半干旱区域高速公路绿化带建设对地下水循环的影响: 以京藏高速公路呼包段为例
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摘要
高速公路绿化带能美化环境,吸尘减噪,保持水土,但在降水量少的干旱地区,高速公路绿化带主要依赖地下水补给,会对区域地下水资源分布产生一定影响。以土默川平原北部呼包高速绿化带为研究对象,利用3S技术将研究区的绿化带进行分类,同时,结合ET_0等相关公式计算绿化带的蒸腾耗水量。在收集区域水文地质资料的基础上,掌握研究区的地下水补径排特征,计算研究区侧向补给量,进而得出绿化带蒸腾耗水量与地下水补给量之间的关系,定量分析高速公路绿化带建设对区域地下水循环的影响。结果表明:研究区地下水补给主要来源于大青山山前侧向补给,主要排泄为地下水径流排泄及绿化带的蒸腾耗水; 2016-07—2017-06期间,研究区非植被区、植被覆盖区分别占总面积的17%和83%,绿化带年蒸散发量为1006.10 mm,蒸腾耗水量为2434.86×10~4m~3/a;山前侧向补给量为24372.16×10~4m~3/a;绿化带蒸腾耗水量约占山前侧向补给量的10%。由此可见,高速公路绿化带的建设对地下水资源分布有着重要的影响。
Highway greenbelts can beautify the environment,absorb dust and noise,and conserve water and soil. However,in arid areas with low precipitation,highway greenbelts mainly rely on groundwater recharge,which would have certain impact on regional groundwater resources distribution. This paper takes the Hubao highway greenbelt in the northern part of the Tumochuan Plain as a case study. Based on the analysis of the groundwater recharge characteristics,3S technology and the Penman formula are used to calculate the transpiration rates under different vegetation coverage along the highway greenbelt. Groundwater recharge and the impact of highway greenbelt construction on the distribution of groundwater resources in the Beijing-Tibet Expressway are then analyzed. The results show that groundwater in the study area comes mainly from lateral recharge of the Daqingshan Mountain. The main discharge is groundwater runoff and transpiration along the greenbelt. During the period of July 2016 to June 2017,the non-vegetation and vegetation covered parts(17% and 83% of the total area,respectively) of the study area has an annual evapotranspiration of 1,006.10 mm. Along the greenbelt,transpiration water consumption is of 2,434.86×10~4 m~3/a,and lateral recharge from the mountain front is of 24,372.16×10~4 m~3/a. The transpiration water consumption of the greenbelt accounts for 10% of the lateral recharge from the mountain,which shows that the construction of highway greenbelts has an important impact on the distribution of groundwater resources.
Highway greenbelts can beautify the environment,absorb dust and noise,and conserve water and soil. However,in arid areas with low precipitation,highway greenbelts mainly rely on groundwater recharge,which would have certain impact on regional groundwater resources distribution. This paper takes the Hubao highway greenbelt in the northern part of the Tumochuan Plain as a case study. Based on the analysis of the groundwater recharge characteristics,3S technology and the Penman formula are used to calculate the transpiration rates under different vegetation coverage along the highway greenbelt. Groundwater recharge and the impact of highway greenbelt construction on the distribution of groundwater resources in the Beijing-Tibet Expressway are then analyzed. The results show that groundwater in the study area comes mainly from lateral recharge of the Daqingshan Mountain. The main discharge is groundwater runoff and transpiration along the greenbelt. During the period of July 2016 to June 2017,the non-vegetation and vegetation covered parts(17% and 83% of the total area,respectively) of the study area has an annual evapotranspiration of 1,006.10 mm. Along the greenbelt,transpiration water consumption is of 2,434.86×10~4 m~3/a,and lateral recharge from the mountain front is of 24,372.16×10~4 m~3/a. The transpiration water consumption of the greenbelt accounts for 10% of the lateral recharge from the mountain,which shows that the construction of highway greenbelts has an important impact on the distribution of groundwater resources.
引文
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[18]罗洪斌.大青山前坡及京藏高速公路两侧防护林体系建设研究[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,2016,39(5):27-31.
[19]耿博闻,唐韵智,吴斌,等.高速公路两侧绿化配置对降噪效果的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2013(23):112-116.
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[21]MILAN M,TOSCANO A.Evapotranspiration from pilot-scale constructed wetlands planted with/r,Phragmites australis/r,in a Mediterranean environment[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,Part A,2013,48(5):568-580.
[22]邸苏闯,吴文勇,刘洪禄,等.基于遥感技术的绿地耗水估算与蒸散发反演[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(10):98-104.
