种植方式对土壤水分及高粱生长的影响
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摘要
为明确种植方式与土壤水分含量、高粱生长发育、产量及产量构成因素的关系,以高粱杂交种‘通杂139’为试验材料,研究了大田条件下种植方式对土壤含水量、高粱生长、产量及其构成因素的影响。采用随机区组设计,3次重复。试验设3个处理方式,分别为B1—等行距50 cm(种植密度10.5万株/hm~2)、B2—二比空1(行距50 cm种2行空1行,种植密度10.5万株/hm~2)和B3—二比空2(行距50 cm种2行空2行,种植密度7.0万株/hm~2)。结果表明:等行距种植方式平均株高最高,二比空2种植方式平均茎粗最大,且各处理差异显著。二比空1种植方式可显著提高0～40 cm垄上土壤含水量,提高整个生育期内土壤平均含水量,显著增加叶面积指数和显著提升籽粒产量。本研究结论:‘通杂139’种植方式为种2行空1行,种植密度10.5万株/hm~2,株距10.58 cm×50 cm时,能更好地协调群体结构,使籽粒产量达到较高水平。
To clarify the relationships between planting pattern and soil water content, growth anddevelopment, yield and its component factors of sorghum, an experiment with sorghum variety‘Tongza 139'wasconducted under field conditions. We adopted the randomized complete block with 3 replications, and employed3 planting patterns, including B1(equal row spacing 50 cm and planting density 105 thousand plants/hm~2), B2(row spacing 50 cm and planting 2 rows with 1 row empty and planting density 105 thousand plants/hm~2), B3(rowspacing 50 cm and planting 2 rows with 2 rows empty and planting density 70 thousand plants/hm~2). The resultsshowed that: the average plant height of B1 was the highest, the average plant stem diameter of B3 was thelargest and there were significant differences among the treatments; the planting pattern of B2 couldsignificantly increase soil water content in rows of 0-40 cm, increase the average soil water content during thewhole growth period, significantly increase the leaf area index and the grain yield. The study shows that theplanting pattern B2 of‘Tongza 139'(planting density of 105 thousand plants/hm~2, plant spacing of 10.58 cm×50 cm) can well coordinate the group structure and raise the grain yield to a high level.
To clarify the relationships between planting pattern and soil water content, growth anddevelopment, yield and its component factors of sorghum, an experiment with sorghum variety‘Tongza 139'wasconducted under field conditions. We adopted the randomized complete block with 3 replications, and employed3 planting patterns, including B1(equal row spacing 50 cm and planting density 105 thousand plants/hm~2), B2(row spacing 50 cm and planting 2 rows with 1 row empty and planting density 105 thousand plants/hm~2), B3(rowspacing 50 cm and planting 2 rows with 2 rows empty and planting density 70 thousand plants/hm~2). The resultsshowed that: the average plant height of B1 was the highest, the average plant stem diameter of B3 was thelargest and there were significant differences among the treatments; the planting pattern of B2 couldsignificantly increase soil water content in rows of 0-40 cm, increase the average soil water content during thewhole growth period, significantly increase the leaf area index and the grain yield. The study shows that theplanting pattern B2 of‘Tongza 139'(planting density of 105 thousand plants/hm~2, plant spacing of 10.58 cm×50 cm) can well coordinate the group structure and raise the grain yield to a high level.
引文
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[13]王文鹏,毛如志,陈建斌,等.种植方式对玉米不同生长期土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(10):1293-1301.
[14]付健,杨克军,王玉凤,等.种植方式和密度对寒地高产玉米品种产量及光合物质生产特性的影响[J].玉米科学,2014,22(6):84-90.
[15]张倩,张洪生,宋希云,等.种植方式和密度对夏玉米光合特征及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2015,34(4):1235-1241.
[16]魏珊珊,王祥宇,董树亭,等.株行距配置对高产夏玉米冠层结构及籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):441-450.
[17]王劲松,杨楠,董二伟,等.不同种植密度对高粱生长、产量及养分吸收的影响[J].中国农业通报,2013,29(36):253-258.
[18]邓志兰,呼瑞梅,王振国,等.种植密度对杂交甜高粱‘通甜1号’生长发育、品质及产量的影响[J].内蒙古农业科技,2013(1):20-23.
[19]淮贺举,陆洲,秦向阳,等.种植密度对小麦产量和群体质量影响的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(9):1-4.
[20]杨楠,丁玉川,焦晓燕,等.种植密度对高粱群体生理指标、产量及其构成因素的影响[J].农学学报,2013,3(07):11-17.
[2]李宗新,陈源泉,王庆成,等.密植条件下种植方式对夏玉米群体根冠特性及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(23):7391-7397.
[3]范厚明,余莉,余慧明,等.不同种植方式对玉米生长发育及产量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2003,31(4):25-26.
[4]朱自芬,周美兰,李仕华,等.不同种植方式对高粱产量的影响[J].云南农业科技,2009,1(2):17-22.
[5]辛宗绪,赵术伟,孔凡信,等.不同种植方式对高粱生长发育及产量的影响[J].中国种业,2014,1(6):40-43.
[6]李锐,刘瑜,褚贵新,等.不同种植方式对绿洲农田土壤酶活性与微生物多样性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(2):490-496.
[7]赵甘霖,丁国祥,刘天朋,等.宽窄行和等行距栽培条件下高粱种植密度与产量的关系研究[J].农学学报,2013,3(8):11-13.
[8]辛宗绪,刘志,赵术伟,等.辽西地区高粱不同种植模式试验初报[J].辽宁农业科学,2012(3):57-58.
[9]刘丽华,郑桂萍,钱永德,等.垄上单、双行种植及施肥量对杂交甜高粱产量和品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2010,3(14):15-18.
[10]李洪岐,蔺海明,梁书荣,等.密度和种植方式对夏玉米酶活性和产量的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(20):6584-6589.
[11]颜世海,吴晓丹,王俊国,等.彰武县高粱适宜种植密度及种植方式研究[J].现代农业科技,2012,1(5):78-82.
[12]吴霞,陈源泉,隋鹏,等.种植方式对华北春玉米密植群体冠层结构的调控效应[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(1):18-24.
[13]王文鹏,毛如志,陈建斌,等.种植方式对玉米不同生长期土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(10):1293-1301.
[14]付健,杨克军,王玉凤,等.种植方式和密度对寒地高产玉米品种产量及光合物质生产特性的影响[J].玉米科学,2014,22(6):84-90.
[15]张倩,张洪生,宋希云,等.种植方式和密度对夏玉米光合特征及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2015,34(4):1235-1241.
[16]魏珊珊,王祥宇,董树亭,等.株行距配置对高产夏玉米冠层结构及籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):441-450.
[17]王劲松,杨楠,董二伟,等.不同种植密度对高粱生长、产量及养分吸收的影响[J].中国农业通报,2013,29(36):253-258.
[18]邓志兰,呼瑞梅,王振国,等.种植密度对杂交甜高粱‘通甜1号’生长发育、品质及产量的影响[J].内蒙古农业科技,2013(1):20-23.
[19]淮贺举,陆洲,秦向阳,等.种植密度对小麦产量和群体质量影响的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(9):1-4.
[20]杨楠,丁玉川,焦晓燕,等.种植密度对高粱群体生理指标、产量及其构成因素的影响[J].农学学报,2013,3(07):11-17.