基于双约束的流体和岩性因子的叠前直接提取方法
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摘要
叠前反演是从叠前数据中提取岩性和流体信息的重要途径,而反射系数近似方程是叠前反演的基础。本文重新推导了纵波、转换波的反射系数近似方程,得到了由流体因子F和岩性因子μρ构成的反射系数近似方程,通过对方程的精度分析,验证了新方程的可靠性;在求解过程中,结合贝叶斯理论引入了多变量柯西约束做为模型参数的先验信息,稳定了反演结果,提高了反演的分辨率;为了得到可靠的低频信息,在目标函数中构建了低频约束项,进一步提高了反演结果的精度。模型测试和实际应用结果均表明,新提出的反演方法可以从地震数据中同时直接提取高精度的F和μρ信息,为储层识别和流体检测提供了一种新的计算思路。
Pre-stack inversion is a significant method for extracting lithology and fluid information from pre-stack seismic data. And the reflection coefficient approximation equation is important for pre-stack inversion. In this paper, the approximation equations of the P-wave and S-wave reflection coefficients are re-derived. The new equations consist of the fluid factor F and the lithology factor μρ. An accuracy analysis of the novel equations is carried out to verify the reliability of the proposed equations. In the process of inversion, combined with Bayesian theory, the trivariate Cauchy distribution constraint is introduced as the a priori information of the model parameters, which can stabilize the inversion results and improve their resolution. In order to obtain reliable low-frequency information, the low-frequency constraint term is constructed and added in the objective function to further improve the accuracy of the inversion results. Both the model and the field data tests show that the proposed inversion method can directly extract high-precision parameters of F and μρ from the seismic data, which provides a new calculation concept for reservoir characterization and fluid discrimination.
Pre-stack inversion is a significant method for extracting lithology and fluid information from pre-stack seismic data. And the reflection coefficient approximation equation is important for pre-stack inversion. In this paper, the approximation equations of the P-wave and S-wave reflection coefficients are re-derived. The new equations consist of the fluid factor F and the lithology factor μρ. An accuracy analysis of the novel equations is carried out to verify the reliability of the proposed equations. In the process of inversion, combined with Bayesian theory, the trivariate Cauchy distribution constraint is introduced as the a priori information of the model parameters, which can stabilize the inversion results and improve their resolution. In order to obtain reliable low-frequency information, the low-frequency constraint term is constructed and added in the objective function to further improve the accuracy of the inversion results. Both the model and the field data tests show that the proposed inversion method can directly extract high-precision parameters of F and μρ from the seismic data, which provides a new calculation concept for reservoir characterization and fluid discrimination.
引文
[1]CHEN S Q,WANG S X,ZHANG Y G,et al.Reservoir prediction using pre-stack inverted elastic parameters[J].Applied Geophysics,2009,6:349-358.
[2]秦喜林,李向阳,陈双全,等.频变AVO反演在顺南地区碳酸盐岩裂缝型储层流体识别中的应用[J].石油科学通报,2017,03:344-354.[QIN X L,LI X Y,CHEN S Q,et al.Application of frequency-dependent AVO inversion to identify fluid in fractured carbonate reservoirs in the Shunnan area[J].Petroleum Science Bulletin,2017,03:344-354.doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2017.03.032.]
[3]石玉梅,曹宏,孙夕平,等.地层模量分解及在流体识别中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2016,59:4278-4286.[SHI Y M,CAO H,SUN C P,et al.Formation modulus decomposition and its application to discrimination of pore fluid[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59:4278-4286.]
[4]赵海波,唐晓花,李奎周,等.基于地震岩石物理分析与叠前地质统计学反演技术的齐家地区致密薄储层预测[J].石油物探,2017,56:853-862.[ZHAO H B,TANG X H,LI K Z,et al.Tight thin-bed reservoir prediction using rock physics analysis and prestack geostatistical inversion in the Qijia area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56:853-862.]
[5]GREGORY A R.Fluid saturation effects on dynamic elastic properties of sedimentary rocks[J].Geophysics,1976,41(5):895-921.
[6]DOMENICO S N.Elastic properties of unconsolidated porous sand reservoirs[J].Geophysics,1977,42(7):1339-1368.
[7]FATTI J L,VAIL P J,SMITH G C,et al.Detection of gas in sandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:a 3D seismic case history using the Geostack technique[J].Geophysics,1994,59(9):1362-1376.
