文蛤“万里”新品种(系)生长性能养殖比较研究
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摘要
于2016年5月10日至2016年11月10日,在连云港浅海底播和池塘养殖环境下比较研究了文蛤"万里红"、"万里1号"、"万里2号"3个品种(系)商品贝养殖生长性能。6个试验组分别为池养万里红(CW)、池养万里1号(CW_1)、池养万里2号(CW_2)、底播万里红(DW)、底播万里1号(DW_1)、底播万里2号(DW_2)。结果显示:幼贝经60 d养殖,CW_2组壳长显著大于CW、CW_1、DW和DW_1组(p<0.05);壳高和体重显著大于其余各试验组(p<0.05);壳宽显著大于CW、CW_1、DW和DW_2组(p<0.05)。幼贝经120 d养殖,CW、CW_1和CW_2组壳长显著大于DW、DW_1和DW_2(p<0.05);CW和CW_2壳高显著大于CW_1,DW、DW_1和DW_2(p<0.05);CW和CW_2壳宽均显著大于CW_1和DW (p<0.05);CW体重显著大于CW_1(p<0.05)。幼贝经180 d养殖,DW_1和DW_2组壳长显著小于其余各试验组(p<0.05);CW、CW_1和CW_2在壳高、壳宽和体重指标上显著大于DW、DW_1和DW_2(p<0.05)。以上研究表明,文蛤幼贝养成商品贝,"万里"3个新品种(系)在连云港本地池塘养殖优于海区底播养殖;在池塘养殖模式中,前期"万里2号"具有生长优势,中后期"万里"3个品种(系)末体重基本相同,无显著性差异。
The growth performance was studied comparatively in three strains of Meretrix meretrix from"Wanlihong","Wanli 1"and"Wanli 2"under shallow sea bottom sowing culture and pond culture in Lianyungang from May 10 th of 2016 to November 10 th of 2016. The experiment was designed for six groups,"pond culture Wanlihong"(CW),"pond culture Wanli 1"(CW_1),"pond culture Wanli 2"(CW_2),"bottom sowing culture Wanlihong"(DW),"bottom sowing culture Wanli 1"(DW_1) and"bottom sowing culture Wanli 2"(DW_2), respectively. The results indicated that CW_2 was significantly bigger than CW, CW_1, DW and DW_1 in shell length(p<0.05), bigger than other experimental groups in shell height and body weight(p<0.05), bigger than CW, CW_1, DW and DW_2 in shell width(p <0.05) after 60 d cultivation. CW, CW_1 and CW_2were significantly bigger than DW, DW_1 and DW_2in shell length(p<0.05); CW and CW_2 were significantly bigger than CW_1, DW, DW_1 and DW_2in shell height(p<0.05),bigger than CW_1 and DW in shell width(p<0.05), and CW was bigger than CW_1 in weight(p<0.05) after 120 d cultivation. Besides, after 180 d cultivation, DW_1 and DW_2were smaller than other experimental groups in shell length(p<0.05). For shell height, width and weight, CW, CW_1 and CW_2were all significantly bigger than DW,DW_1 and DW_2(p<0.05). The above research showed that three strains of Meretrix meretrix from"Wanlihong","Wanli 1"and "Wanli 2"in pond culture in Liangyungang was better than those in sea bottom sowing. In pond culture model, there was growth advantage of CW_2 in the early stage, no significant difference in end weight among three strains of Meretrix meretrix from"Wanli"in later stage.
The growth performance was studied comparatively in three strains of Meretrix meretrix from"Wanlihong","Wanli 1"and"Wanli 2"under shallow sea bottom sowing culture and pond culture in Lianyungang from May 10 th of 2016 to November 10 th of 2016. The experiment was designed for six groups,"pond culture Wanlihong"(CW),"pond culture Wanli 1"(CW_1),"pond culture Wanli 2"(CW_2),"bottom sowing culture Wanlihong"(DW),"bottom sowing culture Wanli 1"(DW_1) and"bottom sowing culture Wanli 2"(DW_2), respectively. The results indicated that CW_2 was significantly bigger than CW, CW_1, DW and DW_1 in shell length(p<0.05), bigger than other experimental groups in shell height and body weight(p<0.05), bigger than CW, CW_1, DW and DW_2 in shell width(p <0.05) after 60 d cultivation. CW, CW_1 and CW_2were significantly bigger than DW, DW_1 and DW_2in shell length(p<0.05); CW and CW_2 were significantly bigger than CW_1, DW, DW_1 and DW_2in shell height(p<0.05),bigger than CW_1 and DW in shell width(p<0.05), and CW was bigger than CW_1 in weight(p<0.05) after 120 d cultivation. Besides, after 180 d cultivation, DW_1 and DW_2were smaller than other experimental groups in shell length(p<0.05). For shell height, width and weight, CW, CW_1 and CW_2were all significantly bigger than DW,DW_1 and DW_2(p<0.05). The above research showed that three strains of Meretrix meretrix from"Wanlihong","Wanli 1"and "Wanli 2"in pond culture in Liangyungang was better than those in sea bottom sowing. In pond culture model, there was growth advantage of CW_2 in the early stage, no significant difference in end weight among three strains of Meretrix meretrix from"Wanli"in later stage.
