植物生长调节剂对再生稻头季抗倒伏能力和两季产量的影响
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摘要
【目的】为了探明植物生长调节剂对再生稻头季抗倒伏能力及两季产量的影响,【方法】以佳辐占、天优华占和甬优2640为试验材料,于拔节初期叶面喷施多效唑、乙烯利和抗倒酯,研究不同植物生长调节剂对水稻头季茎秆特性、力学指标及两季产量形成的影响。【结果】甬优2640基部节间抗折力和植株抗推力最大,抗倒伏能力强;佳辐占基部节间最长,株高最高,倒伏指数高,抗倒伏能力最差;天优华占基部倒伏指数小,抗倒伏能力介于前二者中间。与喷施清水对照相比,多效唑处理植株节间长、株高、茎壁厚与对照差异较小,增加了倒3节间(N_3)茎粗和倒4节间(N_4)和N_3的抗折力,降低了N_4和N_3的倒伏指数;乙烯利处理则显著增加了N_4长度,N_3茎粗和株高,对茎壁厚没有明显影响,增强了N_3抗折力,降低了N_3倒伏指数;抗倒酯处理缩短了N_4、倒2节间(N_2)长,降低株高,增加N_3茎粗和N_3、N_2的茎壁厚度,增强了N_4、N_3的抗折力,降低了各节间的倒伏指数。3种植物生长调节剂处理均降低了头季产量,多效唑和抗倒酯处理增加了再生季产量,乙烯利降低了再生季产量。分析产量构成因素,植物生长调节剂处理主要影响了总穗粒数,头季总穗粒数减少,再生季总穗粒数增加。天优华占和甬优2640两季总产量均较对照降低,佳辐占总产量多效唑和抗倒酯处理较对照增加,乙烯利处理较对照降低。【结论】抗倒酯处理增强了再生稻头季茎秆的抗倒伏能力,而对两季总产量无显著影响,对再生稻头季抗倒伏栽培具有现实意义。
【Objective】The present study aims to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators(PGRs) on rice lodging resistance and yield performance of ratoon rice.【Method】Jiafuzhan, Tianyouhuazhan, Yongyou 2640 were sampled with foliar application of paclobutrazol(PP333), ethephon(ETH), trinexapac-ethyl(TE) at the initial jointing stage. The culm traits, mechanical index, grain yield and yield components of main-crop and ratooning rice were investigated.【Result】Yongyou 2640 had the strongest breaking resistance, plant thrust resistance and lodging resistance; Jiafuzhan had the longest internodes, the highest plant height, the maximum lodging index and the weakest lodging resistance among the three varieties while the lodging resistance of Tianyouhuazhan was between them. Compared with foliar application of water(control), application of PP_(333) had no marked effect on internode length, plant height, culm wall thickness, but increased culm diameter of the 3 rd internode(from the top), enhanced breaking resistance of the 4 th(from the top) and the 3 rd internodes, drove down lodging index of the 4 th and 3 rd internodes; application of ETH increased length of the4 th internode, culm diameter of the 3 rd internode and plant height, but had no obvious effect on culm wall thickness,reduced lodging index of the 3 rd internode; application of TE shortened length of the 4 th and the 2 nd(from the top)internodes and plant height, increased culm diameter of the 3 rd internode and culm wall thickness of the 3 rd and the 2 nd internodes, strengthened breaking resistance of the 4 th and the 3 rd internodes, reduced lodging index. PP333, TE decreased the grain production of main-crop but increased ratooning rice, while ETH decreased both main-crop and ratooning rice. Total grain production of Tianyouhuazhan and Yongyou 2640 was reduced by PGRs treatments, total yield of Jiafuzhan was increased by PP333 and TE application while decreased by ETH.【Conclusion】Comprehensively,application of TE enhanced the plant lodging resistance without negative effect on total yield of ratooning rice, and thus it could be used as a practice to prevent lodging in rice production.
【Objective】The present study aims to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators(PGRs) on rice lodging resistance and yield performance of ratoon rice.【Method】Jiafuzhan, Tianyouhuazhan, Yongyou 2640 were sampled with foliar application of paclobutrazol(PP333), ethephon(ETH), trinexapac-ethyl(TE) at the initial jointing stage. The culm traits, mechanical index, grain yield and yield components of main-crop and ratooning rice were investigated.【Result】Yongyou 2640 had the strongest breaking resistance, plant thrust resistance and lodging resistance; Jiafuzhan had the longest internodes, the highest plant height, the maximum lodging index and the weakest lodging resistance among the three varieties while the lodging resistance of Tianyouhuazhan was between them. Compared with foliar application of water(control), application of PP_(333) had no marked effect on internode length, plant height, culm wall thickness, but increased culm diameter of the 3 rd internode(from the top), enhanced breaking resistance of the 4 th(from the top) and the 3 rd internodes, drove down lodging index of the 4 th and 3 rd internodes; application of ETH increased length of the4 th internode, culm diameter of the 3 rd internode and plant height, but had no obvious effect on culm wall thickness,reduced lodging index of the 3 rd internode; application of TE shortened length of the 4 th and the 2 nd(from the top)internodes and plant height, increased culm diameter of the 3 rd internode and culm wall thickness of the 3 rd and the 2 nd internodes, strengthened breaking resistance of the 4 th and the 3 rd internodes, reduced lodging index. PP333, TE decreased the grain production of main-crop but increased ratooning rice, while ETH decreased both main-crop and ratooning rice. Total grain production of Tianyouhuazhan and Yongyou 2640 was reduced by PGRs treatments, total yield of Jiafuzhan was increased by PP333 and TE application while decreased by ETH.【Conclusion】Comprehensively,application of TE enhanced the plant lodging resistance without negative effect on total yield of ratooning rice, and thus it could be used as a practice to prevent lodging in rice production.
引文
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[3]何贤彪,吴晓华,马义虎.台州沿海台风所致水稻倒伏对产量的影响.中国稻米,2015,21(2):28-29.He X B,Wu X H,Ma Y H.Effect of lodging caused by typhoon on grain yield of rice in Taizhou.Chin Rice.2015,21(2):28-29.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[7]张桂莲,屠乃美,张顺堂.杂交水稻腋芽再生特性.中国水稻科学,2005,19(4):323-327.Zhang G L,Tu N M,Zhang S T.ratooning properties of axillary buds in hybrid rice.Chin J Rice Sci,2005,19(4):323-327.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]陈爱珠,林玉婷,李小萍.再生稻头季倒伏对再生季生育的影响.福建稻麦科技,2010(3):16-18.Chen A Z,Lin Y T,Li X P.Effects of lodging in the first crop of ratoon rice on development of the second crop.Fujian Sci Technol Rice&Wheat,2010(3):16-18.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[10]解振兴,张居念,姜照伟.化学调控技术在水稻栽培中的研究进展.福建稻麦科技,2016(4):68-73.Xie Z X,Zhang J N,Jiang Z W,Advances in chemical control practice of rice cultivation.Fujian Sci Technol Rice&Wheat,2016,(4):68-73.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]陶龙兴,王熹,黄效林,俞美玉.植物生长调节剂在农业中的应用及发展趋势.浙江农业学报,2001,13(5):322-326.Tao L X,Wang X,Huang X L,Yu M Y.Application and prospects of plant growth regulators in agriculture.Acta Agric Zhejiang,2001,13(5):322-326.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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