[8]GOODWAY B,CHEN T W,DOWNTON J.Improved AVO fluid detection and lithology discrimination using Lame petrophysical parameters:“λρ”,“μρ”,“&”λ/μfluid stack”,from P and S inversions[C].67th Annual SEG Meeting Expanded Abstracts,1997,16:183-186.
[9]GOODWAY W.AVO and Laméconstants for rock parameterization and fluid detection[J].CSEG Recorder,2001,26(6):39-60.
[10]RUSSELL B H,HEDLIN K,HILTERMAN F J,et al.Fluid-property discrimination with AVO:a Biot-Gassmann perspective[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):29-39.
[11]印兴耀,张世鑫,张峰.针对深层流体识别的两项弹性阻抗反演与Russell流体因子直接估算方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(7):2378-2390.[YIN X Y,ZHANG S X,ZHANG F.Two-term elastic impedance inversion and Russell fluid factor direct estimation method for deep reservoir fluid identification[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(7):2378-2390.]
[12]DU Q Z,YAN H Z.PP and PS joint AVO inversion and fluid prediction[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2013,90(2):110-118.
[13]HAMID H,PIDLISECKY A,LINES L.Prestack structurally constrained impedance inversion[J].Geophysics,2018,83:89-103.
[14]OSTRANDER W J.Plane-wave Reflection Coefficients for Gas sands at Non-normal Angles of Incidence[J].Geophysics,1984,49(10):1637-1648.
[15]WANGY H.Approximations to the Zoeppritz Equations and their use in AVO Analysis[J].Geophysics,1999,64(6):1920-1927.
[16]王彦飞,唐静,耿伟峰,等.带粒子滤波约束的PP-PS联合反演的稀疏解算法[J].地球物理学报,2018,61(3):1169-1177.[WANGY F,TANG J,GENG W F,et al.Sparse solution of PP-PS joint inversion with constraint of particle filtering[J].Chines Journal of Geophysics,2018,61(3):1169-1177.]
[17]JIN S D,CAMBOIS G,VUILLERMOZ C.Shear-wave velocity and density estimation from PS-wave AVO analysis:Application to an OBS dataset from the North Sea[J].Geophysics,2000,65(5):1446-1454.
[18]MARGRAVE G F,SREWART R R,LARSEN J A.Joint PP-and PS seismic inversion[J].Leading Edge,2001,20:1048-1052.
[19]KURT H.Joint inversion of AVA data for elastic parameters by bootstrapping[J].Computers&Geosciences,2007,33(3):367-382.
[20]STEWARD R R.Joint P and P-SV inversion[R].CREWES Res.,1990,Rep.2,112-115.
[21]BULAND A,OMRE H.Joint AVO inversion,wavelet estimation an noise-level estimation using a spatially coupled hierarchial Bayesian model[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2003,51(6):531-550.
[22]VIERE H H,LANDRO M.Simultaneous inversion of PP and PS seismic data[J].Geophysics,2006,71(3),1-10.
[23]RABBEN T E,TJELMELAND H,URSIN B.Non-linear Bayesian joint inversion of seismic reflection coefficients[J].Geophysical Journal International,2008,173(1):265-280.
[24]张广智,杜炳毅,李海山,等.页岩气储层纵横波叠前联合反演方法[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(12):4141-4149.[ZHANG GZ,DU B Y,LI H S,et al.The method of joint pre-stack inverion of PP and P-SV waves in shale gas reservoirs[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(12):4141-4149.]
[25]JUN L,ZHEN Y,YUN W,et al.Joint PP and PS AVA seismic inversion using exact Zoeppritz equations[J].Geophysics,2015,80(5):239-250.
[26]杜炳毅,杨午阳,王恩利,等.基于Russell近似的纵横波联合反演方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(8):3016-3024.[DU BY,YANG W Y,WANG E L,et al.Joint pre-stack inversion of multiple waves based on Russell approximation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(8):3016-3024.]
[27]王社教,蔚远江,郭秋麟,等.致密油资源评价新进展[J].石油学报,2014,35(6):1095-1105.[WANG S J,WEI Y J,GUO Q L,et al.New advanced in resources evaluation of tight oil[J].Acta petrolei sinica,2014,35(6):1095-1105.]
[28]ZHOU Z Y,HILTERMAN F J.A comparison between methods that discriminate fluid content in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs[J].Geophysics,2010,75(1):B47-B58.
[29]RUSSELL B H,GRAY D,HAMPSON D P.Linearized AVO and poroelasticity[J].Geophysics,2011,76(3):19-29.