[23]刘晓波,董少刚,刘白薇,等.内蒙古土默川平原地下水水文地球化学特征及其成因[J].地球学报,2017,38(6):919-929.
[24]赵明,郭志中,王耀琳,等.不同地下水位植物蒸腾耗水特性研究[J].干旱区研究,2003(4):286-291.
[25]金晓媚.黑河下游额济纳绿洲荒漠植被与地下水位埋深的定量关系[J].地学前缘,2010,17(6):181-186.
(1)中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所.大黑河流域(平原区)地下水资源保护与开发利用调查评价.2016.
[2]谢先明,廖兴良,王渊.公路建设对地下水水源地影响预测[J].地下水,2016,38(4):18-20.
[3]由明宇,曹广祝,覃荣高.某高速公路修建对地下水的影响防治[J].低温建筑技术,2016,38(7):107-108.
[4]张颖.黄土地区铁路建设项目对地下水环境的影响研究[J].铁道标准设计,2017(12):140-144.
[5]赵俊喜.高速公路建设中做好水土保持的措施分析[J].科技创新与应用,2018(12):129-130.
[6]吴贵艳,李涛.高速公路设计中绿色环保问题的探讨[J].工程技术研究,2018,40(3):203-204.
[7]ZHOU X,HE X,SUN S,et al.Influences of expressway construction and environmental protection of ecological environment in Low Hilly Areas-As Tongling-Nanling-Xuancheng expressway an example in Anhui Province[J].Environmental Science&Management,2009,34(1):192-194.
[8]CHEN Y.Approach to several issues and countermeasures on sustainable development of Highland Mountainous District-Expressway construction and ecological environment during western China development[J].Journal of Kunming University of Science&Technology,2003,28(2):127-131.
[9]杜振宇,邢尚军,宋玉民,等.高速公路绿化带对交通噪声的衰减效果研究[J].生态环境学报,2007,16(1):31-35.
[10]王慧,郭晋平,张芸香,等.公路绿化带对路旁土壤重金属污染格局的影响及防护效应——以山西省主要公路为例[J].生态学报,2010,30(22):6218-6226.
[11]ZHOU S X.The interpretation on the whole process of highway engineering cost control[M]//IEEE.Proceedings of the Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation.Hongkong:International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatromics Automation,2013:1181-1184.
[12]卢娜.基于遥感的鄂尔多斯盆地蒸发量计算及植被指数分析[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2006.
[13]王超,董少刚,刘晓波,等.城市化对呼和浩特市潜水补给影响研究[J].现代地质,2018,32(3):574-583.
[14]彭世彰,徐俊增.参考作物蒸发蒸腾量计算方法的应用比较[J].灌溉排水学报,2004(6):5-9.
[15]刘晓英,林而达,刘培军.Priestley-Taylor与Penman法计算参照作物腾发量的结果比较[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(1):32-36.
[16]赵璐,梁川,崔宁博.不同ET0计算方法在川中丘陵地区的比较及改进[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(24):92-98.
[17]SRIVASTAVA P K,ISLAM T,GUPTA M,et al.WRF dynamical downscaling and bias correction schemes for NCEP estimated hydro-meteorological variables[J].Water Resources Management,2015,29(7):2267-2284.
[18]罗洪斌.大青山前坡及京藏高速公路两侧防护林体系建设研究[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,2016,39(5):27-31.
[19]耿博闻,唐韵智,吴斌,等.高速公路两侧绿化配置对降噪效果的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2013(23):112-116.
[20]PENNY B,GEOFF J,SIVA G,et al.Classification trees for poverty mapping[J].Computational Statistics and Data Analysis,2017,115:53-66.
[21]MILAN M,TOSCANO A.Evapotranspiration from pilot-scale constructed wetlands planted with/r,Phragmites australis/r,in a Mediterranean environment[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,Part A,2013,48(5):568-580.
[22]邸苏闯,吴文勇,刘洪禄,等.基于遥感技术的绿地耗水估算与蒸散发反演[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(10):98-104.
[23]刘晓波,董少刚,刘白薇,等.内蒙古土默川平原地下水水文地球化学特征及其成因[J].地球学报,2017,38(6):919-929.
[24]赵明,郭志中,王耀琳,等.不同地下水位植物蒸腾耗水特性研究[J].干旱区研究,2003(4):286-291.
[25]金晓媚.黑河下游额济纳绿洲荒漠植被与地下水位埋深的定量关系[J].地学前缘,2010,17(6):181-186.
(1)中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所.大黑河流域(平原区)地下水资源保护与开发利用调查评价.2016.