一种采用洁净空气绝缘和真空灭弧技术的环境友好型GIS的研究和应用
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摘要
对于高压产品尤其是GIS/AIS开关,SF_6一直被作为主要的灭弧和绝缘介质广泛使用。但因为其非常高的全球变暖潜能(GWP=23 900),在过去几十年人们从没停止过对其替代气体的研究和寻找工作。近年氟化腈(如:C4-PFN即C4F7N)和氟代酮(如:C5-PFK即C5F10O)气体及其混合气体作为潜在的SF_6替代气体受到关注和初步应用;同时采用基于真空灭弧室灭弧配合洁净空气绝缘的GIS/AIS开关产品上也被开发并有了实际应用。文中简单总结了现有SF_6替代气体方案的技术现状,并重点介绍一种基于洁净空气绝缘和真空灭弧技术、不采用SF_6和任何氟类气体的GIS产品在研发过程中的一些关键技术,试验发现和最终应用情况。首先通过洁净空气在GIS中不同工况下的绝缘击穿试验和典型缺陷下的局放试验确立该新型GIS的尺寸参数标准;其次比较了GIS隔离开关和接地开关在洁净空气、C4-PFN混合气体、C5-PFK混合气体以及SF_6气体等不同工况下的小电流开合性能,并确定了洁净空气的相关开合特性和相对的优缺点;然后描述了为了满足高压断路器性能对真空灭弧室关键技术的相关改进情况;此外还从环境、安全和运维角度,对使用上述几种气体的开关进行了优劣势评估和讨论;最后结合该类新型开关设备的现场运行经验,认为基于洁净空气绝缘和真空灭弧技术的环境友好型GIS是理想的SF_6 GIS的替代产品。
Sulphur hexafluoride(SF_6)is widely used as main medium for arc quenching and insulation gas in AIS and GIS high voltage products.However,it is also a gas with a high global warming potential(GWP=23 900),therefore,searching for alternative gases has been ongoing since the past several decades.In recent years,perfluoronitrile(e.g.C_4F_7N called as C_4-PFN)and perfluoroketone(e.g.C5 F10 O called as C5-PFK)have been proposed as alternative to SF_6.On the other hand AIS and GIS high voltage products based on vacuum interrupting and clean air technology are successfully introduced into operation.In the present article the technical status of SF_6 alternative approaches is summarized and an SF_6-and F-gas free GIS based on clean air insulation and vacuum switching technology is presented.Several key technical considerations,tests and applications with regard to this GIS are given.Firstly,criteria for reliable and safe insulating dimensions of this new GIS are gained through dielectric breakdown tests under various conditions and typical partial discharge tests using clean air as the medium.And vacuum interrupting unit is accordingly improved in certain aspects to meet requirements for high-voltage circuit-breakers.Then the lowcurrent switching tests are carried out on real GIS disconnector and earthing switch,respectively using clear air,C4-PFN mixtures,C5-PFK mixtures and SF_6 as medium,to determine the switching performance in clean air in comparison with other above gases,and the benefits and drawbacks within clean air are described as well.Moreover,the crucial technical improvements of VIU for HV circuit breaker application are introduced.Finally GIS with these gases are also compared from perspective of safety,environment,operation and maintenance.In conclusion,combining with experiences of real applications of such switchgear,we do believe that this SF_6-/F-gas free GIS,based on clean air insulation and vacuum switching technology,is the ideal replacement of SF_6 GIS.