[30]印兴耀,张世鑫,张繁昌等.利用基于Russell近似的弹性波阻抗反演进行储层描述和流体识别.石油地球物理勘探[J],2010,45(3):373-380.[YIN X Y,ZHANG S X,ZHANG F C,et al..Utilizing Russell Approximation-based elastic wave impedance inversion to conduct reservoir description and fluid identification[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(3):373-380.]
[31]AKI K,RICHARDS P.Quantitative Seismology[M].New York:W.H.Freeman&Co,1980.
[32]BULAND A,OMRE H.Bayesian linearised AVO inversion[J].Geophysics,2003,68:185-198.
[33]ALEMIE W,SACCH M D.High-resolution three-term AVO inversion by means of a trivariate Cauchy probability distribution[J].Geophysics,2011,76:43-55.
[34]ZHANG J H,ZHANG B B,ZHANG Z J,et al.Low-frequency data analysis and expansion[J].Applied of Geophysics,2015,12(2):212-220.
[35]张丰麒,金之钧,盛秀杰,等.贝叶斯三参数低频软约束同步反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(5):965975.[ZHANG F Q,JINZ J,SHENG X J,et al.Bayesian pre-stack three-term inversion with soft low-frequency constraint[J].OGP,2016,51(5):965975.]
[36]BACKUS G E,GILBERT F.The resolving power of gross earth data[J].Geophysical Journal International,1968,16:169-205.
[2]秦喜林,李向阳,陈双全,等.频变AVO反演在顺南地区碳酸盐岩裂缝型储层流体识别中的应用[J].石油科学通报,2017,03:344-354.[QIN X L,LI X Y,CHEN S Q,et al.Application of frequency-dependent AVO inversion to identify fluid in fractured carbonate reservoirs in the Shunnan area[J].Petroleum Science Bulletin,2017,03:344-354.doi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2017.03.032.]
[3]石玉梅,曹宏,孙夕平,等.地层模量分解及在流体识别中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2016,59:4278-4286.[SHI Y M,CAO H,SUN C P,et al.Formation modulus decomposition and its application to discrimination of pore fluid[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59:4278-4286.]
[4]赵海波,唐晓花,李奎周,等.基于地震岩石物理分析与叠前地质统计学反演技术的齐家地区致密薄储层预测[J].石油物探,2017,56:853-862.[ZHAO H B,TANG X H,LI K Z,et al.Tight thin-bed reservoir prediction using rock physics analysis and prestack geostatistical inversion in the Qijia area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56:853-862.]
[5]GREGORY A R.Fluid saturation effects on dynamic elastic properties of sedimentary rocks[J].Geophysics,1976,41(5):895-921.
[6]DOMENICO S N.Elastic properties of unconsolidated porous sand reservoirs[J].Geophysics,1977,42(7):1339-1368.
[7]FATTI J L,VAIL P J,SMITH G C,et al.Detection of gas in sandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:a 3D seismic case history using the Geostack technique[J].Geophysics,1994,59(9):1362-1376.
[8]GOODWAY B,CHEN T W,DOWNTON J.Improved AVO fluid detection and lithology discrimination using Lame petrophysical parameters:“λρ”,“μρ”,“&”λ/μfluid stack”,from P and S inversions[C].67th Annual SEG Meeting Expanded Abstracts,1997,16:183-186.
[9]GOODWAY W.AVO and Laméconstants for rock parameterization and fluid detection[J].CSEG Recorder,2001,26(6):39-60.
[10]RUSSELL B H,HEDLIN K,HILTERMAN F J,et al.Fluid-property discrimination with AVO:a Biot-Gassmann perspective[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):29-39.
[11]印兴耀,张世鑫,张峰.针对深层流体识别的两项弹性阻抗反演与Russell流体因子直接估算方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(7):2378-2390.[YIN X Y,ZHANG S X,ZHANG F.Two-term elastic impedance inversion and Russell fluid factor direct estimation method for deep reservoir fluid identification[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(7):2378-2390.]
[12]DU Q Z,YAN H Z.PP and PS joint AVO inversion and fluid prediction[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2013,90(2):110-118.
[13]HAMID H,PIDLISECKY A,LINES L.Prestack structurally constrained impedance inversion[J].Geophysics,2018,83:89-103.
[14]OSTRANDER W J.Plane-wave Reflection Coefficients for Gas sands at Non-normal Angles of Incidence[J].Geophysics,1984,49(10):1637-1648.
