盐碱胁迫对菊芋块茎萌发及幼苗生长的影响
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摘要
通过对不同盐碱胁迫下菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus)块茎发芽率、幼苗株高、叶片数量、叶面积等相关指标测定,探讨盐碱胁迫对块茎萌发及幼苗生长的影响,为菊芋在盐碱化土地上的栽培管理提供参考。结果表明,菊芋块茎随着盐浓度的增加发芽率降低,萌发速度指数先升高后降低,盐浓度100 mmol·L-1条件下,获得最大值152.06;300mmol·L-1条件下,获得最小值45.06;菊芋株高、叶片数量、叶片重、叶面积、叶柄重、茎秆重、茎秆直径、主根直径、须根直径、主根重、须根重、主根长度、一级须根、二级须根均随着盐浓度的增加而降低。菊芋块茎随着pH的增加发芽率先升再降后升,萌发速度指数升高。pH 7～10时,萌发速度指数范围为90.56～113.44;随着pH的增加,株高、叶片数量、叶面积、茎秆直径、主根直径、一级须根直径、主根长、一级须根长和二级须根长逐渐升高,而叶片、叶柄、茎秆、主根及须根重量值逐渐降低。
To examine the effects of saline-alkali stress on tuber germination and seedling growth of the Jerusalem artichoke,we tested the germination rate,plant height,leaf number,leaf weight,leaf area,petiole weight,and stem weight under different saline-alkali stress conditions to provide a reference for the adaptations of different ecological and environmental mechanisms and the development of the Jerusalem artichoke.The results showed that the germination rate gradually decreased,and the germination rate index first increased and then decreased with an increase in salt concentration;the largest value was 152.06 in 100 mmol· L-1,and the lowest value was 45.06 in 300 mmol· L-1.The germination rate increased,decreased,and then increased,and the germination rate index gradually increased with an increase in pH;the range was 90.56～113.44 for a pH between 7 and 10.Increasing pH caused an increase in plant height,leaf number,and leaf area,a decrease in leaf weight,petiole weight,stem weight,root weight,and taproot,and stem diameter,root diameter,and root length became larger.There was a gradual decrease in plant height,leaf number,leaf weight,leaf area,stem weight,root diameter,and root length with an increase in salt concentration.In summary,saline-alkali stress influenced the germination rate,germination index,seedling growth,and the morphological index of seedlings of the jerusalem artichoke.We confirmed that plant growth retardation and development was caused by the saline-alkali stress.
To examine the effects of saline-alkali stress on tuber germination and seedling growth of the Jerusalem artichoke,we tested the germination rate,plant height,leaf number,leaf weight,leaf area,petiole weight,and stem weight under different saline-alkali stress conditions to provide a reference for the adaptations of different ecological and environmental mechanisms and the development of the Jerusalem artichoke.The results showed that the germination rate gradually decreased,and the germination rate index first increased and then decreased with an increase in salt concentration;the largest value was 152.06 in 100 mmol· L-1,and the lowest value was 45.06 in 300 mmol· L-1.The germination rate increased,decreased,and then increased,and the germination rate index gradually increased with an increase in pH;the range was 90.56～113.44 for a pH between 7 and 10.Increasing pH caused an increase in plant height,leaf number,and leaf area,a decrease in leaf weight,petiole weight,stem weight,root weight,and taproot,and stem diameter,root diameter,and root length became larger.There was a gradual decrease in plant height,leaf number,leaf weight,leaf area,stem weight,root diameter,and root length with an increase in salt concentration.In summary,saline-alkali stress influenced the germination rate,germination index,seedling growth,and the morphological index of seedlings of the jerusalem artichoke.We confirmed that plant growth retardation and development was caused by the saline-alkali stress.
引文
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[6]纪荣花,于磊,鲁为华,艾尼娃尔·艾合买提.盐碱胁迫对芨芨草种子萌发的影响.草业科学,2011,28(2):245-251.JI R H,YU L,LU W H,Ainiwaer·Aihemaiti.Effects of saline-alkaloid stress on the seed germination of Achantherum splendens.Pratacultural Science,2011,28(2):245-251.