Sulphur hexafluoride(SF_6)is widely used as main medium for arc quenching and insulation gas in AIS and GIS high voltage products.However,it is also a gas with a high global warming potential(GWP=23 900),therefore,searching for alternative gases has been ongoing since the past several decades.In recent years,perfluoronitrile(e.g.C_4F_7N called as C_4-PFN)and perfluoroketone(e.g.C5 F10 O called as C5-PFK)have been proposed as alternative to SF_6.On the other hand AIS and GIS high voltage products based on vacuum interrupting and clean air technology are successfully introduced into operation.In the present article the technical status of SF_6 alternative approaches is summarized and an SF_6-and F-gas free GIS based on clean air insulation and vacuum switching technology is presented.Several key technical considerations,tests and applications with regard to this GIS are given.Firstly,criteria for reliable and safe insulating dimensions of this new GIS are gained through dielectric breakdown tests under various conditions and typical partial discharge tests using clean air as the medium.And vacuum interrupting unit is accordingly improved in certain aspects to meet requirements for high-voltage circuit-breakers.Then the lowcurrent switching tests are carried out on real GIS disconnector and earthing switch,respectively using clear air,C4-PFN mixtures,C5-PFK mixtures and SF_6 as medium,to determine the switching performance in clean air in comparison with other above gases,and the benefits and drawbacks within clean air are described as well.Moreover,the crucial technical improvements of VIU for HV circuit breaker application are introduced.Finally GIS with these gases are also compared from perspective of safety,environment,operation and maintenance.In conclusion,combining with experiences of real applications of such switchgear,we do believe that this SF_6-/F-gas free GIS,based on clean air insulation and vacuum switching technology,is the ideal replacement of SF_6 GIS.
引文
[1]中国国务院应对气候变化司.中华人民共和国气候变化第一次两年更新报告[R].北京:国家应对气候变化战略研究和国际合作中心出版,2016.Department of Climate Change,State Council of China.The People's Republic of China first biennial update report on climate change[R].Beijing:National Center of Strategic Research and International Cooperation on Climate Change,2016.
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[3]NIEMEYER L.A systematic search for insulation gases and their environmental evaluation[C]//8th Springer Conference on Gaseous Dielectrics.S,US:Springer,1998:459-464.
[4]CHRISTOPHOROU L O,LTHOFF G J,GREEN D S.Gases for electrical insulation and arc interruption:Possible present and future alternatives to pure SF6[R].Gaithersburg,US:NIST,1997.
[5]邓云坤,马仪,陈先富,等.CF3I-N2混合气体在稍不均匀和极不均匀电场中的工频击穿特性[J].高电压技术,2017,43(3):754-764.DENG Yunkun,MA Yi,CHEN Xianfu,et al.AC breakdown characteristics of CF3I-N2 gas mixtures in condition of quasihomogeneous and extremely non-uniform electric field[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(3):754-764.
[6]KIEFFEL Y,GIRODET A,BIQUEZ F,et al.CF3I gas and its mixtures:Potential for electrical insulation[C]//CIGRE.Paris,France:CIGRE,2014:24-29.
[7]DIGGELMANN T.Okoeffiziente GIS:Innovation in der GIStechnologie[R].Zurich,Switzerland:ABB Press,2015.
[8]HYRENBACH M,HINTZEN T,MULLER P,et al.Alternative gas insulation in medium-voltage switchgear[C]//23th International Conference on Electricity Distribution.Lyon,France:IEEE,2015:587-591.
[9]SEEGER M,SMEETS R,YAN J,et al.Recent development and interrupting performance with SF6 alternative gases[R].[S.l.]:Electra,2017.
[10]3M.3Mnovec4710dielectricfluid[Z].SaintPaul:3M,2015.
[11]3M.3M novec 5110 dielectric fluid[Z].Saint Paul:3M,2015.
[12]OHLINK P,MEYER F,KIEFFEL Y,et al.Characteristics of a fluoronitrile/CO2 mixture-An alternative to SF6[C]//CIGRE.Paris,France:CIGRE,2016:204.
[13]GAUTSCHI D,FICHEUX A,WALTER M,et al.Application of a fluoronitrile gas in GIS and GIL as an environmental friendly alternative to SF6[C]//CIGRE.Paris,France:CIGRE,2016:106.
[14]MANTILLA J,CLAESSENS M,KRIEGEL M.Environmentally friendly perfluoroketones-based mixture as switching medium in high voltage circuit breakers[C]//CIGRE.Paris,France:CIGRE,2016:113.
