue B L,Guo Q H,Otto A,Xiao J F,Tao S L,Li L.Global patterns,trends,and drivers of water use efficiency from 2000 to 2013.Ecosphere,2015,6(10):1-18.
[42]Yang Y T,Guan H D,Batelaan O,Mc Vicar T R,Long D,Piao S L,Liang W,Liu B,Jin Z,Simmons C T.Contrasting responses of water use efficiency to drought across global terrestrial ecosystems.Scientific Reports,2016,6:23284-23291.
[43]Liu Y B,Xiao J F,Ju W M,Zhou Y L,Wang S Q,Wu X C.Water use efficiency of China's terrestrial ecosystems and responses to drought.Scientific Reports,2015,5:13799-13811.
[44]刘敏.基于RS和GIS的陆地生态系统生产力估算及不确定性研究---以青藏高原草地样带为例[D].南京:南京师范大学,2008.
[45]李红琴,李英年,张法伟,刘晓琴,吴启华,毛绍娟.高寒草甸植被生产量年际变化及水分利用率状况.冰川冻土,2013,35(2):475-482.
[46]周宇.中亚干旱区植被退化及水分利用特征时空格局分析[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2015.
[47]张春敏,梁川,龙训建,卫仁娟.江河源区植被水分利用效率遥感估算及动态变化.农业工程学报,2013,29(18):146-155.
[48]位贺杰,张艳芳,董孝斌,鲁纳川,王雪超.渭河流域植被WUE遥感估算及其时空特征.自然资源学报,2016,31(8):1275-1288.
[49]Potter C S,Randerson J T,Field C B,Matson P A,Vitousek P M,Mooney H A,Klooster S A.Terrestrial ecosystem production:A process model based on global satellite and surface data.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,1993,7(4):811-841.
[50]张远东,庞瑞,顾峰雪,刘世荣.西南高山地区水分利用效率时空动态及其对气候变化的响应.生态学报,2016,36(6):1515-1525.
[51]卢玲,李新,黄春林,Veroustraete F.中国西部植被水分利用效率的时空特征分析.冰川冻土,2007,29(5):777-784.
[52]Cao M K,Woodward F I.Net primary and ecosystem production and carbon stocks of terrestrial ecosystems and their responses to climate change.Global Change Biology,1998,4(2):185-198.
[53]Liu J,Chen J M,Cihlar J,Park W M.A process-based boreal ecosystem productivity simulator using remote sensing inputs.Remote Sensing of Environment,1997,62(2):158-175.
[54]Foley J A,Prentice I C,Ramankutty N,Levis S,Pollard D,Sitch S,Haxeltine A.An integrated biosphere model of land surface processes,terrestrial carbon balance,and vegetation dynamics.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,1996,10(4):603-628.
[55]Veroustraete F,Patyn J,Myneni R B.Estimating net ecosystem exchange of carbon using the normalized difference vegetation index and an ecosystem model.Remote Sensing of Environment,1996,58(1):115-130.
[56]Landsberg J J,Waring R H.A generalised model of forest productivity using simplified concepts of radiation-use efficiency,carbon balance and partitioning.Forest Ecology and Management,1997,95(3):209-228.
[57]Chapin III F S,Matson P A,Vitousek P M.Landscape Heterogeneity and Ecosystem Dynamics//Chapin III F S,Matson P A,Vitousek P M,eds.Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology.New York:Springer,2011:369-397.
[58]王昭生.1949-2008年东亚区域陆地生态系统NPP和GPP的时空格局演变[D].湘潭:湖南科技大学,2012.
[59]Zhou M,Zhou S S,Wang J X,Zhang Z W,Yang J H.Research advance on influencing factors of crop water use efficiency.Agricultural Science and Technology,2014,15(11):1967-1976.
[60]肖春旺.模拟降水量对毛乌素沙柳幼苗蒸发蒸腾的潜在影响.草地学报,2001,9(2):121-127.
[61]Lessin R C,Ghini R.Efeito do aumento da concentra92o de CO2atmosférico sobre o oídio e o crescimento de plantas de soja.Tropical Plant Pathology,2009,34(6):385-392.
[62]Prior S A,Runion G B,Marble S C,Rogers H H,Gilliam C H,Torbert H A.A review of elevated atmospheric CO2effects on plant growth and water relations:implications for horticulture.Hortscience,2011,46(2):158-162.
[63]郑凤英,彭少麟.植物生理生态指标对大气CO2浓度倍增响应的整合分析.植物学报,2001,43(11):1101-1109.
