贵州红枫水库沉积物重金属污染评价及来源分析
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摘要
为了解红枫水库沉积物重金属污染现状,沿库区采集8个点共计80个沉积物样品,采用原子荧光光谱仪及原子吸收光谱仪对重金属Hg、As、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn和Ni含量进行了测定,利用地积累指数(Igeo)和潜在生态风险指数(RI)进行污染评价,同时进行相关性分析并讨论其污染来源。结果表明:红枫水库北湖沉积物重金属含量明显高于南湖,8种重金属Hg、As、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni的平均含量依次为0.56、35.76、43.66、0.50、91.03、89.14、152.44和109.30 mg·kg-1;以贵州省土壤背景值为参比,地积累指数评价结果显示Hg为中等污染,污染顺序为Hg>Ni>Cu>As>Zn>Pb>Cr>Cd,综合潜在生态风险指数评价结果显示红枫水库为中等生态风险;库区沉积物重金属污染来源于三方面:一是工业排放,主要集中在北湖和中湖,重金属包括Pb、Zn、Cd;二是城市排放及周边农药、化肥残留,主要污染区为北湖、中湖,污染物为Cr、Ni、As和Cu;三是矿区开采,污染覆盖全湖区,主要包括Hg和As。
To understand the status of heavy metal pollution in sediments in Hongfeng Reservoir,a total of 80 sediment samples were collected from eight sites. The concentrations of Hg,As,Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu and Ni were analyzed using atomic fluorescence spectrometer and atomic absorption spectrometer. The pollution status was evaluated by geo-accumulation index( Igeo) and potential ecological risk index( RI). Meanwhile,correlation analysis was carried out and the sources of pollution were discussed. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments of the North Lake of Hongfeng Reservoir were significantly higher than those in South Lake. The average concentrations of Hg,As,Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,Zn and Ni were 0.56,35.76,43.66,0.50,91.03,89.14,152.44 and 109.30 mg·kg-1,respectively. Based on the soil background value of Guizhou Province,the results of Igeoevaluation showed that Hg was in a moderate pollution,and the pollution order was Hg>Ni>Cu>As>Zn>Pb>Cr>Cd. The RI evaluation results showed that Hongfeng Reservoir was in a medium ecological risk. There were three sources for the heavy metal pollution of Hongfeng Reservoir. Industrial emissions were the main source of Pb,Zn and Cd for North Lake and Central Lake. Urban emissions and the remaining of pesticides and chemical fertilizers surrounding the reservoir were the main source of Cr,Ni,As and Cu for North Lake. The Hg and As mainly came from mining activity for the whole reservoir.
To understand the status of heavy metal pollution in sediments in Hongfeng Reservoir,a total of 80 sediment samples were collected from eight sites. The concentrations of Hg,As,Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu and Ni were analyzed using atomic fluorescence spectrometer and atomic absorption spectrometer. The pollution status was evaluated by geo-accumulation index( Igeo) and potential ecological risk index( RI). Meanwhile,correlation analysis was carried out and the sources of pollution were discussed. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments of the North Lake of Hongfeng Reservoir were significantly higher than those in South Lake. The average concentrations of Hg,As,Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,Zn and Ni were 0.56,35.76,43.66,0.50,91.03,89.14,152.44 and 109.30 mg·kg-1,respectively. Based on the soil background value of Guizhou Province,the results of Igeoevaluation showed that Hg was in a moderate pollution,and the pollution order was Hg>Ni>Cu>As>Zn>Pb>Cr>Cd. The RI evaluation results showed that Hongfeng Reservoir was in a medium ecological risk. There were three sources for the heavy metal pollution of Hongfeng Reservoir. Industrial emissions were the main source of Pb,Zn and Cd for North Lake and Central Lake. Urban emissions and the remaining of pesticides and chemical fertilizers surrounding the reservoir were the main source of Cr,Ni,As and Cu for North Lake. The Hg and As mainly came from mining activity for the whole reservoir.
引文
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国家环境保护总局《水质:湖泊和水库采样技术指导(GB/T14581-1993)》编委会.1994.水质:湖泊和水库采样技术指导.北京:中国标准出版社.
何邵麟,李朝晋,潘自平,等.2012.贵阳市红枫水库湖泊沉积物地球化学与环境质量评价.物探与化探,36(2):273-276.