[15]MANTILLA J,GARIBOLDI N,GROB S,et al.Investigation of the insulation performance of a new gas mixture with extremely low GWP[C]//Electrical Insulation Conference.Philadelphia,USA:[s.n.],2014:1-5.
[16]PREVE C,MALADEN R,PICCOZ D,et al.Validation method and comparison of SF6 alternative gases[C]//CIGRE.Paris,France:CIGRE,2016:205.
[17]CIGRE WG D1.51.Dry air,N2,CO2 and N2/SF6 mixtures for gas-insulated system[R].[S.l.]:CIGRE,2018.
[18]SIMKA P,RANJAN N.Dielectric strength of C5 perfluoroketone[C]//19th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering.Pilsen Czech:ISH,2015:23-28.
[19]李兴文,邓云坤,姜旭,等.环保气体C4F7N和C5F10O与CO2混合气体的绝缘性能及其应用[J].高电压技术,2017,43(3):708-714.LI Xingwen,DENG Yunkun,JIANG Xu,et al.Insulation performance and application of enviroment-friendly gases mixtures of C4F7N and C5F10O with CO2[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(3):708-714.
[20]RADISAVLJEVIC B,STOLLER P C.Switching performance of alternative gaseous mixtures in high-voltage circuit breakers[C]//20thInternationalSymposiumonHighVoltageEngineering.BuenosAires,Argentina:ISH,2017:1-6.
[21]KNOBLOCH H.The comparison of arc-extinguishing capability of sulfur hexafluoride(SF6)with alternative gases in high-voltage circuit-breakers[C]//8th Conference on Gaseous Dielectrics.Springer,US:Springer,1998:565-571.
[22]MAJINA A,UCHILLI T,MORI T,et al.Arc temperature around current zero in a large current interruption using pure CO2 gas,CO2/O2 and CO2/N2 gas mixtures[C]//19th International Conference on Gas Discharges and Their Application.Beijing,China:GD,2012:289-295.
[23]UCHILL T,MAJINA A,KOSHIZUKA T,et al.Thermal interruption capabilities of CO2 gas and CO2-based gas mixtures[C]//18th International Conference on Gas Discharges and TheirApplications.Greifsuald,Germany:GD,2010:78-81.
[24]STOLLER P C,SEEGER M,IORDANIDIS A,et al.CO2 as an arc interruption medium in gas circuit breakers[J].IEEETransactions on Plasma Science,2013,41(8):2359-2369.
[25]张晓星.研制环保气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备[EB/OL].2018-08-08.http://www.ces-plasma.org.cn/show news.ZHANG Xiaoxing.Developed eco-friendly gas insulated switch-gear[EB/OL].2018-08-08.http://www.ces-plasma.org.cn/show news.
[26]WENZEL N,LAWALL A,SCHüMANN U,et al.Combined experimental and theoretical study of constriction threshold of large-gap AMF vacuum arcs[C]//XXVI International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum.Mumbai,India:ISDEIV,2014:193-196.
[27]PSOTTA T,HINRICHSEN V,KYNAST E,et al.Investigation on the conditioning of high-voltage vacuum Interrupters arcs[C]//XXVI International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum.Mumbai,India:ISDE-IV,2014:1-4.
[28]BRUCHER J,GIERE S,WATIER C,etal.3AV1FG-72.5 kVprototype vacuum circuit breaker(case study with pilot customers)[C]//CIGRE.Paris,France:CIGRE,2012:1-6.
[29]PENG L,FENG P,SONG'AN J,et al.Research and development of 126 kV single-break vacuum circuit breaker[C]//1st International Conference on Electric Power EquipmentSwitching Technology.Xi'an,China:EPE,2011:110-114.
[30]Siemens AG,Vacuum switching technology up to 145 kilovolts also benefits CO2 impact[EB/OL].2016-08-22.https://newscenter.siemens.com/siemens-news.
