社会转型下的单位社区适老性景观更新策略研究:以重棉厂社区为例
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摘要
老龄化社会背景下,社区养老发展成为中国城市的主要养老模式,单位社区老龄化问题较其他新兴社区更为典型,是社区养老建设的重要阵地。因其制度转型导致原有功能和结构破碎,使得该类社区普遍存在适老性缺失问题,突显出单位社区适老性景观更新研究的迫切性。以重庆土湾重棉厂社区为例,通过社会调查量表和半开放式访谈等方式,调查老年人日常行为路径、社会网络特征和文化记忆感知,发现了社区服务体系分离、社会网络分化和集体记忆缺失三大既存问题,由此构建出完善社区服务体系、增加多元交往空间、延续单位集体记忆的适老性景观干预途径,从而为单位社区适老性景观建设提供理论探寻和实践样本借鉴。
Under the background of aging society, community old-age care has become the main mode of providing for the aged in Chinese cities. The ageing problem in unit communities is more typical than other emerging communities, and they have become a major front in community pension construction. Since institutional transformation has led to the fragmentation of the original function and structure, there is a general lack for the elders in such communities. This highlights the urgency of studies of elderly friendly landscape renewal in unit communities.Citing the community attached to the cotton mill in Tuwan, Chongqing as an example, this paper investigates the daily behavior paths, social network characteristics and cultural memory perception of the elderly through social survey scale and semi-open interviews. It has found three major problems, which are the separation of the community service system, the differentiation of social network and the loss of collective memory. It hence puts forward the elderly friendly landscape intervention approach, comprising the improvement of the community service system,increasing diversified communication space, and extending the unit collective memory, thus providing a theoretical exploration and practical sample for the construction of elderly friendly landscape in the unit communities.
Under the background of aging society, community old-age care has become the main mode of providing for the aged in Chinese cities. The ageing problem in unit communities is more typical than other emerging communities, and they have become a major front in community pension construction. Since institutional transformation has led to the fragmentation of the original function and structure, there is a general lack for the elders in such communities. This highlights the urgency of studies of elderly friendly landscape renewal in unit communities.Citing the community attached to the cotton mill in Tuwan, Chongqing as an example, this paper investigates the daily behavior paths, social network characteristics and cultural memory perception of the elderly through social survey scale and semi-open interviews. It has found three major problems, which are the separation of the community service system, the differentiation of social network and the loss of collective memory. It hence puts forward the elderly friendly landscape intervention approach, comprising the improvement of the community service system,increasing diversified communication space, and extending the unit collective memory, thus providing a theoretical exploration and practical sample for the construction of elderly friendly landscape in the unit communities.
引文
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[12]周燕珉,刘佳燕.居住区户外环境的适老化设计[J].建筑学报,2013(3):60-64.
[13]骆天庆,傅玮芸.人口老龄化背景下的社区公园活动空间和游憩设施配置上海实例研究[J].风景园林,2016(4):96-101.
[14]刘博新,徐越.不同园林景观类型对老年人身心健康影响研究[J].风景园林,2016(7):113-120.
[15]CATHERINE H,ALEXANDER H S,JOLANDA J,et al.The Social Treatment:The Benefits of Group Interventions in Residential Care Settings[J].Psychology and Aging,2010,25(1):157-167.
文中图表由作者拍摄和绘制。
[2]孙泽宇.关于我国城市社区居家养老服务问题与对策的思考[J].中国劳动关系学院学报,2007(1):98-101.
[3]阎安.论社区居家养老:中国城市养老模式的新选择[J].科学经济社会,2007(2):86-89,93.
[4]陈友华.居家养老及其相关的几个问题[J].人口学刊,2012(4):51-59.
[5]张波.我国居家养老模式研究综述与展望[J].四川理工学院学报(社会科学版),2013,28(4):10-14.
[6]张艳,柴彦威,周千钧.中国城市单位大院的空间性及其变化:北京京棉二厂的案例[J].国际城市规划,2009,24(5):20-27.
[7]塔娜,柴彦威,刘志林.单位社区杂化过程与城市性的构建[J].人文地理,2012(3):39-43.
[8]张汉.中国体制转型背景下的单位制社区变迁[J].南方建筑,2010(1):68-69.
[9]张泉,邢占军.社区空间布局对老年人社区关系网络的影响机制研究[J].城市发展研究,2015,22(11):87-93.
[10]许剑峰,黄瓴.当代重庆城市的空间生产与集体记忆[J].新建筑,2007(5):24-27.
[11]王声菲,金荷仙,贾梅.养老环境中的康复景观研究进展[J].风景园林,2016(12):106-112.
[12]周燕珉,刘佳燕.居住区户外环境的适老化设计[J].建筑学报,2013(3):60-64.
[13]骆天庆,傅玮芸.人口老龄化背景下的社区公园活动空间和游憩设施配置上海实例研究[J].风景园林,2016(4):96-101.
[14]刘博新,徐越.不同园林景观类型对老年人身心健康影响研究[J].风景园林,2016(7):113-120.
[15]CATHERINE H,ALEXANDER H S,JOLANDA J,et al.The Social Treatment:The Benefits of Group Interventions in Residential Care Settings[J].Psychology and Aging,2010,25(1):157-167.
文中图表由作者拍摄和绘制。