引文
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Chen L.M.,Ren Y.P.,and Xu B.D.,2007,Effects of environmental factors on the clearance rate of the transplant enhanced Manila clam(Ruditapes philippinarum)in the Jiaozhou Bay,Nanfang Shuichan Kexue(South China Fisheries Science),3(2):30-35(陈丽梅,任一平,徐宾铎,2007,环境因子对胶州湾移植底播菲律宾蛤仔滤水率的影响,南方水产科学,3(2):30-35)
Dong Z.G.,Li J.L.,Zhen H.F.,Xie N.,and Bai Z.Y.,2007,Comparative study on growth performance of hybrids F1of three stocks of Hyriopsis cumingii,Danshui Yuye(Freshwater Fisheries),37(3):17-21(董志国,李家乐,郑汉丰,谢楠,白志毅,2007,三角帆蚌三个优异群体杂交后代生长性能比较研究,淡水渔业,37(3):17-21)
Feng J.B.,Wang M.Z.,Chen H.C.,Chen X.L.,Sun J.M.,and Li J.L.,2004,Effects of temperature and body size on oxygen consumption rate of Meretrix meretrix,Shanghai Shuichan Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University),13(2):126-129(冯建彬,王美珍,陈汉春,陈贤龙,孙建苗,李家乐,2004,温度和规格对文蛤耗氧率的影响,上海水产大学学报,13(2):126-129)
Guan J.L.,2015,Preliminary study on artificial breeding of Crassostrea hongkongensis and diallel cross from two populations,Thesis for M.S.,Guangxi University,Supervisor:Zhang M.,pp.1-7(官俊良,2015,香港巨牡蛎人工育苗及其两个群体双列杂交的初步研究,硕士学位论文,广西大学,导师:张明,pp.1-7)
Li L.,2015,Extraction,purification,structural analysis and antioxidant,immunity activities preliminary study of polysaccharides from Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus,Thesis for M.S.,Jiangnan University,Supervisor:Lu Z.M.,pp.1-5(李莉,2015,文蛤多糖的提取纯化,结构分析及抗氧化,免疫活性初步研究,硕士学位论文,江南大学,导师:陆震鸣,pp.1-5)
Li S.R.,1997,Freshwater pearl cultivation technology,Beijing:Shield press,pp.1-67(李松荣,1997,淡水珍珠培育技术,北京:金盾出版社,pp.1-67)
Li Z.M.,Liu Z.G.,Yao R.,Luo C.J.,and Yan J.F.,2010,Effect of temperature and salinity on the survival and growth of Meretrix lyrata juveniles,Shengtai Xuebao(Acta Ecologica Sinica),30(13):3406-3413(栗志民,刘志刚,姚茹,骆城金,颜俊飞,2010,温度和盐度对皱肋文蛤幼贝存活与生长的影响,生态学报,30(13):3406-3413)
Lin Z.H.,and Dong Y.H.,2015,Meretrix meretrix(Wanlihong),Zhongguo Shuichan(China Fisheries),(10):50-52(林志华,董迎辉,2015,文蛤“万里红”,中国水产,(10):50-52)
Wang M.Z.,Chen H.C.,and Chen X.L.,2006,Comparison of Several Meretrix meretrix Culture Models in Ponds,Shuichan Kexue(Fisheries Science),25(8):417-419(王美珍,陈汉春,陈贤龙,2006,文蛤池塘养殖几种模式的对比试验,水产科学,25(8):417-419)
Wu Y.P.,Yao G.X.,Chen A.H.,Zhang Z.W.,Zhang C.J.,and Zhang Y.,2012,Morphological diversions in the color of Meretrix meretrix offspring and comparison of breeding effects,Taiwan Haixia(Journal of Oceanography In Taiwan Strait),31(3):412-419(吴杨平,姚国兴,陈爱华,张志伟,张曹进,张雨,2012,红壳色文蛤选育子代各壳色的形态分化及养殖效果的比较,台湾海峡,31(3):412-419)
Yang J.Q.,Jiang M.,Li L.,Dong R.,Xu G.P.,and Shen X.Q.,2016,Effects of pH and salinity on respiration and excretion in Meretrix meretrix,Haiyang Yuye(Marine Fisheries),38(4):406-414(杨杰青,蒋玫,李磊,董冉,许高鹏,沈新强,2016,pH,盐度对文蛤呼吸与排泄的影响,海洋渔业,38(4):406-414)