[31]ROKUNOHE T,YAGIHASHI Y,ENDO F,et al.Development of 72 kV high-pressure air-insulated GIS with vacuum circuit breaker[J].IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy,2005,125(12):1270-1277.
[32]STEUER M.A GIS innovation at the Hannover Messe[EB/OL].2015-04-13.https://newscenter.siemens.com/siemensnews.
[33]Siemens AG.SF6-free high-voltage switchgear handed over to customer[EB/OL].2018-07-07.https://newscenter.siemens.com/siemens-news.
[34]RICHTER F.Comparison of switching behavior of 145 kVvacuum and SF6 circuit-breakers in the case of switching off shunt reactor currents[C]//CIGRE.Auckland,US:CI-GRE,2013:432-437.
[2]WOOTTON R E.Gases superior to SF6 for insulation and interruption,EPRI-2620 Research Project 847-1[Z].[S.l.]:Westinghouse Electric and E.I.du Pont de Nemours&Co.,1982.
[3]NIEMEYER L.A systematic search for insulation gases and their environmental evaluation[C]//8th Springer Conference on Gaseous Dielectrics.S,US:Springer,1998:459-464.
[4]CHRISTOPHOROU L O,LTHOFF G J,GREEN D S.Gases for electrical insulation and arc interruption:Possible present and future alternatives to pure SF6[R].Gaithersburg,US:NIST,1997.
[5]邓云坤,马仪,陈先富,等.CF3I-N2混合气体在稍不均匀和极不均匀电场中的工频击穿特性[J].高电压技术,2017,43(3):754-764.DENG Yunkun,MA Yi,CHEN Xianfu,et al.AC breakdown characteristics of CF3I-N2 gas mixtures in condition of quasihomogeneous and extremely non-uniform electric field[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(3):754-764.
[6]KIEFFEL Y,GIRODET A,BIQUEZ F,et al.CF3I gas and its mixtures:Potential for electrical insulation[C]//CIGRE.Paris,France:CIGRE,2014:24-29.
[7]DIGGELMANN T.Okoeffiziente GIS:Innovation in der GIStechnologie[R].Zurich,Switzerland:ABB Press,2015.
[8]HYRENBACH M,HINTZEN T,MULLER P,et al.Alternative gas insulation in medium-voltage switchgear[C]//23th International Conference on Electricity Distribution.Lyon,France:IEEE,2015:587-591.
[9]SEEGER M,SMEETS R,YAN J,et al.Recent development and interrupting performance with SF6 alternative gases[R].[S.l.]:Electra,2017.
[10]3M.3Mnovec4710dielectricfluid[Z].SaintPaul:3M,2015.
[11]3M.3M novec 5110 dielectric fluid[Z].Saint Paul:3M,2015.
[12]OHLINK P,MEYER F,KIEFFEL Y,et al.Characteristics of a fluoronitrile/CO2 mixture-An alternative to SF6[C]//CIGRE.Paris,France:CIGRE,2016:204.
[13]GAUTSCHI D,FICHEUX A,WALTER M,et al.Application of a fluoronitrile gas in GIS and GIL as an environmental friendly alternative to SF6[C]//CIGRE.Paris,France:CIGRE,2016:106.
[14]MANTILLA J,CLAESSENS M,KRIEGEL M.Environmentally friendly perfluoroketones-based mixture as switching medium in high voltage circuit breakers[C]//CIGRE.Paris,France:CIGRE,2016:113.
[15]MANTILLA J,GARIBOLDI N,GROB S,et al.Investigation of the insulation performance of a new gas mixture with extremely low GWP[C]//Electrical Insulation Conference.Philadelphia,USA:[s.n.],2014:1-5.
[16]PREVE C,MALADEN R,PICCOZ D,et al.Validation method and comparison of SF6 alternative gases[C]//CIGRE.Paris,France:CIGRE,2016:205.
[17]CIGRE WG D1.51.Dry air,N2,CO2 and N2/SF6 mixtures for gas-insulated system[R].[S.l.]:CIGRE,2018.
