塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部地区下侏罗统储层特征及其主控因素
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摘要
塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部地区下侏罗统具有良好的勘探前景,已有勘探成果表明研究区内储层特征差异性较大,储层发育的主控因素亟需研究。主要根据野外露头观测及岩心观察,对库车坳陷东部地区下侏罗统沉积相进行了研究,并结合铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射、镜质体反射率(R_O)、孔隙度及渗透率等分析测试成果,对下侏罗统储层岩石学特征、成岩作用特征及储层发育主控因素进行了详细研究。研究表明:库车坳陷东部地区下侏罗统主要发育辫状河及辫状河三角洲沉积,局部发育扇三角洲沉积;储层成分成熟度较低,主要为长石岩屑砂岩及岩屑砂岩,残余原生粒间孔及次生溶孔为主要的储集空间类型,储层总体呈自东向西逐渐变差的趋势;储层先后经历多期成岩作用的影响,其中压实作用和胶结作用对储层伤害最大,溶蚀作用及破裂作用则对储层有明显改善作用;储层目前处于中成岩阶段B期—晚成岩阶段,可划分为溶蚀—原生粒间孔隙相、溶蚀破裂相、碳酸盐致密胶结相及致密压实相4种成岩相,溶蚀—原生粒间孔隙相储层最好,次为溶蚀破裂相储层;储层物性同时受到物源、沉积相及成岩作用的影响和控制,主河道发育区原始粒间孔隙较为发育,而较低的花岗岩岩屑和塑性岩屑含量则有利于粒间孔隙的保存和次生溶孔的形成,研究区东部和中部储层物性相对最好,应作为勘探的重点区域。
The Lower Jurassic in the eastern area of Kuqa Depression in Tarim Basin has good exploration prospects.The preliminary exploration results show that the reservoir characteristics in the study area are quite different,and the major factors influencing the reservoir quality need to be studied.Based on field outcrop observation and core observation,the Lower Jurassic sedimentary facies in the eastern Kuqa Depression were studied.And combined with the casting thin sections,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction,vitrinitereflectance(R_O),porosity and permeability analytical results,the Jurassic reservoir petrology characteristics,diagenesis characteristics and the major factors influencing the reservoir quality have been studied in detail.The results show that braided river and braided river delta are mainly developed and fan deltalocally developed in the Lower Jurassic in the eastern Kuqa Depression.Reservoir compositional maturity is low,and it is mainly composed offeldspathic lithic sandstone and lithic sandstone.The main reservoir space is composedof residual original intergranular pores and dissolved pores,and the reservoirshowed a trend of gradual variation from east to west.The reservoir has experienced the influence of multiple diagenesis successively,among which compaction and cementation have the greatest harm to the reservoir,while dissolution and fracture have obvious improvement to the reservoir.At present,the reservoir is in the Mesozoic stage B to late diagenesis stage.The reservoir can be divided into 4 diageneticfacies,including dissolution-primary intergranular pore facies,dissolution burst facies,dense carbonate cementation facies and dense compaction facies.The reservoir of dissolution-primary intergranular pore faciesis the best,and the secondary is dissolution-rupture facies.The reservoir property is affected and controlled by source,sedimentary facies and diagenesis at the same time.The primary intergranular pores are more developed in the main channel development area.The lower content of granite debris and plastic debris is conducive to the preservation of intergranular pores and the formation of secondary dissolved pores.The eastern and central parts of the study area havethe best reservoir property and should be the key area for exploration.
The Lower Jurassic in the eastern area of Kuqa Depression in Tarim Basin has good exploration prospects.The preliminary exploration results show that the reservoir characteristics in the study area are quite different,and the major factors influencing the reservoir quality need to be studied.Based on field outcrop observation and core observation,the Lower Jurassic sedimentary facies in the eastern Kuqa Depression were studied.And combined with the casting thin sections,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction,vitrinitereflectance(R_O),porosity and permeability analytical results,the Jurassic reservoir petrology characteristics,diagenesis characteristics and the major factors influencing the reservoir quality have been studied in detail.The results show that braided river and braided river delta are mainly developed and fan deltalocally developed in the Lower Jurassic in the eastern Kuqa Depression.Reservoir compositional maturity is low,and it is mainly composed offeldspathic lithic sandstone and lithic sandstone.The main reservoir space is composedof residual original intergranular pores and dissolved pores,and the reservoirshowed a trend of gradual variation from east to west.The reservoir has experienced the influence of multiple diagenesis successively,among which compaction and cementation have the greatest harm to the reservoir,while dissolution and fracture have obvious improvement to the reservoir.At present,the reservoir is in the Mesozoic stage B to late diagenesis stage.The reservoir can be divided into 4 diageneticfacies,including dissolution-primary intergranular pore facies,dissolution burst facies,dense carbonate cementation facies and dense compaction facies.The reservoir of dissolution-primary intergranular pore faciesis the best,and the secondary is dissolution-rupture facies.The reservoir property is affected and controlled by source,sedimentary facies and diagenesis at the same time.The primary intergranular pores are more developed in the main channel development area.The lower content of granite debris and plastic debris is conducive to the preservation of intergranular pores and the formation of secondary dissolved pores.The eastern and central parts of the study area havethe best reservoir property and should be the key area for exploration.