[15]WANGY H.Approximations to the Zoeppritz Equations and their use in AVO Analysis[J].Geophysics,1999,64(6):1920-1927.
[16]王彦飞,唐静,耿伟峰,等.带粒子滤波约束的PP-PS联合反演的稀疏解算法[J].地球物理学报,2018,61(3):1169-1177.[WANGY F,TANG J,GENG W F,et al.Sparse solution of PP-PS joint inversion with constraint of particle filtering[J].Chines Journal of Geophysics,2018,61(3):1169-1177.]
[17]JIN S D,CAMBOIS G,VUILLERMOZ C.Shear-wave velocity and density estimation from PS-wave AVO analysis:Application to an OBS dataset from the North Sea[J].Geophysics,2000,65(5):1446-1454.
[18]MARGRAVE G F,SREWART R R,LARSEN J A.Joint PP-and PS seismic inversion[J].Leading Edge,2001,20:1048-1052.
[19]KURT H.Joint inversion of AVA data for elastic parameters by bootstrapping[J].Computers&Geosciences,2007,33(3):367-382.
[20]STEWARD R R.Joint P and P-SV inversion[R].CREWES Res.,1990,Rep.2,112-115.
[21]BULAND A,OMRE H.Joint AVO inversion,wavelet estimation an noise-level estimation using a spatially coupled hierarchial Bayesian model[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2003,51(6):531-550.
[22]VIERE H H,LANDRO M.Simultaneous inversion of PP and PS seismic data[J].Geophysics,2006,71(3),1-10.
[23]RABBEN T E,TJELMELAND H,URSIN B.Non-linear Bayesian joint inversion of seismic reflection coefficients[J].Geophysical Journal International,2008,173(1):265-280.
[24]张广智,杜炳毅,李海山,等.页岩气储层纵横波叠前联合反演方法[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(12):4141-4149.[ZHANG GZ,DU B Y,LI H S,et al.The method of joint pre-stack inverion of PP and P-SV waves in shale gas reservoirs[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(12):4141-4149.]
[25]JUN L,ZHEN Y,YUN W,et al.Joint PP and PS AVA seismic inversion using exact Zoeppritz equations[J].Geophysics,2015,80(5):239-250.
[26]杜炳毅,杨午阳,王恩利,等.基于Russell近似的纵横波联合反演方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(8):3016-3024.[DU BY,YANG W Y,WANG E L,et al.Joint pre-stack inversion of multiple waves based on Russell approximation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(8):3016-3024.]
[27]王社教,蔚远江,郭秋麟,等.致密油资源评价新进展[J].石油学报,2014,35(6):1095-1105.[WANG S J,WEI Y J,GUO Q L,et al.New advanced in resources evaluation of tight oil[J].Acta petrolei sinica,2014,35(6):1095-1105.]
[28]ZHOU Z Y,HILTERMAN F J.A comparison between methods that discriminate fluid content in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs[J].Geophysics,2010,75(1):B47-B58.
[29]RUSSELL B H,GRAY D,HAMPSON D P.Linearized AVO and poroelasticity[J].Geophysics,2011,76(3):19-29.
[30]印兴耀,张世鑫,张繁昌等.利用基于Russell近似的弹性波阻抗反演进行储层描述和流体识别.石油地球物理勘探[J],2010,45(3):373-380.[YIN X Y,ZHANG S X,ZHANG F C,et al..Utilizing Russell Approximation-based elastic wave impedance inversion to conduct reservoir description and fluid identification[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(3):373-380.]
[31]AKI K,RICHARDS P.Quantitative Seismology[M].New York:W.H.Freeman&Co,1980.
[32]BULAND A,OMRE H.Bayesian linearised AVO inversion[J].Geophysics,2003,68:185-198.
[33]ALEMIE W,SACCH M D.High-resolution three-term AVO inversion by means of a trivariate Cauchy probability distribution[J].Geophysics,2011,76:43-55.
[34]ZHANG J H,ZHANG B B,ZHANG Z J,et al.Low-frequency data analysis and expansion[J].Applied of Geophysics,2015,12(2):212-220.
[35]张丰麒,金之钧,盛秀杰,等.贝叶斯三参数低频软约束同步反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(5):965975.[ZHANG F Q,JINZ J,SHENG X J,et al.Bayesian pre-stack three-term inversion with soft low-frequency constraint[J].OGP,2016,51(5):965975.]
[36]BACKUS G E,GILBERT F.The resolving power of gross earth data[J].Geophysical Journal International,1968,16:169-205.