Yao G.X.,Song X.C.,Yu Z.H.,and Zhang Z.Y.,2000,Influences of some environmental factors on growth of Meretrix meretrix juveniles,Shuichan Yangzhi(Journal of Aquaculture),(1):17-18(姚国兴,宋晓村,于志华,张志勇,2000,环境因子对文蛤幼苗生长的影响,水产养殖,(1):17-18)
Xin Y.,Liu B.Z.,Xiang J.H.,and Jia J.T.,2010,Identification and characterization of the pathogenic effect of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus-related bacterium isolated from clam Meretrix meretrix with mass mortality,Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,103(2):109-115
Zhang A.G.,Yuan X.T.,Yang F.Y.,Wang H.,Wang L.X.,and Zhao K.,2015,Effects of temperature,salinity and sediment on the burrowing behavior of clam Meretrix meretrix,Shengtaixue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Ecology),34(6):1595-1601(张安国,袁秀堂,杨凤影,王宏,王立辛,赵凯,2015,温度,盐度及底质对文蛤潜砂行为的影响,生态学杂志,34(6):1595-1601)
Zhang B.,Huang T.,Xiong J.H.,Xie D.X.,Wei P.Y.,Peng J.X.,and Chen X.H.,2012,Progress and prospect on disease resea rch of cultured hard calm(Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus),Xinan Nongye Xuebao(Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences),25(5):1934-1939(张彬,黄婷,熊建华,谢达祥,韦嫔媛,彭金霞,陈晓汉,2012,养殖文蛤病害研究进展及前景展望,西南农业学报,25(5):1934-1939)
Zhao S.S.,Liu C.C.,and Yang Z.S.,and Huang F.F.,2014,Progress in researches on Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus,Anhui Nongye Kexue(Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science),42(9):2617-2618(赵莎莎,刘晨晨,杨最素,黄芳芳,2014,文蛤的研究进展,安徽农业科学,42(9):2617-2618)
Chen L.M.,Ren Y.P.,and Xu B.D.,2007,Effects of environmental factors on the clearance rate of the transplant enhanced Manila clam(Ruditapes philippinarum)in the Jiaozhou Bay,Nanfang Shuichan Kexue(South China Fisheries Science),3(2):30-35(陈丽梅,任一平,徐宾铎,2007,环境因子对胶州湾移植底播菲律宾蛤仔滤水率的影响,南方水产科学,3(2):30-35)
Dong Z.G.,Li J.L.,Zhen H.F.,Xie N.,and Bai Z.Y.,2007,Comparative study on growth performance of hybrids F1of three stocks of Hyriopsis cumingii,Danshui Yuye(Freshwater Fisheries),37(3):17-21(董志国,李家乐,郑汉丰,谢楠,白志毅,2007,三角帆蚌三个优异群体杂交后代生长性能比较研究,淡水渔业,37(3):17-21)
Feng J.B.,Wang M.Z.,Chen H.C.,Chen X.L.,Sun J.M.,and Li J.L.,2004,Effects of temperature and body size on oxygen consumption rate of Meretrix meretrix,Shanghai Shuichan Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University),13(2):126-129(冯建彬,王美珍,陈汉春,陈贤龙,孙建苗,李家乐,2004,温度和规格对文蛤耗氧率的影响,上海水产大学学报,13(2):126-129)
Guan J.L.,2015,Preliminary study on artificial breeding of Crassostrea hongkongensis and diallel cross from two populations,Thesis for M.S.,Guangxi University,Supervisor:Zhang M.,pp.1-7(官俊良,2015,香港巨牡蛎人工育苗及其两个群体双列杂交的初步研究,硕士学位论文,广西大学,导师:张明,pp.1-7)
Li L.,2015,Extraction,purification,structural analysis and antioxidant,immunity activities preliminary study of polysaccharides from Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus,Thesis for M.S.,Jiangnan University,Supervisor:Lu Z.M.,pp.1-5(李莉,2015,文蛤多糖的提取纯化,结构分析及抗氧化,免疫活性初步研究,硕士学位论文,江南大学,导师:陆震鸣,pp.1-5)
