人工智能创新价值链构建研究
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摘要
本文针对人工智能(AI)创新活动的认识和评价问题,进行了人工智能创新价值链构建研究。对创新价值链的理论溯源及演化进行了研究,总结并分析创新价值链的特点。将创新描述为一个整合的流程,源头是知识与技术的创新,由一系列子阶段连续构成,核心精神是价值的增值。归纳出6个包括人才竞争的竞争根源,商业需求是重要驱动力等在内的现阶段人工智能创新活动与创新价值实现。并在此基础上尝试构建包含两环节18个指标的人工智能创新价值链的结构和指标体系,以对人工智能创新过程进行认识与评价。
Aiming at the recognition and evaluation of artificial intelligence(AI) innovation activities, the innovation value chain of artificial intelligence is constructed. This paper studies the theoretical origin and evolution of innovation value chain, summarizes the characteristics of innovation value chain——describing innovation as an integrated process, originating from innovation of knowledge and technology, consisting of a series of sub-stages, the core spirit is the value added. And it sums up six characteristics of artificial intelligence innovation activities and value realization at the present stage, including talent competition as the source of competition and business demand as an important driving force.On this basis, it is the first attempt to construct the structure and index system of artificial intelligence innovation value chain with two links and 18 indicators, in order to recognize and evaluate the process of artificial intelligence innovation.
Aiming at the recognition and evaluation of artificial intelligence(AI) innovation activities, the innovation value chain of artificial intelligence is constructed. This paper studies the theoretical origin and evolution of innovation value chain, summarizes the characteristics of innovation value chain——describing innovation as an integrated process, originating from innovation of knowledge and technology, consisting of a series of sub-stages, the core spirit is the value added. And it sums up six characteristics of artificial intelligence innovation activities and value realization at the present stage, including talent competition as the source of competition and business demand as an important driving force.On this basis, it is the first attempt to construct the structure and index system of artificial intelligence innovation value chain with two links and 18 indicators, in order to recognize and evaluate the process of artificial intelligence innovation.
引文
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[23]Jin H,Feng B,Wu Y,et al.Do government grants promote innovation efficiency in China’s high-tech industries?[J].Technovation,2016,57-58:4-13
[24]Wang S,Fan J,Zhao D,et al.Regional innovation environment and innovation efficiency:the Chinese case[J].Technology Analysis&Strategic Management,2016,28(4):396-410
[25]Bronzini R,Piselli P.The impact of R&D subsidies on firm innovation[J].Research Policy,2016,45(2):442-457
[26]Guan J,Chen K.Measuring the innovation production process:a cross-region empirical study of China’s hightech innovations[J].Technovation,2010,30(5):348-358
[27]Chen X,Liu Z,Zhu Q.Performance evaluation of China’s high-tech innovation process:analysis based on the innovation value chain[J].Technovation,2018,74-75:42-53
[28]Czarnitzki D,Hottenrott H,Thorwarth S.Industrial research versus development investment:the implications of financial constraints[J].Cambridge Journal of Economics,2011,35(3):527-544
[29]Mairtta O W.Determinants of university-firm R&D collaboration and its impact on innovation:a perspective from a low-tech industry[J].Research Policy,2015,44(7):1341-1359
[30]Spanos Y E,Vonortas N S,Voudouris I.Antecedents of innovation impacts in publicly funded collaborative R&Dprojects[J].Technovation,2015,36-37:53-64
[2]Shoham Y,Perrault R,Brynjolfsson E,et al.The AI index 2017 annual report[R].Stanford,CA:AI Index Committee of the One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence(AI100),Stanford University,2017
[3]邹峰.人工智能的突破与科学方法的创新[J].电子世界,2018(15):108
[4]薛澜,梁正,余振,等.中国人工智能发展报告[R].北京:清华大学中国科学技术政策研究中心,2018
[5]钟柯远.完善国家创新价值链[J].决策咨询通讯,2005,4(16):1-2
[6]Hansen M T,Julian B.The innovation value chain[J].Harvard Business Review,2007,85(6):121
[7]Roper S,Du J,Love J H.Modelling the innovation value chain[J].Research Policy,2008,37(6):961-977
[8]温肇东,陈明辉.创新价值链:政府创新政策的新思维---以台湾创新政策为例[J].管理评论,2007,19(8):3-9
[9]代明,梁意敏.创新链解构研究[J].科技进步与对策,2009,3(26):157-160
[10]蔡坚.产业创新链的内涵与价值实现的机理分析[J].技术经济与管理研究,2009,(6):53-55
[11]庄璐璐,何爱华.创新价值链理论综述[J].科技经济导刊,2015,26(4):6-7
[12]曾祥炎,刘友金.基于价值创新链的协同创新:三阶段演化及其作用[J].科技进步与对策,2013,30(20):20-24
[13]Rothwell R.Towards the fifth-generation innovation process[J].International Marketing Review,1994,11(1):7-31
[14]Brunette E S,Flemmer R C,Flemmer C L.A review of artificial intelligence[C].In:Proceedings of the International Conference on Autonomous Robots&Agents,Wellington,New Zealand,2009.650-657
[15]尼克.人工智能简史[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2017.226
[16]Hinton G E,Osindero S,Teh Y.A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets[J].Neural Computation,2006,18(7):1527-1554
[17]李开复,王咏刚.人工智能[M].北京:文化发展出版社,2017.44
[18]腾讯研究院.中美两国人工智能产业发展全面解读[R].深圳:腾讯研究院,2017
[19]智慧芽,灼识咨询.2018人工智能行业创新情报白皮书[R].苏州:智慧芽,灼识咨询,2018
[20]张晓林,吴育华.创新价值链及其有效运作的机制分析[J].大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2005,26(3):23-26
[21]Cruz-Cázares C,Bayona-Sáez C,García-Marco T.You can’t manage right what you can’t measure well:technological innovation efficiency[J].Research Policy,2013,42(6-7):1239-1250
[22]Griliches Z.Issues in assessing the contribution of research and development to productivity growth[J].Bell Journal of Economics,1979,10(1):92-116
[23]Jin H,Feng B,Wu Y,et al.Do government grants promote innovation efficiency in China’s high-tech industries?[J].Technovation,2016,57-58:4-13
[24]Wang S,Fan J,Zhao D,et al.Regional innovation environment and innovation efficiency:the Chinese case[J].Technology Analysis&Strategic Management,2016,28(4):396-410
[25]Bronzini R,Piselli P.The impact of R&D subsidies on firm innovation[J].Research Policy,2016,45(2):442-457
[26]Guan J,Chen K.Measuring the innovation production process:a cross-region empirical study of China’s hightech innovations[J].Technovation,2010,30(5):348-358
[27]Chen X,Liu Z,Zhu Q.Performance evaluation of China’s high-tech innovation process:analysis based on the innovation value chain[J].Technovation,2018,74-75:42-53
[28]Czarnitzki D,Hottenrott H,Thorwarth S.Industrial research versus development investment:the implications of financial constraints[J].Cambridge Journal of Economics,2011,35(3):527-544
[29]Mairtta O W.Determinants of university-firm R&D collaboration and its impact on innovation:a perspective from a low-tech industry[J].Research Policy,2015,44(7):1341-1359
[30]Spanos Y E,Vonortas N S,Voudouris I.Antecedents of innovation impacts in publicly funded collaborative R&Dprojects[J].Technovation,2015,36-37:53-64