基于土壤管理评估框架的云南坡耕地耕层土壤质量评价
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摘要
坡耕地作为云南地区耕地资源的重要组成部分,坡耕地耕层土壤质量评价和参数适宜范围确定是合理耕层构建的基础。基于土壤管理评估框架(soil management assessment framework,SMAF),构建坡耕地耕层土壤质量指数评价模型(cultivated-layer soil quality index,CLSQI),采用最小数据集(minimum data set,MDS)法筛选评价指标,对云南地区坡耕地耕层土壤质量进行评价,提出坡耕地合理耕层土壤参数适宜范围。结果表明:云南坡耕地耕层土壤质量评价最小数据集由pH值、全氮、总孔隙度、抗剪强度、田面坡度5个指标组成,基于MDS的坡耕地耕层土壤质量评价精度较高。在初选指标体系中,土壤容重、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、抗剪强度、田面坡度5个指标的权重较大,而在MDS指标体系中,田面坡度、全氮含量的权重较大。坡耕地耕层土壤质量指数(CLSQI)分布在0.39～0.84之间,均值为0.59±0.11,变异系数为0.19,坡耕地耕层土壤质量总体处于"中等"偏上水平。不同采样区坡耕地CLSQI差异显著(P<0.05),其大小关系为:楚雄>双柏>宣威>宁洱>马龙>石林。0～20 cm采样深度坡耕地CLSQI(均值0.59)大于>20 cm(均值0.56),紫色土坡耕地CLSQI(均值0.61)大于红壤(均值0.54)(P<0.05),垄作和等高耕作模式坡耕地CLSQI大于顺坡耕作,旋耕方式下的坡耕地CLSQI大于翻耕,不同农业分区坡耕地CLSQI的大小顺序为:滇东北山原区>滇中高原湖盆区>滇西南中山宽谷区。坡耕地合理耕层MDS土壤指标适宜范围为:pH值5.58～7.82,全氮≥1.37 g/kg,总孔隙度≥52.28%,抗剪强度≥5.19kPa,田面坡度≤11.79°。研究可为坡耕地耕层土壤质量评价及合理耕层构建提供理论依据和参数支持。
Sloping farmland is an important part of cultivated land resources in Yunnan district.The evaluation of cultivated-layer soil quality and the appropriate range of parameters for sloping farmland are the basis for the development of reasonable plough layer.Based on the Soil Management Assessment Framework(SMAF),taking the cultivated-layer soil quality of sloping farmland in Yunnan province as the research object,this paper constructed a soil quality index evaluation model(CLSQI) for sloping farmland,and used the minimum data set(MDS) method to screen the evaluation indicators to evaluate the soil quality of sloping farmland in Yunnan,proposed the range of soil parameters for rational tillage in sloping farmland.The results showed that the minimum data set(MDS) of soil quality evaluation of sloping farmland in Yunnan region consisted of five indicators:pH value,total nitrogen,total porosity,soil shear strength and slope.The comparative analysis of AL-CLSQI(the cultivated-layer soil quality index calculated by all indicators) and AL-CLSQI(the cultivated-layer soil quality index calculated by the minimum data set index) showed that the evaluation accuracy of cultivated-layer soil quality based on MDS index was higher.In the primary selection index system,the weights of soil bulk density,total porosity,capillary porosity,shear strength,and slope grade were larger,while in the MDS index system,the weight of the slope and total nitrogen content was larger.The cultivated-layer soil quality index(CLSQI) of sloping cultivated land was between 0.39 and 0.84,the mean value was 0.59±0.11,and the coefficient of variation was 0.19.The cultivated-layer soil quality of sloping farmland was generally "medium",and it was generally low.The CLSQI of the sloping farmland in different sampling areas was significantly different(P<0.05),and the size relationship was:Chuxiong>Shuangbai>Xuanwei>Ninger>Malong>Shilin.The 0～20 cm sampling depth sloping farmland CLSQI(mean value 0.59) was greater than >20 cm(mean value 0.56),and the CLSQI(mean value 0.61) of purple soil sloping farmland was larger than the red soil(mean value 0.54)(P<0.05),while the ridge and contour farming cultivation mode sloping farmland CLSQI was larger than that of the straight-plowing.The order of the CLSQI of the sloping farmland in different agricultural divisions was:Northeastern Yunnan>Central Yunnan>Southwest Yunnan.According to the corresponding relationship between the soil quality of the cultivated-layer and the crop productivity and membership function,the cultivated-layer was in a relatively reasonable state when the soil quality grade of the sloping farmland was at a "higher" and above level(CLSQI≥0.6).The appropriate range of MDS indicators for cultivated-layer of sloping land in Yunnan were indicated as follows:the pH value of 5.58～7.82,the total nitrogen content of ≥1.37 g/kg,the total porosity content of ≥52.28%,the soil shear strength value of ≥5.19 kPa,and slope value of ≤11.79°.The suitable range of the above-mentioned cultivated-layer soil parameters can be used as the standard for the rational cultivated-layer diagnosis of sloping farmland in Yunnan.The research can provide theoretical basis and parameter support for the quality evaluation of ploughed plough layer and the construction of reasonable plough layer.
