防治平贝母菌核病的药剂筛选及田间应用
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摘要
[目的]筛选对平贝母菌核病具有防治效果的杀菌剂。[方法]采用室内筛选、育苗钵及田间应用试验方法对15种化学药剂和生物菌剂进行药效试验。[结果]生物防治菌剂中的1.0×10~9cfu/g哈茨木霉菌防效最好,优于化学药剂中效果最好的430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂,防效分别为79.27%和75.88%;其次是5.0×10~9cfu/g放线菌和1.0×10~(10)cfu/g枯草芽孢杆菌,防效分别为75.67%和70.82%。[结论]哈茨木霉菌对平贝母菌核病的防治效果最好,且无化学农药残留,安全有效,可以作为平贝母菌核病防治的生物药剂。
[Aims] This study aims to screen out fungicides for control of Fritillaria sclerotiorum. [Methods] The efficacy of 15 kinds of chemical and biological fungicides were tested by laboratory screening, seedling bowl and field application. [Results] The 1.0×10~9 cfu/g of Trichoderma harzianum among the biological control agents had the best control effect, which is superior to 430 g/L tebuconazole suspending agent that is the best one among the chemicals, and their control effects were 79.27 and 75.88% respectively; followed by 5.0×10~9 cfu/g actinomycetes and 1.0×10~(10) cfu/g Bacillus subtilis(BioWorks. Inc.), their control effects were 75.67 and 70.82% respectively. [Conclusions] The T. harzianum has good control effect on F. sclerotiorum and has no chemical residues. It is safe and effective, and could be used as an alternative agent for prevention and control of F. sclerotiorum.
[Aims] This study aims to screen out fungicides for control of Fritillaria sclerotiorum. [Methods] The efficacy of 15 kinds of chemical and biological fungicides were tested by laboratory screening, seedling bowl and field application. [Results] The 1.0×10~9 cfu/g of Trichoderma harzianum among the biological control agents had the best control effect, which is superior to 430 g/L tebuconazole suspending agent that is the best one among the chemicals, and their control effects were 79.27 and 75.88% respectively; followed by 5.0×10~9 cfu/g actinomycetes and 1.0×10~(10) cfu/g Bacillus subtilis(BioWorks. Inc.), their control effects were 75.67 and 70.82% respectively. [Conclusions] The T. harzianum has good control effect on F. sclerotiorum and has no chemical residues. It is safe and effective, and could be used as an alternative agent for prevention and control of F. sclerotiorum.
引文
[1]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典(一部)[S].北京:中国医药科技出版社, 2015:97.
[2] KANG D G, OH H, CHO D K, et al. Effects of Bulb ofFritillaria ussuriensis Maxim. on Angiotensin ConvertingEnzyme and Vascular Release of NO/c GMP in Rats[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2002, 81:49-55.
[3] XIU LI-juan, SUN Da-zhi, JIAO Jian-peng, et al. AnticancerEffects of Traditional Chinese Herbs with Phlegm-eliminatingProperties:An Overview[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015,172:155-161.
[4]马兰,代瑞平,谭建东,等.平贝母菌核病的发生与防治[J].现代化农业, 2007(8):5.
[5]宋小双,遇文婧,周琦,等.平贝黑腐病发生的土壤微生态机制及拮抗细菌初步筛选[J].林业科技, 2016, 41(6):18-20.
[6]王海军,杜衍辉.平贝母人工栽培技术[J].北方园艺, 2007(9):233-234.
[7]宋小双,遇文婧,尹大川,等.平贝黑腐病病原菌分离鉴定和生物学特性的初步研究[J].中国森林病虫, 2016, 35(3):7-11.
[8]孔祥清,孔祥森,林春驿.平贝母菌核病的药剂防治试验[J].农药, 2006, 45(10):710-711.
[9]由士江,于洪君,李双福.平贝母菌核病的防治研究[J].吉林林业科技, 2005(3):27-29.
[10]姚彬,王傲雪,李景富.哈茨木霉对4种番茄病原真菌抑制作用的研究[J].东北农业大学学报, 2009, 40(5):26-31.
[11]宋小双,遇文婧,周琦,等.木霉菌剂与重茬净复配防治平贝黑腐病及对平贝诱导抗性[J].森林工程, 2015, 31(6):24-28.
[12]孙光忠,刘元明,邓劲松,等.盾壳霉可湿性粉剂防治油菜菌核病田间药效试验[J].农药科学与管理, 2015, 36(10):45-47.
[13]张拥华,李磊,彭志刚,等.粘帚霉可湿性粉剂助剂的初步研究[J].农药, 2007, 46(2):94-96.
[14]韩立荣,孙平平,张宁,等.油菜菌核病生防放线菌的分离与筛选[J].安徽农业科学, 2011, 39(5):2668-2670.
[15]杨慧,王晓梅,侯志广,等.几种杀菌剂对水稻菌核秆腐病菌的室内毒力测定及田间防效[J].农药, 2015, 54(5):381-383.
[2] KANG D G, OH H, CHO D K, et al. Effects of Bulb ofFritillaria ussuriensis Maxim. on Angiotensin ConvertingEnzyme and Vascular Release of NO/c GMP in Rats[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2002, 81:49-55.
[3] XIU LI-juan, SUN Da-zhi, JIAO Jian-peng, et al. AnticancerEffects of Traditional Chinese Herbs with Phlegm-eliminatingProperties:An Overview[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015,172:155-161.
[4]马兰,代瑞平,谭建东,等.平贝母菌核病的发生与防治[J].现代化农业, 2007(8):5.
[5]宋小双,遇文婧,周琦,等.平贝黑腐病发生的土壤微生态机制及拮抗细菌初步筛选[J].林业科技, 2016, 41(6):18-20.
[6]王海军,杜衍辉.平贝母人工栽培技术[J].北方园艺, 2007(9):233-234.
[7]宋小双,遇文婧,尹大川,等.平贝黑腐病病原菌分离鉴定和生物学特性的初步研究[J].中国森林病虫, 2016, 35(3):7-11.
[8]孔祥清,孔祥森,林春驿.平贝母菌核病的药剂防治试验[J].农药, 2006, 45(10):710-711.
[9]由士江,于洪君,李双福.平贝母菌核病的防治研究[J].吉林林业科技, 2005(3):27-29.
[10]姚彬,王傲雪,李景富.哈茨木霉对4种番茄病原真菌抑制作用的研究[J].东北农业大学学报, 2009, 40(5):26-31.
[11]宋小双,遇文婧,周琦,等.木霉菌剂与重茬净复配防治平贝黑腐病及对平贝诱导抗性[J].森林工程, 2015, 31(6):24-28.
[12]孙光忠,刘元明,邓劲松,等.盾壳霉可湿性粉剂防治油菜菌核病田间药效试验[J].农药科学与管理, 2015, 36(10):45-47.
[13]张拥华,李磊,彭志刚,等.粘帚霉可湿性粉剂助剂的初步研究[J].农药, 2007, 46(2):94-96.
[14]韩立荣,孙平平,张宁,等.油菜菌核病生防放线菌的分离与筛选[J].安徽农业科学, 2011, 39(5):2668-2670.
[15]杨慧,王晓梅,侯志广,等.几种杀菌剂对水稻菌核秆腐病菌的室内毒力测定及田间防效[J].农药, 2015, 54(5):381-383.