[64]刘月岩,乔匀周,董宝娣,师长海,翟红梅,李东晓,司福艳,刘孟雨.CO2浓度升高对小麦水分利用效率的影响研究综述.气候变化研究快报,2013,2(1):9-14.
[65]王梅,王建波.森林内气象因素和蒸散发的观测实验.黑龙江水专学报,2005,32(2):21-22,25-25.
[66]黄迪,张佳宝,张丛志,李玮.不同大气湿度与氮肥水平对夏玉米苗期水分利用效率的影响.玉米科学,2012,20(1):123-127.
[67]黄占斌,山仑.土壤大气湿度组合对玉米生长和WUE效应研究.西北植物学报,1998,18(2):160-164.
[68]周洁,张志强,孙阁,方显瑞,查同刚,张燕,王小平,陈俊崎,陈吉泉.不同土壤水分条件下杨树人工林水分利用效率对环境因子的响应.生态学报,2013,33(5):1465-1474.
[69]Ogaya R,Pe1uelas J.Comparative field study of Quercus ilex and Phillyrea latifolia:photosynthetic response to experimental drought conditions.Environmental and Experimental Botany,2003,50(2):137-148.
[70]陈世苹.内蒙古锡林河流域主要植物种、功能群和群落水分利用效率的研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(植物研究所),2003.
[71]郑淑霞.黄土高原植物叶片光合与化学计量特征的时空响应与适应机制[D].西安:中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,2008.
[72]Huang L,He B,Han L,Liu J J,Wang H Y,Chen Z Y.A global examination of the response of ecosystem water-use efficiency to drought based on MODIS data.Science of the Total Environment,2017,601-602:1097-1107.
[73]陈丹丹,欧光龙,陈金龙,柳国元,李齐勤,张时豪,郑元.不同天气条件对云南4个主要造林树种幼林光合特性的影响.西南林业大学学报,2016,36(5):32-38.
[74]马利民,刘禹,赵建夫.贺兰山油松年轮中稳定碳同位素含量和环境的关系.环境科学,2003,24(5):49-53.
[75]仇宽彪,成军锋.陕西省植被水分利用效率及与气候因素的关系.水土保持研究,2015,22(6):256-260.
[76]Zhu Q A,Jiang H,Peng C H,Liu J X,Wei X H,Fang X Q,Liu S R,Zhou G M,Yu S Q.Evaluating the effects of future climate change and elevated CO2on the water use efficiency in terrestrial ecosystems of China.Ecological Modelling,2011,222(14):2414-2429.
[77]刘玉洁,陶福禄.作物水分利用效率对温度和CO2浓度升高的响应研究进展.地理科学进展,2013,32(3):416-424.
[78]Keenan T F,Hollinger D Y,Bohrer G,Dragoni D,Munger J W,Schmid H P,Richardson A D.Increase in forest water-use efficiency as atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations rise.Nature,2013,499(7458):324-327.
[79]Li J H,Erickson J E,Peresta G,Drake B G.Evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in a Chesapeake Bay wetland under carbon dioxide enrichment.Global Change Biology,2010,16(1):234-245.
[80]蒋高明,林光辉,Marino B D V.美国生物圈二号内生长在高CO2浓度下的10种植物气孔导度、蒸腾速率及水分利用效率的变化.植物学报,1997,39(6):546-553.
[81]Hu Z M,Yu G R,Fan J W,Zhong H P,Wang S Q,Li S G.Precipitation-use efficiency along a 4500-km grassland transect.Global Ecology and Biogeography,2010,19(6):842-851.
[82]穆少杰,周可新,齐杨,陈奕兆,方颖,朱超.内蒙古植被降水利用效率的时空格局及其驱动因素.植物生态学报,2014,38(1):1-16.
[83]倪盼盼,朱元骏,巩铁雄.黄土塬区降水变化对冬小麦土壤耗水特性及水分利用效率的影响.干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(4):80-87.
[84]Liu Y,Zhou Y,Ju W,Wang S,Wu X,He M,Zhu G.Impacts of droughts on carbon sequestration by China's terrestrial ecosystems from 2000 to2011.Biogeosciences,2014,11(10):2583-2599.
[85]Farquhar G D,O'Leary M H,Berry J A.On the relationship between carbon isotope discrimination and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in leaves.Australian Journal of Plant Physiology,1982,9(2):121-137.
[86]Fischer R A,Turner N C.Plant productivity in the arid and semiarid zones.Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1978,29(1):277-317.