[7]郑诗强,张坚,李兴林,李先宽,马琳,谭世强.盐胁迫对知母种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.中药材,2016,39(10):2185-2190.ZHENG S Q,ZHANG J,LI X L,LI X K,MA L,TAN S Q.Effects of salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth of Anemarrhena asodeloides.Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,2016,39(10):2185-2190.
[8]汪伦记,董应.以菊芋粉为原料同步糖化发酵生产燃料乙醇.农业工程学报,2009,25(11):263-269.WANG L J,DONG Y.Production of ethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation fromJerusalem artichoke flour.Transactions of the CSAE,2009,25(11):263-269.
[9] JING Y,JIANG J X,ZHANG Y Q.Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of Jerusalem artichoke tubers to ethanol with an inulinase-hyperproducing yeast Kluyveromyces cicerisporu.Chinese Journal of Biotechnology,2010,26(7):982-990.
[10] PANCHEV I,DELCHEV N,KOVACHEVA D.Physicochemical characteristics of inulins obtained from Jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus L.).European Food Reasearch&Technology,2011,233(5):889-896.
[11] GAO K,ZHU T X.The effect of water,nitrogen and harvesting time on yield and biomass allocation of Helianthus tuberosus L..BMC Ecology,2016,16(Suppl 2):S50.
[12]高凯,朱铁霞,张永亮.水、氮对不同收获时间菊芋株高和物质分配规律的影响.中国草地学报,2013,35(1):49-53.GAO K,ZHU T X,ZHANG Y L.Effect of water and nitrogen on yield and biomass allocation of Helianthus tuberosus.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2013,35(1):49-53.
[13]杨君,姜吉禹.海水灌溉条件下菊芋种植密度对土壤无机盐及产量的影响.吉林师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,29(4):140-143.YANG J,JIANG J Y.Effects of planting density of Helianthus tuberosus under seawater irrigation on mineral contents in saline soils and yields.Journal of Jilin Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2009,29(4):140-143.
[14]赵秀芳,杨劲松,蔡彦明.苏北滩涂区施肥对菊芋生长和土壤氮素累积的影响.农业环境学报,2003,29(3):521-526.ZHAO X F,YANG J S,CAI Y M.Effects of fertilization on the growth of jerusalem artichoke and soil nitrogen accumulation in the coastal area of north Jiangsu Province.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(3):521-526.
[15]隆小华,刘兆普,陈铭达,綦长海,刘玲.半干旱地区海涂海水灌溉菊芋盐肥耦合效应的研究.土壤学报,2005,42(1):91-96.LONG X H,LIU Z P,CHEN M D,JI C H,LIU L.Effects of seawater irrigation on yield composition and ion distribution of different varieties of Helianthus tuberosus in coastal mudflat of semiard region.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2005,42(1):91-96.
[16]吴成龙,周春霖,尹金来,刘兆普,徐阳春,沈其荣.碱胁迫对不同品种菊芋幼苗生物量分配和可溶性渗透物质含量的影响.中国农业科学,2008,41(3):901-909.WU C L,ZHOU C L,YIN J L,LIU Z P,XU Y C,SHEN Q R.Effects of alkaline stress on biomass allocation and the contents of soluble osmoticum in different organs of two Helianthus tuberosus L.Genotypes.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(3):901-909.
[17]夏天翔,刘兆普,綦长海,陈铭达.莱州湾利用海水资源灌溉菊芋研究.干旱地区农业研究,2004,22(3):60-63.XIA T X,LIU Z P,QI C H,CHEN M D.Effect of seawater irrigation on Helianthus tuberosus L.in Laizhou Gulf.Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2004,22(3):60-63.
[18]薛延丰,刘兆普.钙离子对盐胁迫下菊芋幼苗的生长、生理反应和光合能力的影响理论.农业工程学报,2006,22(9):44-47.XUE Y F,LIU Z P.Effects of calcium ion on growth,ysiological responses and photosynthetic ability in salt-stressed Jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus L.)seedlings.Transactions of the CSAE,2006,22(9):44-47.