[18]SIMKA P,RANJAN N.Dielectric strength of C5 perfluoroketone[C]//19th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering.Pilsen Czech:ISH,2015:23-28.
[19]李兴文,邓云坤,姜旭,等.环保气体C4F7N和C5F10O与CO2混合气体的绝缘性能及其应用[J].高电压技术,2017,43(3):708-714.LI Xingwen,DENG Yunkun,JIANG Xu,et al.Insulation performance and application of enviroment-friendly gases mixtures of C4F7N and C5F10O with CO2[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(3):708-714.
[20]RADISAVLJEVIC B,STOLLER P C.Switching performance of alternative gaseous mixtures in high-voltage circuit breakers[C]//20thInternationalSymposiumonHighVoltageEngineering.BuenosAires,Argentina:ISH,2017:1-6.
[21]KNOBLOCH H.The comparison of arc-extinguishing capability of sulfur hexafluoride(SF6)with alternative gases in high-voltage circuit-breakers[C]//8th Conference on Gaseous Dielectrics.Springer,US:Springer,1998:565-571.
[22]MAJINA A,UCHILLI T,MORI T,et al.Arc temperature around current zero in a large current interruption using pure CO2 gas,CO2/O2 and CO2/N2 gas mixtures[C]//19th International Conference on Gas Discharges and Their Application.Beijing,China:GD,2012:289-295.
[23]UCHILL T,MAJINA A,KOSHIZUKA T,et al.Thermal interruption capabilities of CO2 gas and CO2-based gas mixtures[C]//18th International Conference on Gas Discharges and TheirApplications.Greifsuald,Germany:GD,2010:78-81.
[24]STOLLER P C,SEEGER M,IORDANIDIS A,et al.CO2 as an arc interruption medium in gas circuit breakers[J].IEEETransactions on Plasma Science,2013,41(8):2359-2369.
[25]张晓星.研制环保气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备[EB/OL].2018-08-08.http://www.ces-plasma.org.cn/show news.ZHANG Xiaoxing.Developed eco-friendly gas insulated switch-gear[EB/OL].2018-08-08.http://www.ces-plasma.org.cn/show news.
[26]WENZEL N,LAWALL A,SCHüMANN U,et al.Combined experimental and theoretical study of constriction threshold of large-gap AMF vacuum arcs[C]//XXVI International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum.Mumbai,India:ISDEIV,2014:193-196.
[27]PSOTTA T,HINRICHSEN V,KYNAST E,et al.Investigation on the conditioning of high-voltage vacuum Interrupters arcs[C]//XXVI International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum.Mumbai,India:ISDE-IV,2014:1-4.
[28]BRUCHER J,GIERE S,WATIER C,etal.3AV1FG-72.5 kVprototype vacuum circuit breaker(case study with pilot customers)[C]//CIGRE.Paris,France:CIGRE,2012:1-6.
[29]PENG L,FENG P,SONG'AN J,et al.Research and development of 126 kV single-break vacuum circuit breaker[C]//1st International Conference on Electric Power EquipmentSwitching Technology.Xi'an,China:EPE,2011:110-114.
[30]Siemens AG,Vacuum switching technology up to 145 kilovolts also benefits CO2 impact[EB/OL].2016-08-22.https://newscenter.siemens.com/siemens-news.
[31]ROKUNOHE T,YAGIHASHI Y,ENDO F,et al.Development of 72 kV high-pressure air-insulated GIS with vacuum circuit breaker[J].IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy,2005,125(12):1270-1277.
[32]STEUER M.A GIS innovation at the Hannover Messe[EB/OL].2015-04-13.https://newscenter.siemens.com/siemensnews.
[33]Siemens AG.SF6-free high-voltage switchgear handed over to customer[EB/OL].2018-07-07.https://newscenter.siemens.com/siemens-news.
[34]RICHTER F.Comparison of switching behavior of 145 kVvacuum and SF6 circuit-breakers in the case of switching off shunt reactor currents[C]//CIGRE.Auckland,US:CI-GRE,2013:432-437.
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