[87]Chaves M M,Maroco J P,Pereira J S.Understanding plant responses to drought-from genes to the whole plant.Functional Plant Biology,2003,30(3):239-264.
[88]Zhang X,Moran M S,Zhao X,Liu S H,Zhou T,Ponce-Campos G E,Liu F.Impact of prolonged drought on rainfall use efficiency using MODISdata across China in the early 21st century.Remote Sensing of Environment,2014,150:188-197.
[89]Yu Z,Wang J X,Liu S R,Rentch J S,Sun P S,Lu C Q.Global gross primary productivity and water use efficiency changes under drought stress.Environmental Research Letters,2017,12(1):014016.
[90]郑有飞,万长建,颜景义,廖志鸿.小麦的水分利用效率及其最优化问题.中国农业气象,1997,18(4):13-17,28-28.
[91]Migliavacca M,Meroni M,Manca G,Matteucci G,Montagnani L,Grassi G,Zenone T,Teobaldelli M,Goded I,Colombo R,Seufert G.Seasonal and interannual patterns of carbon and water fluxes of a poplar plantation under peculiar eco-climatic conditions.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2009,149(9):1460-1476.
[92]Gu L H,Baldocchi D,Verma S B,Black T A,Vesala T,Falge E M,Dowty P R.Advantages of diffuse radiation for terrestrial ecosystem productivity.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2002,107(D6):ACL 2-1-ACL 2-23.
[93]张弥,于贵瑞,张雷明,孙晓敏,温学发,韩士杰.太阳辐射对长白山阔叶红松林净生态系统碳交换的影响.植物生态学报,2009,33(2):270-282.
[94]刘佳,同小娟,张劲松,孟平,李俊,郑宁.太阳辐射对黄河小浪底人工混交林净生态系统碳交换的影响.生态学报,2014,34(8):2118-2127.
[95]Knohl A,Baldocchi D D.Effects of diffuse radiation on canopy gas exchange processes in a forest ecosystem.Journal of Geophysical Research,2008,113(G2):G02023.
[96]Gu L,Baldocchi D D,Wofsy S C,Munger J W,Michalsky J J,Urbanski S P,Boden T A.Response of a deciduous forest to the mount pinatubo eruption:enhanced photosynthesis.Science,2003,299(5615):2035-2038.
[97]Lu X L,Chen M,Liu Y L,Miralles D G,Wang F M.Enhanced water use efficiency in global terrestrial ecosystems under increasing aerosol loadings.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2017,237-238:39-49.
[98]周广胜,张新时,高素华,白克智,延晓东,郑元润.中国植被对全球变化反应的研究.植物学报,1997,39(9):879-888.
[99]沈永平,王国亚.IPCC第一工作组第五次评估报告对全球气候变化认知的最新科学要点.冰川冻土,2013,35(5):1068-1076.
[100]马明国,宋怡,王旭峰,韩辉邦,于文凭.AVHRR、VEGETATIoN和MODIS时间系列遥感数据产品现状与应用研究进展.遥感技术与应用,2012,27(5):663-670.
[101]Lambin E F,Baulies X,Bockstael N,Fischer G,Krug T,Leemans R,Moran E F,Rindfuss R R,Sato Y,Skole D,Turner II B L,Vogel C.Land-Use and Land-Cover Change(LUCC):Implementation Strategy.IGBP Report No 48,IHDP Report No 10,Stockholm:IGBP,1999.
[102]Tian H Q,Lu C Q,Chen G S,Xu X F,Liu M L,Ren W,Tao B,Sun G,Pan S F,Liu J Y.Climate and land use controls over terrestrial water use efficiency in monsoon Asia.Ecohydrology,2011,4(2):322-340.
[103]Tian H Q,Melillo J M,Kicklighter D W,Pan S F,Liu J Y,Mc Guire A D,Moore III B.Regional carbon dynamics in monsoon Asia and its implications for the global carbon cycle.Global and Planetary Change,2003,37(3/4):201-217.
[104]江波.确定中国北方地区植被变化对近地表气候反馈的观测证据[D].北京:北京师范大学,2012.
[105]Milesi C,Elvidge C D,Nemani R R,Running S W.Assessing the impact of urban land development on net primary productivity in the southeastern United States.Remote Sensing of Environment,2003,86(3):401-410.
[106]Pei F S,Xia Li,Liu X P,Wang S J,He Z J.Assessing the differences in net primary productivity between pre-and post-urban land development in China.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2013,171-172:174-186.
[107]Buyantuyev A,Wu J.Urbanization alters spatiotemporal patterns of ecosystem primary production:A case study of the Phoenix metropolitan region,USA.Journal of Arid Environments,2009,73(4/5):512-520.