引文
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[12]Huang Kenan,Zhan Jiazhen,Zou Yisheng,et al.Sedimentary environment and palaeoclimate of the Triassic and Jurassic in Kuqa river area[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2003,5(2):197-208.黄克难,詹家祯,邹义声,等.新疆库车河地区三叠系和侏罗系沉积环境及古气候[J].古地理学报,2003,5(2):197-208.
[13]Wang Genhai,Shou Jianfeng.The relationship between the characteristics of sand bodies and the properties of Lower Jurassic reservoirs in eastern Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2001,28(4):33-35.王根海,寿建峰.库车坳陷东部下侏罗统砂体特征与储集层性质的关系[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(4):33-35.
[14]Kang Hailiang,Lin Changsong,Li Honghui,et al.Reservoir characteristics and favorable zone prediction of tight sandstone gas of the Ahe Formation in Yinan area,Kuqa Depression[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2016,38(2):162-169.康海亮,林畅松,李洪辉,等.库车坳陷依南地区阿合组致密砂岩气储层特征与有利区带预测[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(2):162-169.
[15]Zhang Nini,Liu Luofu,Su Tianxi,et al.Reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of the Lower Jurassic tight sandstone in eastern Kuqa Depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(1):160-169.张妮妮,刘洛夫,苏天喜,等.库车坳陷东部下侏罗统致密砂岩储层特征及主控因素[J].沉积学报,2015,33(1):160-169.
[16]Wang Changyong,Wang Chengyu,Liang Xiaowei,et al.Diagenetic facies of the Chang 8oil-bearing layer of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Jiyuan area,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(4):596-604.王昌勇,王成玉,梁小伟,等.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区上三叠统延长组长8油层组成岩相[J].石油学报,2011,32(4):596-604.
[17]Wang Feiyu,Zhang Shuichang,Zhang Baomin,et al.Organic maturity of Mesozoic source rock sin Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1999,20(3):221-224.王飞宇,张水昌,张宝民,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷中生界烃源岩有机质成熟度[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(3):221-224.
[18]Liang Digang,Chen Jianping,Zhang Baomin,et al.Continental Hydrocarbon Generation in Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004:106-140.梁狄刚,陈建平,张宝民,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷陆相油气的生成[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:106-140.
[19]Lu Bin,Li Jian,Ran Qigui,et al.Geochemical characteristics and genetic identification of light hydrocarbon generated in the thermal pyrolytic experiments of source rocks from the east of Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(6):1129-1136.卢斌,李剑,冉启贵,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部烃源岩热模拟轻烃特征及成因判识[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(6):1129-1136.
[20]Xiao Fei,Liu Luofu,Gao Xiaoyue,et al.Geological features and favorable area prediction of the Mid-Jurassic shale gas in Kuqa Depression[J].Narural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(10):1668-1677.肖飞,刘洛夫,高小跃,等.库车坳陷中侏罗统页岩气地质特征及有利区预测[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(10):1668-1677.
[2]He Dengfa,Zhou Xinyuan,Yang Haijun,et al.Geological structure and its controls on giant oil and gas fields in Kuqa Depression:A clue from new shot seismic date[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2009,33(1):19-32.何登发,周新源,杨海军,等.库车坳陷的地质结构及其对大油气田的控制作用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):19-32.
[3]Wang Qingchen,Li Zhong.Basin-mountain System and Hydrocarbon in Kuche-Tianshan Area[M].Beijing:Science Publishing House,2007.王清晨,李忠.库车-天山盆山系统与油气[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[4]Ma Yujie,Luo Jinhai,Tang Yangang,et al.Geological age of the basement of the eastern segment of the Kuche Depression and its geological significances[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2011,46(2):475-482.马玉杰,罗金海,唐雁刚,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部基底地层的时代及其地质意义[J].地质科学,2011,46(2):475-482.
[5]Ju Yan,Sun Xiongwei,Liu Liwei,et al.Characteristics of Jurassic tight sandstone gas reservoir in Dibei area of Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2014,35(3):264-267.琚岩,孙雄伟,刘立炜,等.库车坳陷迪北致密砂岩气藏特征[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(3):264-267.
[6]Guo Jigang,Pang Xiongqi,Liu Dandan,et al.Hydrocarbon expulsion for Middle-Lower Jurassic coal measures and evaluation of potential resource in Kuqa Depression[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(2):327-334.郭继刚,庞雄奇,刘丹丹,等.库车坳陷中、下侏罗统煤系烃源岩排烃特征及资源潜力评价[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(2):327-334.