Sloping farmland is an important part of cultivated land resources in Yunnan district.The evaluation of cultivated-layer soil quality and the appropriate range of parameters for sloping farmland are the basis for the development of reasonable plough layer.Based on the Soil Management Assessment Framework(SMAF),taking the cultivated-layer soil quality of sloping farmland in Yunnan province as the research object,this paper constructed a soil quality index evaluation model(CLSQI) for sloping farmland,and used the minimum data set(MDS) method to screen the evaluation indicators to evaluate the soil quality of sloping farmland in Yunnan,proposed the range of soil parameters for rational tillage in sloping farmland.The results showed that the minimum data set(MDS) of soil quality evaluation of sloping farmland in Yunnan region consisted of five indicators:pH value,total nitrogen,total porosity,soil shear strength and slope.The comparative analysis of AL-CLSQI(the cultivated-layer soil quality index calculated by all indicators) and AL-CLSQI(the cultivated-layer soil quality index calculated by the minimum data set index) showed that the evaluation accuracy of cultivated-layer soil quality based on MDS index was higher.In the primary selection index system,the weights of soil bulk density,total porosity,capillary porosity,shear strength,and slope grade were larger,while in the MDS index system,the weight of the slope and total nitrogen content was larger.The cultivated-layer soil quality index(CLSQI) of sloping cultivated land was between 0.39 and 0.84,the mean value was 0.59±0.11,and the coefficient of variation was 0.19.The cultivated-layer soil quality of sloping farmland was generally "medium",and it was generally low.The CLSQI of the sloping farmland in different sampling areas was significantly different(P<0.05),and the size relationship was:Chuxiong>Shuangbai>Xuanwei>Ninger>Malong>Shilin.The 0～20 cm sampling depth sloping farmland CLSQI(mean value 0.59) was greater than >20 cm(mean value 0.56),and the CLSQI(mean value 0.61) of purple soil sloping farmland was larger than the red soil(mean value 0.54)(P<0.05),while the ridge and contour farming cultivation mode sloping farmland CLSQI was larger than that of the straight-plowing.The order of the CLSQI of the sloping farmland in different agricultural divisions was:Northeastern Yunnan>Central Yunnan>Southwest Yunnan.According to the corresponding relationship between the soil quality of the cultivated-layer and the crop productivity and membership function,the cultivated-layer was in a relatively reasonable state when the soil quality grade of the sloping farmland was at a "higher" and above level(CLSQI≥0.6).The appropriate range of MDS indicators for cultivated-layer of sloping land in Yunnan were indicated as follows:the pH value of 5.58～7.82,the total nitrogen content of ≥1.37 g/kg,the total porosity content of ≥52.28%,the soil shear strength value of ≥5.19 kPa,and slope value of ≤11.79°.The suitable range of the above-mentioned cultivated-layer soil parameters can be used as the standard for the rational cultivated-layer diagnosis of sloping farmland in Yunnan.The research can provide theoretical basis and parameter support for the quality evaluation of ploughed plough layer and the construction of reasonable plough layer.
引文
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