[108]Zhang Z,Jiang H,Liu J X,Zhu Q A,Wei X H,Zhou G M,Liu S R,Zhang X Y.Modeling the spatial-temporal dynamics of water use efficiency in Yangtze River Basin using IBIS model.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(5):246-253.
[109]Blicker P S,Olson B E,Wraith J M.Water use and water-use efficiency of the invasive Centaurea maculosa and three native grasses.Plant and Soil,2003,254(2):371-381.
[110]张良侠,胡中民,樊江文,邵全琴,唐风沛.区域尺度生态系统水分利用效率的时空变异特征研究进展.地球科学进展,2014,29(6):691-699.
[2]Huang M T,Piao S L,Sun Y,Ciais P,Cheng L,Mao J F,Poulter B,Shi X Y,Zeng Z Z,Wang Y P.Change in terrestrial ecosystem water-use efficiency over the last three decades.Global Change Biology,2015,21(6):2366-2378.
[3]王庆伟,于大炮,代力民,周莉,周旺明,齐光,齐麟,叶雨静.全球气候变化下植物水分利用效率研究进展.应用生态学报,2010,21(12):3255-3265.
[4]Gang C C,Wang Z Q,Chen Y Z,Yang Y,Li J L,Cheng J M,Qi J G,Odeh I.Drought-induced dynamics of carbon and water use efficiency of global grasslands from 2000 to 2011.Ecological Indicators,2016,67:788-797.
[5]Ito A,Inatomi M.Water-use efficiency of the terrestrial biosphere:a model analysis focusing on interactions between the Global Carbon and Water Cycles.Journal of Hydrometeorology,2012,13(2):681-694.
[6]Chapin III F S,Carpenter S R,Kofinas G P,Folke C,Abel N,Clark W C,Olsson P,Smith D M S,Walker B,Young O R,Berkes F,Biggs R,Grove J M,Naylor R L,Pinkerton E,Steffen W,Swanson F J.Ecosystem stewardship:sustainability strategies for a rapidly changing planet.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,2010,25(4):241-249.
[7]王会肖,刘昌明.作物水分利用效率内涵及研究进展.水科学进展,2000,11(1):99-104.
[8]熊伟,王彦辉,于澎涛.树木水分利用效率研究综述.生态学杂志,2005,24(4):417-421.
[9]胡化广,张振铭,吴生才,季芳芳.植物水分利用效率及其机理研究进展.节水灌溉,2013,(3):11-15.
[10]曹生奎,冯起,司建华,常宗强,席海洋,卓玛错.植物水分利用效率研究方法综述.中国沙漠,2009,29(5):853-858.
[11]王斌瑞,王百田.黄土高原径流林业.北京:中国林业出版社,1996:145-148.
[12]胡中民,于贵瑞,王秋凤,赵风华.生态系统水分利用效率研究进展.生态学报,2009,29(3):1498-1507.
[13]周洁.北京大兴杨树人工林生态系统水分利用效率研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[14]徐晓桃.黄河源区NPP及植被水分利用效率时空特征分析[D].兰州:兰州大学,2008.
[15]张春敏.长江源区植被净初生产力及水分利用效率的估算研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2008.
[16]李荣生,许煌灿,尹光天,杨锦昌,李双忠.植物水分利用效率的研究进展.林业科学研究,2003,16(3):366-371.
[17]刘文兆.作物生产、水分消耗与水分利用效率间的动态联系.自然资源学报,1998,13(1):23-27.
[18]Sun Y,Piao S L,Huang M T,Ciais P,Zeng Z Z,Cheng L,Li X R,Zhang X P,Mao J F,Peng S S,Poulter B,Shi X Y,Wang X H,Wang YP,Zeng H.Global patterns and climate drivers of water-use efficiency in terrestrial ecosystems deduced from satellite-based datasets and carbon cycle models.Global Ecology and Biogeography,2016,25(3):311-323.
[19]Tang X G,Li H P,Desai A R,Nagy Z,Luo J H,Kolb T E,Olioso A,Xu X B,Yao L,Kutsch W,Pilegaard K,K9stner B,Ammann C.How is water-use efficiency of terrestrial ecosystems distributed and changing on Earth?Scientific Reports,2014,4:7483-7493.
[20]Zhang Z,Jiang H,Liu J X,Zhou G M,Liu S R,Zhang X Y.Assessment on water use efficiency under climate change and heterogeneous carbon dioxide in China terrestrial ecosystems.Procedia Environmental Sciences,2012,13:2031-2044.