[19]宋旭丽,侯喜林,胡春梅,孟静静,何启伟,李新国.NaCl胁迫对超大甜椒种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.西北植物学报,2011,31(3):569-575.SONG X L,HOU X L,HU C M,MENG J J,HE Q W,LI X G.Seed germination and seedling growth of sweet pepper under NaCl stress.Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalia Sinica,2011,31(3):569-575.
[20]徐高峰,张付斗,李天林,申时才,张玉华.环境因子对奇异虉草和小子虉草种子萌发的影响.西北植学报,2011,31(7):1485-1465.XU G F,ZHANG F D,LI T L,SHENG S C,ZHANG Y H.Influence of environmental factors on seed germination of Phalaris paradoxa and Phalaris minor.Acta botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2011,31(7):1485-1465.
[21]王柏青,王耀辉.混合盐碱胁迫对沙枣种子萌发的影响.东北林业大学学报,2008,36(12):11-12.WANG B Q,WANG Y H.Effect of mixed salt stress on seed germination of Elaeagnus angustifolia.Ournal of Northeast Forestery University,2008,36(12):11-12.
[22]张永平,陈幼源,陈绯翔.盐碱胁迫对甜瓜种子萌发的影响.上海农业学报,2009,25(4):22-25.ZHANG Y P,CHEN Y Y,CHEN F X.Effect of saline-alkali stress germination of Melon.Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,2009,25(4):22-25.
[23]李莉,张一弓,贾纳提,李学森.盐碱胁迫下新疆野豌豆种子萌发及幼苗生理响应.草业学报,2016,25(9):46-53.LI L,ZHANG Y G,JIA N T,LI X S.Seed germination and physiological responses of vicia costata under saline-alkali stress conditions.Acta Partaculture Sinica,2016,25(9):46-53.
[24] HERNANDEZ J A,OLMOS E,CORPAS F J.Salt-indeuce doxi-dative stress in chlorop lasts of peap lants.Plant Science,1995,105(2):151-167.
[25] MOHAMMAD M,SHIBLI R,AJLOUNI M,NIMRI L.Tomato root and shoot responses to salt stress under different levels of phosphorus nutrition.Journal of Plant Nutrition,1998,21(8):1667-1680.
[26] BAYUELO-JIMENEZ J S,CRAIG R,LYNCH J P.Salinity to lerance of Phaseoluss peciesduringgermination and early seedling growth.Crop Science,2002,42:1584-1594.
[27]段德玉,刘小京,李存桢,乔海龙.N素营养对NaCl胁迫下盐地碱蓬幼苗生长及渗透调节物质变化的影响.草业学报,2005,14(1):63-68.DUAN D Y,LIU X J,LI C Z,QIAO H L.The effects of nitrogen on the growth and solutes of halophyte Suaeda salsa seedlings under the stress of NaCl.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2005,14(1):63-68.
[28]李品芳,杨志成.NaCl胁迫下高羊茅生长及K+、Na+吸收与运输的动态变化.草业学报,2005,14(4):58-64.LI P F,YANG Z C.Dynamic effect of NaCl on absorption and transportation of K+and Na+in Festuca arundinacea.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2005,14(4):58-64.
[2]王志春,杨福,陈渊,梁正伟.苏打盐碱胁迫下水稻体内的Na+、K+响应.生态环境,2008,17(3):1198-1203.WANG Z C,YANG F,CHEN Y,LIANG Z W.Sodium and potassium responses to sodicity stress in rice.Ecology and Environment,2008,17(3):1198-1203.
[3]贾广云,张博,王玉祥,赵杰.NaCl胁迫对苦马豆种子萌发的影响及生理效应.中国农学通报,2009,25(8):181-184.JIA G Y,ZHANG B,WANG Y X,ZHAO J.Effects of salt stress and physiological reaction on germination of Swainsona salsula Taub seeds.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2009,25(8):181-184.