[7]Zhang Liqiang,Yan Yiming,Luo Xiaorong,et al.Diagenetic differences of tight sandstone of the Lower Jurassic Ahe Formation in the Yiqikelike area of the Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2018,25(2):170-178.张立强,严一鸣,罗晓容,等.库车坳陷依奇克里克地区下侏罗统阿合组致密砂岩储层的成岩差异性特征研究[J].地学前缘,2018,25(2):170-178.
[8]Yang Shengu,Zou Huayao.An analysis of influential factors on Lower Jurassic reservoirs in Yinan structure[J].Henan Petroleum,2004,18(4):4-6.杨申谷,邹华耀.依南构造下侏罗统储层影响因素分析[J].河南石油,2004,18(4):4-6.
[9]Wu Chaodong,Wang Qiqi,Feng Xue,et al.Multi-grain fraction analysis of clay minerals and the geological meanings of sedimentary environment and diagenesis in Jurassic of Kuqia Depression,Xinjiang,China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2007,23(7):1655-1663.吴朝东,王琪琪,冯雪,等.新疆库车凹陷侏罗系多粒级黏土矿物分析方法及其对沉积-成岩环境的指示[J].岩石学报,2007,23(7):1655-1663.
[10]He Hong,Guo Jianhua,Gao Yunfeng.Jurassic sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary facies in Kuqa Depression of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,2002,24(4):1-3.何宏,郭建华,高云峰.塔里木盆地库车坳陷侏罗系层序地层与沉积相[J].石油天然气学报,2002,24(4):1-3.
[11]Liu Haixing,Qin Tianxi,Yang Zhiyong.Sedimentary facies of the Triassic-Jurassic strata in the Tarim Basin,Xinjiang[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2003,23(1):37-44.刘海兴,秦天西,杨志勇.塔里木盆地三叠系-侏罗系沉积相[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2003,23(1):37-44.
[12]Huang Kenan,Zhan Jiazhen,Zou Yisheng,et al.Sedimentary environment and palaeoclimate of the Triassic and Jurassic in Kuqa river area[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2003,5(2):197-208.黄克难,詹家祯,邹义声,等.新疆库车河地区三叠系和侏罗系沉积环境及古气候[J].古地理学报,2003,5(2):197-208.
[13]Wang Genhai,Shou Jianfeng.The relationship between the characteristics of sand bodies and the properties of Lower Jurassic reservoirs in eastern Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2001,28(4):33-35.王根海,寿建峰.库车坳陷东部下侏罗统砂体特征与储集层性质的关系[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(4):33-35.
[14]Kang Hailiang,Lin Changsong,Li Honghui,et al.Reservoir characteristics and favorable zone prediction of tight sandstone gas of the Ahe Formation in Yinan area,Kuqa Depression[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2016,38(2):162-169.康海亮,林畅松,李洪辉,等.库车坳陷依南地区阿合组致密砂岩气储层特征与有利区带预测[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(2):162-169.
[15]Zhang Nini,Liu Luofu,Su Tianxi,et al.Reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of the Lower Jurassic tight sandstone in eastern Kuqa Depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015,33(1):160-169.张妮妮,刘洛夫,苏天喜,等.库车坳陷东部下侏罗统致密砂岩储层特征及主控因素[J].沉积学报,2015,33(1):160-169.
[16]Wang Changyong,Wang Chengyu,Liang Xiaowei,et al.Diagenetic facies of the Chang 8oil-bearing layer of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Jiyuan area,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(4):596-604.王昌勇,王成玉,梁小伟,等.鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区上三叠统延长组长8油层组成岩相[J].石油学报,2011,32(4):596-604.
[17]Wang Feiyu,Zhang Shuichang,Zhang Baomin,et al.Organic maturity of Mesozoic source rock sin Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1999,20(3):221-224.王飞宇,张水昌,张宝民,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷中生界烃源岩有机质成熟度[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(3):221-224.
[18]Liang Digang,Chen Jianping,Zhang Baomin,et al.Continental Hydrocarbon Generation in Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004:106-140.梁狄刚,陈建平,张宝民,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷陆相油气的生成[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:106-140.
[19]Lu Bin,Li Jian,Ran Qigui,et al.Geochemical characteristics and genetic identification of light hydrocarbon generated in the thermal pyrolytic experiments of source rocks from the east of Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(6):1129-1136.卢斌,李剑,冉启贵,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部烃源岩热模拟轻烃特征及成因判识[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(6):1129-1136.
[20]Xiao Fei,Liu Luofu,Gao Xiaoyue,et al.Geological features and favorable area prediction of the Mid-Jurassic shale gas in Kuqa Depression[J].Narural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(10):1668-1677.肖飞,刘洛夫,高小跃,等.库车坳陷中侏罗统页岩气地质特征及有利区预测[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(10):1668-1677.