[21]Tian H Q,Chen G S,Liu M L,Zhang C,Sun G,Lu C Q,Xu X F,Ren W,Pan S F,Chappelka A.Model estimates of net primary productivity,evapotranspiration,and water use efficiency in the terrestrial ecosystems of the southern United States during 1895-2007.Forest Ecology and Management,2010,259(7):1311-1327.
[22]李放,沈彦俊.地表遥感蒸散发模型研究进展.资源科学,2014,36(7):1478-1488.
[23]李明旭,杨延征,朱求安,陈槐,彭长辉.气候变化背景下秦岭地区陆地生态系统水分利用率变化趋势.生态学报,2016,36(4):936-945.
[24]李辉东,关德新,袁凤辉,王安志,金昌杰,吴家兵,李峥,井艳丽.科尔沁草甸生态系统水分利用效率及影响因素.生态学报,2015,35(2):478-488.
[25]安佑志,高炜,高志强,施润和.中国北方地区秋季植被变化及对气候变化的响应研究.测绘与空间地理信息,2016,39(11):25-29,35-35.
[26]李肖娟,张福平,王虎威,雷声剑,高张.黑河流域植被水分利用效率时空变化特征及其与气候因子的关系.中国沙漠,2017,37(4):733-741.
[27]郑景云,郝志新,方修琦,葛全胜.中国过去2000年极端气候事件变化的若干特征.地理科学进展,2014,33(1):3-12.
[28]陈新光,潘蔚娟,张江勇,罗晓玲.气候显著变暖使广州极端气候事件增多.广东气象,2007,29(2):24-25.
[29]王冀,蒋大凯,张英娟.华北地区极端气候事件的时空变化规律分析.中国农业气象,2012,33(2):166-173.
[30]陈洪滨,刁丽军.2004年的极端天气和气候事件及其他相关事件的概要回顾.气候与环境研究,200,10(1):140-144.
[31]王云霓,熊伟,王彦辉,于澎涛,徐丽宏,左海军,曹恭祥,孙浩.干旱半干旱地区主要树种叶片水分利用效率研究综述.世界林业研究,2012,25(2):17-23.
[32]Boutraa T.Improvement of water use efficiency in irrigated agriculture:a review.Journal of Agronomy,2010,9(1):1-8.
[33]Zhang Z B,Xu P,Shao H B,Liu M J,Fu Z Y,Chu L Y.Advances and prospects:Biotechnologically improving crop water use efficiency.Critical Reviews in Biotechnology,2011,31(3):281-293.
[34]Mei X R,Zhong X L,Vincent V,Liu X Y.Improving Water Use Efficiency of Wheat Crop Varieties in the North China Plain:Review and Analysis.Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2013,12(7):1243-1250.
[35]夏磊.全球陆地生态系统水分利用效率及人为用地植被缺失热效应估算[D].西安:中国科学院研究生院(教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心),2015.
[36]位贺杰.渭河流域水分生产效率遥感模型构建与估算研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2015.
[37]仇宽彪,成军锋,贾宝全.中国中东部农田作物水分利用效率时空分布及影响因子分析.农业工程学报,2015,31(11):103-109.
[38]Amthor J S,Baldocchi D D.Terrestrial higher plant respiration and net primary production//Roy J,Saugier B,Mooney H A,eds.Terrestrial Global Productivity.San Diego,California,USA:Academic Press,2001:33-59.
[39]于贵瑞,孙晓敏.陆地生态系统通量观测的原理与方法.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[40]Lu X L,Zhuang Q L.Evaluating evapotranspiration and water-use efficiency of terrestrial ecosystems in the conterminous United States using MODISand Ameri Flux data.Remote Sensing of Environment,2010,114(9):1924-1939.
[41]Xue B L,Guo Q H,Otto A,Xiao J F,Tao S L,Li L.Global patterns,trends,and drivers of water use efficiency from 2000 to 2013.Ecosphere,2015,6(10):1-18.
[42]Yang Y T,Guan H D,Batelaan O,Mc Vicar T R,Long D,Piao S L,Liang W,Liu B,Jin Z,Simmons C T.Contrasting responses of water use efficiency to drought across global terrestrial ecosystems.Scientific Reports,2016,6:23284-23291.
[43]Liu Y B,Xiao J F,Ju W M,Zhou Y L,Wang S Q,Wu X C.Water use efficiency of China's terrestrial ecosystems and responses to drought.Scientific Reports,2015,5:13799-13811.
