修辞术与“古今之间”:论当代爱尔兰诗人迈克尔·朗利的“史诗书写”
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摘要
当代爱尔兰诗人迈克尔·朗利在其诗作中多次引入荷马史诗中的诗节或意象,以具有"地方色彩"的词汇予以再现,重新彰显了其中为柏拉图诗学所贬损的形象或文辞,思索了暴力、哀悼与和解等主题。本文引入西蒙娜·薇依、朱迪斯·巴特勒等思想家关于史诗的论述,探讨朗利的"史诗书写",指出其"荷马诗节"既承继了古典世界的深蕴与厚重,又附加了当代政治的现实感与紧迫性,不仅是援古证今的修辞术,还是隐晦的诗学策略,指向了一种"反柏拉图"的"脆弱美学"。
Contemporary Irish poet Michael Longley frequently makes use of stanzas and images from Homer's epics, renders them into local-colored language, and foregrounds those portrayals and descriptions deprecated by Plato, in order to reflect on the issues of violence, mourning and reconciliation. This paper draws on insights of Simone Weil and Judith Butler to discuss Longley's "epic writing." It puts forward that his Homeric stanzas not only carry on the sophistication and depth of the Classical world but also incorporate the sense of reality and immediacy of contemporary politics. Thus they are not just rhetorical devices of allusions but cryptic poetic strategies, pointing to an anti-Plato aesthetic of fragility.
Contemporary Irish poet Michael Longley frequently makes use of stanzas and images from Homer's epics, renders them into local-colored language, and foregrounds those portrayals and descriptions deprecated by Plato, in order to reflect on the issues of violence, mourning and reconciliation. This paper draws on insights of Simone Weil and Judith Butler to discuss Longley's "epic writing." It puts forward that his Homeric stanzas not only carry on the sophistication and depth of the Classical world but also incorporate the sense of reality and immediacy of contemporary politics. Thus they are not just rhetorical devices of allusions but cryptic poetic strategies, pointing to an anti-Plato aesthetic of fragility.
引文
Baldick,Chris.Literary Terms.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education,2000.
Brearton,Fran.“Poetry of the 1960s:The‘Northern Ireland Renaissance.’”Campbell,Cambridge Companion94-112.
-.Reading Michael Longley.Tarset:Bloodaxe,2006.
Brown,John.“Michael Longley.”In the Chair:Interviews with Poets from the North of Ireland.Cliffs of Moher:Salmon,2002.87-96.
Brown,Terence.“Mahon and Longley.”Campbell,Cambridge Companion 133-48.
Campbell,Matthew,ed.The Cambridge Companion to Contemporary Irish Poetry.Cambridge:Cambridge UP,2003.
-.“Ireland in Poetry:1999,1949,1969.”Campbell,Cambridge Companion 1-20.
Clark,Heather.The Ulster Renaissance Poetry in Belfast 1962-1972.Oxford:Oxford UP,2006.
Dunn,Douglas.“Longley’s Metric.”Peacock and Devine 13-33.
Eagleton,Terry,Fredric Jameson,and Edward W.Said.Nationalism,Colonialism,and Literature.Intro.Seamus Deane.Minneapolis:U of Minnesota P,1990.
-.“Nationalism:Irony and Commitment.”Eagleton,Jameson and Said 23-42.
Heaney,Seamus.Finders Keepers.London:Faber,2002
Homer.The Iliad.Trans.Robert Fitzgerald.New York:Anchor,1974.
-.The Odyssey.Trans.Ian Johnston.Arlington:Richer Resources,2006.
Jameson,Fredric.“Modernism and Imperialism.”Eagleton,Jameson and Said 43-68.
Kiberd,Declan.Inventing Ireland.Cambridge:Harvard UP,1995.
Ling,Ruth.“Small-Holdings and Papery Houses:The Making of Michael Longley’s Miniature,‘Madame Butterfly.’”English 52(2003):53-63.
Longley,Michael.Collected Poems.London:Cape Poetry,2006.
McDonald,Peter.“Lapsed Classics:Homer,Ovid and Michael Longley’s Poetry.”Peacock and Devine 35-50.