黄先飞,秦樊鑫,胡继伟,等.2008.红枫水库沉积物中重金属污染特征与生态危害风险评价.环境科学研究,21(2):18-23.
李秋华.2018.贵州高原水库富营养化特征及评价.贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,36(2):1-8.
刘成,邵世光,范成新,等.2014.巢湖重污染汇流湾区沉积物重金属污染特征及风险评价.中国环境科学,34(4):1031-1037.
刘利.2007.煤中砷及其对环境的影响.科技情报开发与经济,17(24):189-190.
刘景春,严重玲.2006.福建漳江口红树林湿地沉积物中四种重金属的空间分布特征.亚热带植物科学,35(4):1-5.
秦樊鑫,段婷婷.2005.测定土壤中重金属Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni前处理方法.贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,(2):81-83.
秦延文,苏一兵,郑丙辉,等.2007.渤海湾表层沉积物重金属与污染评价.海洋科学,(12):28-33.
孙勇,陈新平.2015.贵州农业发展现状及对策.现代农业科技,(6):308-309.
唐黎,李秋华,陈椽,等.2017.贵州普定水库沉积物重金属分布及污染特征.中国环境科学,37(12):4710-4721.
田林锋,胡继伟,秦樊鑫,等.2011.红枫湖沉积物重金属元素地球化学特征及风险评价.环境化学,30(9):1590-1598.
杨光龙.2014.水城铅锌矿元素组合和变化规律的统计分析.地质与勘探,50(2):303-310.
袁惠民,陈文生.1997.红枫水库沉积物中主要重金属潜在生态危害性评价.贵州环保科技,(3):39-43.
曾艳,张维,陈敬安,等.2010.红枫湖水库入库河流沉积物中重金属污染状况分析.地球与环境,38(4):470-475.
张立,袁旭音,邓旭.2007.南京玄武湖底泥重金属形态与环境意义.湖泊科学,19(1):62-69.
张东明.2017.工业区周边农田土壤重金属分布特征及风险评价.土壤通报,48(3):715-723.
张继来,傅开道,王波,等.2014.澜沧江河床沉积物重金属污染评价.地理科学进展,33(8):1136-1144.
郑喜珅,鲁安怀,高翔,等.2002.土壤中重金属污染现状与防治方法.土壤与环境,11(1):79-84.
中国环境监测总站.1990.中国土壤元素背景值.北京:中国环境科学出版社.
周笑白,梅鹏蔚,彭露露,等.2015.渤海湾表层沉积物重金属含量及潜在生态风险评价.生态环境学报,24(3):452-456.
Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment(CCOM).1995.Protocol for the derivation of Canadian sediment quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life.Canada:Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment:2-3.
Chernoff H.1973.The use of faces to represent points in kdimensional space graphically.Journal of the American Statistical Association,68:361-368.
Hudson-Edwards KA,Houghton SL,Osborn A.2004.Extraction and analysis of arsenic in soils and sediments.Trends in Analytical Chemistry,23:745-752.
Hilton J,Davison W,Ochsenbein U.1985.A mathematical model for analysis of sediment coke data.Geology,48:281-291.
Hkonson L.1980.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:A sedimentologicol approach.Water Research,14:975-1001.
McGeer JC,Szebedinszky C,McDonald DG,et al.2000.Effects of chronic sublethal exposure to waterborne Cu,Cd or Zn in rainbow trout.1.Iono-regulatory disturbance and metabolic costs.Aquatic Toxicology,50:231-243.
Müller G.1969.Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River.Geojournal,2:108-118.
Meij R.1994.Trace element behavior in caol-fired power plants.Fuel Processing Technology,39:199-217.
Olivares-Rieumont S,De La Rosa D,Lima L,et al.2005.Assessment of heavy metal levels in Almendares River sediments,Havana City,Cuba.Water Research,39:3945-3953.
Rainbow PS.2007.Trace metal bioaccumulation:Models,metabolic availability and toxicity.Environment International,33:576-582.
陈修康,张华俊,顾继光,等.2012.惠州市3座供水水库沉积物重金属污染特征.应用生态学报,23(5):1254-1262.
杜臣昌,刘恩峰,羊向东,等.2012.巢湖沉积物重金属富集特征与人为污染评价.湖泊科学,24(1):59-66.