[44]刘敏.基于RS和GIS的陆地生态系统生产力估算及不确定性研究---以青藏高原草地样带为例[D].南京:南京师范大学,2008.
[45]李红琴,李英年,张法伟,刘晓琴,吴启华,毛绍娟.高寒草甸植被生产量年际变化及水分利用率状况.冰川冻土,2013,35(2):475-482.
[46]周宇.中亚干旱区植被退化及水分利用特征时空格局分析[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2015.
[47]张春敏,梁川,龙训建,卫仁娟.江河源区植被水分利用效率遥感估算及动态变化.农业工程学报,2013,29(18):146-155.
[48]位贺杰,张艳芳,董孝斌,鲁纳川,王雪超.渭河流域植被WUE遥感估算及其时空特征.自然资源学报,2016,31(8):1275-1288.
[49]Potter C S,Randerson J T,Field C B,Matson P A,Vitousek P M,Mooney H A,Klooster S A.Terrestrial ecosystem production:A process model based on global satellite and surface data.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,1993,7(4):811-841.
[50]张远东,庞瑞,顾峰雪,刘世荣.西南高山地区水分利用效率时空动态及其对气候变化的响应.生态学报,2016,36(6):1515-1525.
[51]卢玲,李新,黄春林,Veroustraete F.中国西部植被水分利用效率的时空特征分析.冰川冻土,2007,29(5):777-784.
[52]Cao M K,Woodward F I.Net primary and ecosystem production and carbon stocks of terrestrial ecosystems and their responses to climate change.Global Change Biology,1998,4(2):185-198.
[53]Liu J,Chen J M,Cihlar J,Park W M.A process-based boreal ecosystem productivity simulator using remote sensing inputs.Remote Sensing of Environment,1997,62(2):158-175.
[54]Foley J A,Prentice I C,Ramankutty N,Levis S,Pollard D,Sitch S,Haxeltine A.An integrated biosphere model of land surface processes,terrestrial carbon balance,and vegetation dynamics.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,1996,10(4):603-628.
[55]Veroustraete F,Patyn J,Myneni R B.Estimating net ecosystem exchange of carbon using the normalized difference vegetation index and an ecosystem model.Remote Sensing of Environment,1996,58(1):115-130.
[56]Landsberg J J,Waring R H.A generalised model of forest productivity using simplified concepts of radiation-use efficiency,carbon balance and partitioning.Forest Ecology and Management,1997,95(3):209-228.
[57]Chapin III F S,Matson P A,Vitousek P M.Landscape Heterogeneity and Ecosystem Dynamics//Chapin III F S,Matson P A,Vitousek P M,eds.Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology.New York:Springer,2011:369-397.
[58]王昭生.1949-2008年东亚区域陆地生态系统NPP和GPP的时空格局演变[D].湘潭:湖南科技大学,2012.
[59]Zhou M,Zhou S S,Wang J X,Zhang Z W,Yang J H.Research advance on influencing factors of crop water use efficiency.Agricultural Science and Technology,2014,15(11):1967-1976.
[60]肖春旺.模拟降水量对毛乌素沙柳幼苗蒸发蒸腾的潜在影响.草地学报,2001,9(2):121-127.
[61]Lessin R C,Ghini R.Efeito do aumento da concentra92o de CO2atmosférico sobre o oídio e o crescimento de plantas de soja.Tropical Plant Pathology,2009,34(6):385-392.
[62]Prior S A,Runion G B,Marble S C,Rogers H H,Gilliam C H,Torbert H A.A review of elevated atmospheric CO2effects on plant growth and water relations:implications for horticulture.Hortscience,2011,46(2):158-162.
[63]郑凤英,彭少麟.植物生理生态指标对大气CO2浓度倍增响应的整合分析.植物学报,2001,43(11):1101-1109.
[64]刘月岩,乔匀周,董宝娣,师长海,翟红梅,李东晓,司福艳,刘孟雨.CO2浓度升高对小麦水分利用效率的影响研究综述.气候变化研究快报,2013,2(1):9-14.
[65]王梅,王建波.森林内气象因素和蒸散发的观测实验.黑龙江水专学报,2005,32(2):21-22,25-25.
[66]黄迪,张佳宝,张丛志,李玮.不同大气湿度与氮肥水平对夏玉米苗期水分利用效率的影响.玉米科学,2012,20(1):123-127.
[67]黄占斌,山仑.土壤大气湿度组合对玉米生长和WUE效应研究.西北植物学报,1998,18(2):160-164.