Peacock,Alan J.,and Kathleen Devine,eds.The Poetry of Michael Longley.Gerrards Cross:Colin Smythe,2000.
Quinn,Justin.The Cambridge Introduction to Modern Irish Poetry 1800-2000.Cambridge:Cambridge UP,2008.
Rea,Alan I.Jr.“Michael Longley.”Modern Irish Writers:A Bio-Critical Sourcebook.Ed.Alexander G.Gonzalez.Westport:Greenwood,1997.167-71.
Said,Edward.“Yeats and Decolonization.”Eagleton,Jameson and Said 69-95.
Sontag,Susan.Illness as Metaphor.New York:Farrar,1977.
Volsik,Paul.“‘That Dark Permanence of Ancient Forms’:Negotiating with the Epic in Northern Irish Poetry of the Troubles.”The Oxford Handbook of British and Irish War Poetry.Ed.Tim Kendall.Oxford:Oxford UP,2007.669-83.
Waters,John P.“Form and Identity in Northern Irish Poetry.”Postwar British and Irish Poetry.Ed.Nigel Alderman and C.D.Blanton.West Sussex:Wiley-Blackwell,2009.92-110.
巴特勒:《脆弱不安的生命--哀悼与暴力的力量》,何磊、赵英男译。郑州:河南大学出版社,2004。[Butler,Judith.Precarious Life.Trans.He Lei and Zhao Yingnan.Zhengzhou:Henan UP,2004.]
巴特勒:《战争的框架》,何磊译。郑州:河南大学出版社,2016。[Butler,Judith.Frames of War.Trans.He Lei.Zhengzhou:Henan UP,2016.]
柏拉图:《理想国》,郭斌和、张竹明译。北京:商务印书馆,1986。[Plato.Republic.Trans.Guo Binhe and Zhang Zhuming.Beijing:Commercial,1986.]
施特劳斯,《迫害与写作艺术》,刘锋译。北京:华夏出版社,2012。[Strauss,Leo.Persecution and the Art of Writing.Trans.Liu Feng.Beijing:Huaxia,2012.]
薇依:《柏拉图对话中的神:薇依论古希腊文学》,吴雅凌译。北京:华夏出版社,2012。[Weil,Simone.Dieu Dans Platon.Trans.Wu Yaling.Beijing:Huaxia,2012.]
夏延华、李成坚:《试论朗利在北爱危机文化和解中的作用》,载《中南大学学报(社会科学版)》2014年第5期,第222-27页。[Xia,Yanhua,and Li Chengjian.“On Michael Longley’s Contribution in the Cultural Reconciliation of Northern Ireland.”Journal of Central South University(Social Science)5(2014):222-27.]
(1)近年,夏延华、李成坚(2014)等学者曾围绕民族、文化等主题专文解读了朗利诗作。
(1)所谓“史诗比喻”,指的是荷马史诗中那些复杂精致以至“喧宾夺主”、近乎令故事发展相形见绌的比喻(Baldick71)。
(1)《伊利亚特》中,Simoeisios(104)、Peiros(105)、Eniopeus(185)等,皆是被长矛从乳头处刺穿身体而丧生。
Brearton,Fran.“Poetry of the 1960s:The‘Northern Ireland Renaissance.’”Campbell,Cambridge Companion94-112.
-.Reading Michael Longley.Tarset:Bloodaxe,2006.
Brown,John.“Michael Longley.”In the Chair:Interviews with Poets from the North of Ireland.Cliffs of Moher:Salmon,2002.87-96.
Brown,Terence.“Mahon and Longley.”Campbell,Cambridge Companion 133-48.
Campbell,Matthew,ed.The Cambridge Companion to Contemporary Irish Poetry.Cambridge:Cambridge UP,2003.
-.“Ireland in Poetry:1999,1949,1969.”Campbell,Cambridge Companion 1-20.
Clark,Heather.The Ulster Renaissance Poetry in Belfast 1962-1972.Oxford:Oxford UP,2006.
Dunn,Douglas.“Longley’s Metric.”Peacock and Devine 13-33.
Eagleton,Terry,Fredric Jameson,and Edward W.Said.Nationalism,Colonialism,and Literature.Intro.Seamus Deane.Minneapolis:U of Minnesota P,1990.