国家环境保护总局《水质:湖泊和水库采样技术指导(GB/T14581-1993)》编委会.1994.水质:湖泊和水库采样技术指导.北京:中国标准出版社.
何邵麟,李朝晋,潘自平,等.2012.贵阳市红枫水库湖泊沉积物地球化学与环境质量评价.物探与化探,36(2):273-276.
黄先飞,秦樊鑫,胡继伟,等.2008.红枫水库沉积物中重金属污染特征与生态危害风险评价.环境科学研究,21(2):18-23.
李秋华.2018.贵州高原水库富营养化特征及评价.贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,36(2):1-8.
刘成,邵世光,范成新,等.2014.巢湖重污染汇流湾区沉积物重金属污染特征及风险评价.中国环境科学,34(4):1031-1037.
刘利.2007.煤中砷及其对环境的影响.科技情报开发与经济,17(24):189-190.
刘景春,严重玲.2006.福建漳江口红树林湿地沉积物中四种重金属的空间分布特征.亚热带植物科学,35(4):1-5.
秦樊鑫,段婷婷.2005.测定土壤中重金属Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni前处理方法.贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,(2):81-83.
秦延文,苏一兵,郑丙辉,等.2007.渤海湾表层沉积物重金属与污染评价.海洋科学,(12):28-33.
孙勇,陈新平.2015.贵州农业发展现状及对策.现代农业科技,(6):308-309.
唐黎,李秋华,陈椽,等.2017.贵州普定水库沉积物重金属分布及污染特征.中国环境科学,37(12):4710-4721.
田林锋,胡继伟,秦樊鑫,等.2011.红枫湖沉积物重金属元素地球化学特征及风险评价.环境化学,30(9):1590-1598.
杨光龙.2014.水城铅锌矿元素组合和变化规律的统计分析.地质与勘探,50(2):303-310.
袁惠民,陈文生.1997.红枫水库沉积物中主要重金属潜在生态危害性评价.贵州环保科技,(3):39-43.
曾艳,张维,陈敬安,等.2010.红枫湖水库入库河流沉积物中重金属污染状况分析.地球与环境,38(4):470-475.
张立,袁旭音,邓旭.2007.南京玄武湖底泥重金属形态与环境意义.湖泊科学,19(1):62-69.
张东明.2017.工业区周边农田土壤重金属分布特征及风险评价.土壤通报,48(3):715-723.
张继来,傅开道,王波,等.2014.澜沧江河床沉积物重金属污染评价.地理科学进展,33(8):1136-1144.
郑喜珅,鲁安怀,高翔,等.2002.土壤中重金属污染现状与防治方法.土壤与环境,11(1):79-84.
中国环境监测总站.1990.中国土壤元素背景值.北京:中国环境科学出版社.
周笑白,梅鹏蔚,彭露露,等.2015.渤海湾表层沉积物重金属含量及潜在生态风险评价.生态环境学报,24(3):452-456.
Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment(CCOM).1995.Protocol for the derivation of Canadian sediment quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life.Canada:Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment:2-3.
Chernoff H.1973.The use of faces to represent points in kdimensional space graphically.Journal of the American Statistical Association,68:361-368.
Hudson-Edwards KA,Houghton SL,Osborn A.2004.Extraction and analysis of arsenic in soils and sediments.Trends in Analytical Chemistry,23:745-752.
Hilton J,Davison W,Ochsenbein U.1985.A mathematical model for analysis of sediment coke data.Geology,48:281-291.
Hkonson L.1980.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:A sedimentologicol approach.Water Research,14:975-1001.
McGeer JC,Szebedinszky C,McDonald DG,et al.2000.Effects of chronic sublethal exposure to waterborne Cu,Cd or Zn in rainbow trout.1.Iono-regulatory disturbance and metabolic costs.Aquatic Toxicology,50:231-243.
Müller G.1969.Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River.Geojournal,2:108-118.
Meij R.1994.Trace element behavior in caol-fired power plants.Fuel Processing Technology,39:199-217.
Olivares-Rieumont S,De La Rosa D,Lima L,et al.2005.Assessment of heavy metal levels in Almendares River sediments,Havana City,Cuba.Water Research,39:3945-3953.
Rainbow PS.2007.Trace metal bioaccumulation:Models,metabolic availability and toxicity.Environment International,33:576-582.