[68]周洁,张志强,孙阁,方显瑞,查同刚,张燕,王小平,陈俊崎,陈吉泉.不同土壤水分条件下杨树人工林水分利用效率对环境因子的响应.生态学报,2013,33(5):1465-1474.
[69]Ogaya R,Pe1uelas J.Comparative field study of Quercus ilex and Phillyrea latifolia:photosynthetic response to experimental drought conditions.Environmental and Experimental Botany,2003,50(2):137-148.
[70]陈世苹.内蒙古锡林河流域主要植物种、功能群和群落水分利用效率的研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院(植物研究所),2003.
[71]郑淑霞.黄土高原植物叶片光合与化学计量特征的时空响应与适应机制[D].西安:中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,2008.
[72]Huang L,He B,Han L,Liu J J,Wang H Y,Chen Z Y.A global examination of the response of ecosystem water-use efficiency to drought based on MODIS data.Science of the Total Environment,2017,601-602:1097-1107.
[73]陈丹丹,欧光龙,陈金龙,柳国元,李齐勤,张时豪,郑元.不同天气条件对云南4个主要造林树种幼林光合特性的影响.西南林业大学学报,2016,36(5):32-38.
[74]马利民,刘禹,赵建夫.贺兰山油松年轮中稳定碳同位素含量和环境的关系.环境科学,2003,24(5):49-53.
[75]仇宽彪,成军锋.陕西省植被水分利用效率及与气候因素的关系.水土保持研究,2015,22(6):256-260.
[76]Zhu Q A,Jiang H,Peng C H,Liu J X,Wei X H,Fang X Q,Liu S R,Zhou G M,Yu S Q.Evaluating the effects of future climate change and elevated CO2on the water use efficiency in terrestrial ecosystems of China.Ecological Modelling,2011,222(14):2414-2429.
[77]刘玉洁,陶福禄.作物水分利用效率对温度和CO2浓度升高的响应研究进展.地理科学进展,2013,32(3):416-424.
[78]Keenan T F,Hollinger D Y,Bohrer G,Dragoni D,Munger J W,Schmid H P,Richardson A D.Increase in forest water-use efficiency as atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations rise.Nature,2013,499(7458):324-327.
[79]Li J H,Erickson J E,Peresta G,Drake B G.Evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in a Chesapeake Bay wetland under carbon dioxide enrichment.Global Change Biology,2010,16(1):234-245.
[80]蒋高明,林光辉,Marino B D V.美国生物圈二号内生长在高CO2浓度下的10种植物气孔导度、蒸腾速率及水分利用效率的变化.植物学报,1997,39(6):546-553.
[81]Hu Z M,Yu G R,Fan J W,Zhong H P,Wang S Q,Li S G.Precipitation-use efficiency along a 4500-km grassland transect.Global Ecology and Biogeography,2010,19(6):842-851.
[82]穆少杰,周可新,齐杨,陈奕兆,方颖,朱超.内蒙古植被降水利用效率的时空格局及其驱动因素.植物生态学报,2014,38(1):1-16.
[83]倪盼盼,朱元骏,巩铁雄.黄土塬区降水变化对冬小麦土壤耗水特性及水分利用效率的影响.干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(4):80-87.
[84]Liu Y,Zhou Y,Ju W,Wang S,Wu X,He M,Zhu G.Impacts of droughts on carbon sequestration by China's terrestrial ecosystems from 2000 to2011.Biogeosciences,2014,11(10):2583-2599.
[85]Farquhar G D,O'Leary M H,Berry J A.On the relationship between carbon isotope discrimination and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in leaves.Australian Journal of Plant Physiology,1982,9(2):121-137.
[86]Fischer R A,Turner N C.Plant productivity in the arid and semiarid zones.Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1978,29(1):277-317.
[87]Chaves M M,Maroco J P,Pereira J S.Understanding plant responses to drought-from genes to the whole plant.Functional Plant Biology,2003,30(3):239-264.
[88]Zhang X,Moran M S,Zhao X,Liu S H,Zhou T,Ponce-Campos G E,Liu F.Impact of prolonged drought on rainfall use efficiency using MODISdata across China in the early 21st century.Remote Sensing of Environment,2014,150:188-197.
[89]Yu Z,Wang J X,Liu S R,Rentch J S,Sun P S,Lu C Q.Global gross primary productivity and water use efficiency changes under drought stress.Environmental Research Letters,2017,12(1):014016.
[90]郑有飞,万长建,颜景义,廖志鸿.小麦的水分利用效率及其最优化问题.中国农业气象,1997,18(4):13-17,28-28.