-.“Nationalism:Irony and Commitment.”Eagleton,Jameson and Said 23-42.
Heaney,Seamus.Finders Keepers.London:Faber,2002
Homer.The Iliad.Trans.Robert Fitzgerald.New York:Anchor,1974.
-.The Odyssey.Trans.Ian Johnston.Arlington:Richer Resources,2006.
Jameson,Fredric.“Modernism and Imperialism.”Eagleton,Jameson and Said 43-68.
Kiberd,Declan.Inventing Ireland.Cambridge:Harvard UP,1995.
Ling,Ruth.“Small-Holdings and Papery Houses:The Making of Michael Longley’s Miniature,‘Madame Butterfly.’”English 52(2003):53-63.
Longley,Michael.Collected Poems.London:Cape Poetry,2006.
McDonald,Peter.“Lapsed Classics:Homer,Ovid and Michael Longley’s Poetry.”Peacock and Devine 35-50.
Peacock,Alan J.,and Kathleen Devine,eds.The Poetry of Michael Longley.Gerrards Cross:Colin Smythe,2000.
Quinn,Justin.The Cambridge Introduction to Modern Irish Poetry 1800-2000.Cambridge:Cambridge UP,2008.
Rea,Alan I.Jr.“Michael Longley.”Modern Irish Writers:A Bio-Critical Sourcebook.Ed.Alexander G.Gonzalez.Westport:Greenwood,1997.167-71.
Said,Edward.“Yeats and Decolonization.”Eagleton,Jameson and Said 69-95.
Sontag,Susan.Illness as Metaphor.New York:Farrar,1977.
Volsik,Paul.“‘That Dark Permanence of Ancient Forms’:Negotiating with the Epic in Northern Irish Poetry of the Troubles.”The Oxford Handbook of British and Irish War Poetry.Ed.Tim Kendall.Oxford:Oxford UP,2007.669-83.
Waters,John P.“Form and Identity in Northern Irish Poetry.”Postwar British and Irish Poetry.Ed.Nigel Alderman and C.D.Blanton.West Sussex:Wiley-Blackwell,2009.92-110.
巴特勒:《脆弱不安的生命--哀悼与暴力的力量》,何磊、赵英男译。郑州:河南大学出版社,2004。[Butler,Judith.Precarious Life.Trans.He Lei and Zhao Yingnan.Zhengzhou:Henan UP,2004.]
巴特勒:《战争的框架》,何磊译。郑州:河南大学出版社,2016。[Butler,Judith.Frames of War.Trans.He Lei.Zhengzhou:Henan UP,2016.]
柏拉图:《理想国》,郭斌和、张竹明译。北京:商务印书馆,1986。[Plato.Republic.Trans.Guo Binhe and Zhang Zhuming.Beijing:Commercial,1986.]
施特劳斯,《迫害与写作艺术》,刘锋译。北京:华夏出版社,2012。[Strauss,Leo.Persecution and the Art of Writing.Trans.Liu Feng.Beijing:Huaxia,2012.]
薇依:《柏拉图对话中的神:薇依论古希腊文学》,吴雅凌译。北京:华夏出版社,2012。[Weil,Simone.Dieu Dans Platon.Trans.Wu Yaling.Beijing:Huaxia,2012.]
夏延华、李成坚:《试论朗利在北爱危机文化和解中的作用》,载《中南大学学报(社会科学版)》2014年第5期,第222-27页。[Xia,Yanhua,and Li Chengjian.“On Michael Longley’s Contribution in the Cultural Reconciliation of Northern Ireland.”Journal of Central South University(Social Science)5(2014):222-27.]
(1)近年,夏延华、李成坚(2014)等学者曾围绕民族、文化等主题专文解读了朗利诗作。
(1)所谓“史诗比喻”,指的是荷马史诗中那些复杂精致以至“喧宾夺主”、近乎令故事发展相形见绌的比喻(Baldick71)。
(1)《伊利亚特》中,Simoeisios(104)、Peiros(105)、Eniopeus(185)等,皆是被长矛从乳头处刺穿身体而丧生。
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