Li S.R.,1997,Freshwater pearl cultivation technology,Beijing:Shield press,pp.1-67(李松荣,1997,淡水珍珠培育技术,北京:金盾出版社,pp.1-67)
Li Z.M.,Liu Z.G.,Yao R.,Luo C.J.,and Yan J.F.,2010,Effect of temperature and salinity on the survival and growth of Meretrix lyrata juveniles,Shengtai Xuebao(Acta Ecologica Sinica),30(13):3406-3413(栗志民,刘志刚,姚茹,骆城金,颜俊飞,2010,温度和盐度对皱肋文蛤幼贝存活与生长的影响,生态学报,30(13):3406-3413)
Lin Z.H.,and Dong Y.H.,2015,Meretrix meretrix(Wanlihong),Zhongguo Shuichan(China Fisheries),(10):50-52(林志华,董迎辉,2015,文蛤“万里红”,中国水产,(10):50-52)
Wang M.Z.,Chen H.C.,and Chen X.L.,2006,Comparison of Several Meretrix meretrix Culture Models in Ponds,Shuichan Kexue(Fisheries Science),25(8):417-419(王美珍,陈汉春,陈贤龙,2006,文蛤池塘养殖几种模式的对比试验,水产科学,25(8):417-419)
Wu Y.P.,Yao G.X.,Chen A.H.,Zhang Z.W.,Zhang C.J.,and Zhang Y.,2012,Morphological diversions in the color of Meretrix meretrix offspring and comparison of breeding effects,Taiwan Haixia(Journal of Oceanography In Taiwan Strait),31(3):412-419(吴杨平,姚国兴,陈爱华,张志伟,张曹进,张雨,2012,红壳色文蛤选育子代各壳色的形态分化及养殖效果的比较,台湾海峡,31(3):412-419)
Yang J.Q.,Jiang M.,Li L.,Dong R.,Xu G.P.,and Shen X.Q.,2016,Effects of pH and salinity on respiration and excretion in Meretrix meretrix,Haiyang Yuye(Marine Fisheries),38(4):406-414(杨杰青,蒋玫,李磊,董冉,许高鹏,沈新强,2016,pH,盐度对文蛤呼吸与排泄的影响,海洋渔业,38(4):406-414)
Yao G.X.,Song X.C.,Yu Z.H.,and Zhang Z.Y.,2000,Influences of some environmental factors on growth of Meretrix meretrix juveniles,Shuichan Yangzhi(Journal of Aquaculture),(1):17-18(姚国兴,宋晓村,于志华,张志勇,2000,环境因子对文蛤幼苗生长的影响,水产养殖,(1):17-18)
Xin Y.,Liu B.Z.,Xiang J.H.,and Jia J.T.,2010,Identification and characterization of the pathogenic effect of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus-related bacterium isolated from clam Meretrix meretrix with mass mortality,Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,103(2):109-115
Zhang A.G.,Yuan X.T.,Yang F.Y.,Wang H.,Wang L.X.,and Zhao K.,2015,Effects of temperature,salinity and sediment on the burrowing behavior of clam Meretrix meretrix,Shengtaixue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Ecology),34(6):1595-1601(张安国,袁秀堂,杨凤影,王宏,王立辛,赵凯,2015,温度,盐度及底质对文蛤潜砂行为的影响,生态学杂志,34(6):1595-1601)
Zhang B.,Huang T.,Xiong J.H.,Xie D.X.,Wei P.Y.,Peng J.X.,and Chen X.H.,2012,Progress and prospect on disease resea rch of cultured hard calm(Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus),Xinan Nongye Xuebao(Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences),25(5):1934-1939(张彬,黄婷,熊建华,谢达祥,韦嫔媛,彭金霞,陈晓汉,2012,养殖文蛤病害研究进展及前景展望,西南农业学报,25(5):1934-1939)
Zhao S.S.,Liu C.C.,and Yang Z.S.,and Huang F.F.,2014,Progress in researches on Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus,Anhui Nongye Kexue(Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science),42(9):2617-2618(赵莎莎,刘晨晨,杨最素,黄芳芳,2014,文蛤的研究进展,安徽农业科学,42(9):2617-2618)