[91]Migliavacca M,Meroni M,Manca G,Matteucci G,Montagnani L,Grassi G,Zenone T,Teobaldelli M,Goded I,Colombo R,Seufert G.Seasonal and interannual patterns of carbon and water fluxes of a poplar plantation under peculiar eco-climatic conditions.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2009,149(9):1460-1476.
[92]Gu L H,Baldocchi D,Verma S B,Black T A,Vesala T,Falge E M,Dowty P R.Advantages of diffuse radiation for terrestrial ecosystem productivity.Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2002,107(D6):ACL 2-1-ACL 2-23.
[93]张弥,于贵瑞,张雷明,孙晓敏,温学发,韩士杰.太阳辐射对长白山阔叶红松林净生态系统碳交换的影响.植物生态学报,2009,33(2):270-282.
[94]刘佳,同小娟,张劲松,孟平,李俊,郑宁.太阳辐射对黄河小浪底人工混交林净生态系统碳交换的影响.生态学报,2014,34(8):2118-2127.
[95]Knohl A,Baldocchi D D.Effects of diffuse radiation on canopy gas exchange processes in a forest ecosystem.Journal of Geophysical Research,2008,113(G2):G02023.
[96]Gu L,Baldocchi D D,Wofsy S C,Munger J W,Michalsky J J,Urbanski S P,Boden T A.Response of a deciduous forest to the mount pinatubo eruption:enhanced photosynthesis.Science,2003,299(5615):2035-2038.
[97]Lu X L,Chen M,Liu Y L,Miralles D G,Wang F M.Enhanced water use efficiency in global terrestrial ecosystems under increasing aerosol loadings.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2017,237-238:39-49.
[98]周广胜,张新时,高素华,白克智,延晓东,郑元润.中国植被对全球变化反应的研究.植物学报,1997,39(9):879-888.
[99]沈永平,王国亚.IPCC第一工作组第五次评估报告对全球气候变化认知的最新科学要点.冰川冻土,2013,35(5):1068-1076.
[100]马明国,宋怡,王旭峰,韩辉邦,于文凭.AVHRR、VEGETATIoN和MODIS时间系列遥感数据产品现状与应用研究进展.遥感技术与应用,2012,27(5):663-670.
[101]Lambin E F,Baulies X,Bockstael N,Fischer G,Krug T,Leemans R,Moran E F,Rindfuss R R,Sato Y,Skole D,Turner II B L,Vogel C.Land-Use and Land-Cover Change(LUCC):Implementation Strategy.IGBP Report No 48,IHDP Report No 10,Stockholm:IGBP,1999.
[102]Tian H Q,Lu C Q,Chen G S,Xu X F,Liu M L,Ren W,Tao B,Sun G,Pan S F,Liu J Y.Climate and land use controls over terrestrial water use efficiency in monsoon Asia.Ecohydrology,2011,4(2):322-340.
[103]Tian H Q,Melillo J M,Kicklighter D W,Pan S F,Liu J Y,Mc Guire A D,Moore III B.Regional carbon dynamics in monsoon Asia and its implications for the global carbon cycle.Global and Planetary Change,2003,37(3/4):201-217.
[104]江波.确定中国北方地区植被变化对近地表气候反馈的观测证据[D].北京:北京师范大学,2012.
[105]Milesi C,Elvidge C D,Nemani R R,Running S W.Assessing the impact of urban land development on net primary productivity in the southeastern United States.Remote Sensing of Environment,2003,86(3):401-410.
[106]Pei F S,Xia Li,Liu X P,Wang S J,He Z J.Assessing the differences in net primary productivity between pre-and post-urban land development in China.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2013,171-172:174-186.
[107]Buyantuyev A,Wu J.Urbanization alters spatiotemporal patterns of ecosystem primary production:A case study of the Phoenix metropolitan region,USA.Journal of Arid Environments,2009,73(4/5):512-520.
[108]Zhang Z,Jiang H,Liu J X,Zhu Q A,Wei X H,Zhou G M,Liu S R,Zhang X Y.Modeling the spatial-temporal dynamics of water use efficiency in Yangtze River Basin using IBIS model.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(5):246-253.
[109]Blicker P S,Olson B E,Wraith J M.Water use and water-use efficiency of the invasive Centaurea maculosa and three native grasses.Plant and Soil,2003,254(2):371-381.
[110]张良侠,胡中民,樊江文,邵全琴,唐风沛.区域尺度生态系统水分利用效率的时空变异特征研究进展.地球科学进展,2014,29(6):691-699.