[4]杨小环,马金虎,郭数进,李新基,李盛.种子引发对盐碱胁迫下高粱种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.中国生态农业学报,2011,19(1):103-109.YANG X H,MA J H,GUO S J,LI X J,LI S.Effect of seed priming on sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.)seed germination and seedling growth under salt stress.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(1):103-109.
[5]徐慧妮,王秀峰,孙旭东,杨凤娟,史庆华.黄瓜种子萌发对NO3-胁迫的响应及耐盐性评价.西北植物学报,2011,31(1):325-331.XU H N,WANG X F,SUN X D,YANG F J,SHI Q H.Response and stress tolerance evaluation of different cucumber cultivars under NO3-stress.Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalia Sinica,2011,31(1):325-331.
[6]纪荣花,于磊,鲁为华,艾尼娃尔·艾合买提.盐碱胁迫对芨芨草种子萌发的影响.草业科学,2011,28(2):245-251.JI R H,YU L,LU W H,Ainiwaer·Aihemaiti.Effects of saline-alkaloid stress on the seed germination of Achantherum splendens.Pratacultural Science,2011,28(2):245-251.
[7]郑诗强,张坚,李兴林,李先宽,马琳,谭世强.盐胁迫对知母种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.中药材,2016,39(10):2185-2190.ZHENG S Q,ZHANG J,LI X L,LI X K,MA L,TAN S Q.Effects of salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth of Anemarrhena asodeloides.Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,2016,39(10):2185-2190.
[8]汪伦记,董应.以菊芋粉为原料同步糖化发酵生产燃料乙醇.农业工程学报,2009,25(11):263-269.WANG L J,DONG Y.Production of ethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation fromJerusalem artichoke flour.Transactions of the CSAE,2009,25(11):263-269.
[9] JING Y,JIANG J X,ZHANG Y Q.Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of Jerusalem artichoke tubers to ethanol with an inulinase-hyperproducing yeast Kluyveromyces cicerisporu.Chinese Journal of Biotechnology,2010,26(7):982-990.
[10] PANCHEV I,DELCHEV N,KOVACHEVA D.Physicochemical characteristics of inulins obtained from Jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus L.).European Food Reasearch&Technology,2011,233(5):889-896.
[11] GAO K,ZHU T X.The effect of water,nitrogen and harvesting time on yield and biomass allocation of Helianthus tuberosus L..BMC Ecology,2016,16(Suppl 2):S50.
[12]高凯,朱铁霞,张永亮.水、氮对不同收获时间菊芋株高和物质分配规律的影响.中国草地学报,2013,35(1):49-53.GAO K,ZHU T X,ZHANG Y L.Effect of water and nitrogen on yield and biomass allocation of Helianthus tuberosus.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2013,35(1):49-53.
[13]杨君,姜吉禹.海水灌溉条件下菊芋种植密度对土壤无机盐及产量的影响.吉林师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,29(4):140-143.YANG J,JIANG J Y.Effects of planting density of Helianthus tuberosus under seawater irrigation on mineral contents in saline soils and yields.Journal of Jilin Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2009,29(4):140-143.
[14]赵秀芳,杨劲松,蔡彦明.苏北滩涂区施肥对菊芋生长和土壤氮素累积的影响.农业环境学报,2003,29(3):521-526.ZHAO X F,YANG J S,CAI Y M.Effects of fertilization on the growth of jerusalem artichoke and soil nitrogen accumulation in the coastal area of north Jiangsu Province.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(3):521-526.
[15]隆小华,刘兆普,陈铭达,綦长海,刘玲.半干旱地区海涂海水灌溉菊芋盐肥耦合效应的研究.土壤学报,2005,42(1):91-96.LONG X H,LIU Z P,CHEN M D,JI C H,LIU L.Effects of seawater irrigation on yield composition and ion distribution of different varieties of Helianthus tuberosus in coastal mudflat of semiard region.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2005,42(1):91-96.
[16]吴成龙,周春霖,尹金来,刘兆普,徐阳春,沈其荣.碱胁迫对不同品种菊芋幼苗生物量分配和可溶性渗透物质含量的影响.中国农业科学,2008,41(3):901-909.WU C L,ZHOU C L,YIN J L,LIU Z P,XU Y C,SHEN Q R.Effects of alkaline stress on biomass allocation and the contents of soluble osmoticum in different organs of two Helianthus tuberosus L.Genotypes.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(3):901-909.
[17]夏天翔,刘兆普,綦长海,陈铭达.莱州湾利用海水资源灌溉菊芋研究.干旱地区农业研究,2004,22(3):60-63.XIA T X,LIU Z P,QI C H,CHEN M D.Effect of seawater irrigation on Helianthus tuberosus L.in Laizhou Gulf.Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2004,22(3):60-63.
[18]薛延丰,刘兆普.钙离子对盐胁迫下菊芋幼苗的生长、生理反应和光合能力的影响理论.农业工程学报,2006,22(9):44-47.XUE Y F,LIU Z P.Effects of calcium ion on growth,ysiological responses and photosynthetic ability in salt-stressed Jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus L.)seedlings.Transactions of the CSAE,2006,22(9):44-47.
[19]宋旭丽,侯喜林,胡春梅,孟静静,何启伟,李新国.NaCl胁迫对超大甜椒种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.西北植物学报,2011,31(3):569-575.SONG X L,HOU X L,HU C M,MENG J J,HE Q W,LI X G.Seed germination and seedling growth of sweet pepper under NaCl stress.Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalia Sinica,2011,31(3):569-575.
[20]徐高峰,张付斗,李天林,申时才,张玉华.环境因子对奇异虉草和小子虉草种子萌发的影响.西北植学报,2011,31(7):1485-1465.XU G F,ZHANG F D,LI T L,SHENG S C,ZHANG Y H.Influence of environmental factors on seed germination of Phalaris paradoxa and Phalaris minor.Acta botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2011,31(7):1485-1465.
[21]王柏青,王耀辉.混合盐碱胁迫对沙枣种子萌发的影响.东北林业大学学报,2008,36(12):11-12.WANG B Q,WANG Y H.Effect of mixed salt stress on seed germination of Elaeagnus angustifolia.Ournal of Northeast Forestery University,2008,36(12):11-12.
[22]张永平,陈幼源,陈绯翔.盐碱胁迫对甜瓜种子萌发的影响.上海农业学报,2009,25(4):22-25.ZHANG Y P,CHEN Y Y,CHEN F X.Effect of saline-alkali stress germination of Melon.Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,2009,25(4):22-25.
[23]李莉,张一弓,贾纳提,李学森.盐碱胁迫下新疆野豌豆种子萌发及幼苗生理响应.草业学报,2016,25(9):46-53.LI L,ZHANG Y G,JIA N T,LI X S.Seed germination and physiological responses of vicia costata under saline-alkali stress conditions.Acta Partaculture Sinica,2016,25(9):46-53.
[24] HERNANDEZ J A,OLMOS E,CORPAS F J.Salt-indeuce doxi-dative stress in chlorop lasts of peap lants.Plant Science,1995,105(2):151-167.
[25] MOHAMMAD M,SHIBLI R,AJLOUNI M,NIMRI L.Tomato root and shoot responses to salt stress under different levels of phosphorus nutrition.Journal of Plant Nutrition,1998,21(8):1667-1680.
[26] BAYUELO-JIMENEZ J S,CRAIG R,LYNCH J P.Salinity to lerance of Phaseoluss peciesduringgermination and early seedling growth.Crop Science,2002,42:1584-1594.
[27]段德玉,刘小京,李存桢,乔海龙.N素营养对NaCl胁迫下盐地碱蓬幼苗生长及渗透调节物质变化的影响.草业学报,2005,14(1):63-68.DUAN D Y,LIU X J,LI C Z,QIAO H L.The effects of nitrogen on the growth and solutes of halophyte Suaeda salsa seedlings under the stress of NaCl.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2005,14(1):63-68.
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