云南红河水系李仙江麦穗鱼不同地理居群的形态分化
|
摘要
对采自李仙江流域江城、墨江和镇沅三个居群89尾麦穗鱼标本进行11个常规性状和16个框架结构性状的测量,应用多变量形态度量学结合主成分分析、判别分析和差异系数分析等3种方法比较李仙江3个地理居群间的形态差异。结果均支持镇沅居群较为独立。其中,主成分分析中PC1、PC2和PC3贡献率分别为55.094%,8.397%,6.988%,累积贡献率达70.469%,在PC1、PC2散点图中,镇沅居群个体基本独立分出。应用判别分析,从27个性状变量逐步筛选出对区分3个居群标本贡献较大的7个性状(P<0.01),建立麦穗鱼三个地理居群的判别函数式,发现对镇沅居群的判别率高达100%,对江城、墨江居群的判别率均为96.7%。同样取起主要贡献作用的7个性状与体长的比值进行形态差异系数分析,发现江城居群与镇沅居群之间差异系数大于1.28的性状有3个,墨江居群与镇沅居群之间亦有3个。镇沅居群产生形态变异,除可能受来源、生境因素影响外,遗传因素也发挥着不可忽视的作用。因此在后续研究中还需借助分子生物学手段进行分析。
In this study,11 normal characters and 16 frame traits had been measured in 89 Pseudorasbora parva among different geographical populations(Zhenyuan,Mojiang and Jiangcheng) from Lixianjiang,Red River drainage. These data were analyzed by three different methods,the principal component analysis(PCA),the discriminant analysis and the coefficient of difference analysis to compare the morphological differences among the three geographical populations of P. parva. The results showed that Zhenyuan population was independent from the other populations. In PCA analysis,the contribution rates of PC1,PC2 and PC3 were 55. 094%,8. 397%,and 6. 988% respectively,and cumulatively to 70. 469%. Furthermore,largely independent samples in Zhenyuan were separated in the scatter plot results by the PC1 and PC2. Also in the discriminant analysis,the discriminant rate based on 7 characters variable(P < 0. 01) reached 100%in Zhenyuan populations,while 96. 7% both in Mojiang and Jiangcheng populations. Then,the same 7 traits with body length ratio were used for coefficient of difference analysis,and it was found that both with 3 characters with the more difference coefficient than 1. 28 between Jiangcheng and Zhenyuan,Mojiang and Zhenyuan populations. It is speculated that there are morphological variations in Zhenyuan P. parva. Except the real source of the P. parva,environmental factors,genetic factors may also play a significant role in morphological variation. Therefore,it is necessary to study it by means of molecular biology in future.
In this study,11 normal characters and 16 frame traits had been measured in 89 Pseudorasbora parva among different geographical populations(Zhenyuan,Mojiang and Jiangcheng) from Lixianjiang,Red River drainage. These data were analyzed by three different methods,the principal component analysis(PCA),the discriminant analysis and the coefficient of difference analysis to compare the morphological differences among the three geographical populations of P. parva. The results showed that Zhenyuan population was independent from the other populations. In PCA analysis,the contribution rates of PC1,PC2 and PC3 were 55. 094%,8. 397%,and 6. 988% respectively,and cumulatively to 70. 469%. Furthermore,largely independent samples in Zhenyuan were separated in the scatter plot results by the PC1 and PC2. Also in the discriminant analysis,the discriminant rate based on 7 characters variable(P < 0. 01) reached 100%in Zhenyuan populations,while 96. 7% both in Mojiang and Jiangcheng populations. Then,the same 7 traits with body length ratio were used for coefficient of difference analysis,and it was found that both with 3 characters with the more difference coefficient than 1. 28 between Jiangcheng and Zhenyuan,Mojiang and Zhenyuan populations. It is speculated that there are morphological variations in Zhenyuan P. parva. Except the real source of the P. parva,environmental factors,genetic factors may also play a significant role in morphological variation. Therefore,it is necessary to study it by means of molecular biology in future.
引文
[1]GOZLAN R E,ANDREOU D,ASAEDA T,et al.Pancontinental invasion of Pseudorasbora parva:towards a better understanding of freshwater fish invasions[J].Fish and Fisheries,2010,11(4):315-340.
[2]KARABANOV D P,KODUKHOVA Y V.Stone moroco Pseudorasbora parva(Cyprinidae):New species in the ichthyofauna of Vietnam[J].Journal of Ichthyology,2013,53(3):235-239.
[3]禇新洛,陈银瑞.云南鱼类志(上册)[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.CHU X L,CHEN Y R.The fishes of Yunnan,China(I)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1989.
[4]张玉娟,张乃明,高阳俊.云南省生物入侵现状分析[J].云南环境科学,2004,23(1):10-14.ZHANG Y J,ZHANG N M,GAO Y J.Analysis of the present situation of biological invasion in Yunnan province[J].Yunnan Environmental Science,2004,23(1):10-14.
[5]陈宜瑜.中国动物志:硬骨鱼纲.鲤形目(中卷)[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.CHEN Y Y.China fauna.Osteichthyes.Carp shape mesh(volume)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1998.
[6]王国华.李仙江流域水文特性[J].山西建筑,2009,35(30):361-362.WANG G H.The hydrographic characteristics of Lixian river drainage area[J].Shanxi Architecture,2009,35(30):361-362.
[7]杨剑,潘晓赋,陈小勇,等.李仙江鱼类资源的现状与保护对策[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(2):54-60.YANG J,PAN X F,CHEN X Y,et al.Status and conservation strategy of fish resources in Lixianjiang River[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2010,3(2):54-60.
[8]杨丽萍,杨琴,李奇生,等.李仙江鱼类的区系存在度分析[J].安徽农业大学学报,2012,39(2):184-188.YANG L P,YANG Q,LI Q S,et al.Analysis of the value of faunal presence of fish in the Lixian River[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2012,39(2):184-188.
[9]杨丽萍,杨琴,宁航,等.李仙江流域外来鱼种调查及风险分析[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(13):177-179.YANG L P,YANG Q,NING H,et al.Investigation and risk analysis of introduced fishes in Lixianjiang basin[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2012,39(13):177-179.
[10]PHILLIPS B L,SHINE R.Adapting to an invasive species:toxic cane toads induce morphological change in Australian snakes[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(49):17150-17155.
[11]李光雷,喻树迅,范术丽,等.表观遗传学研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2011,31(1):40-49.LI G L,YU S X,FAN S L,et al.Advances of research on epigenetics[J].Biotechnology Bulletin,2011,31(1):40-49.
[12]KOTUSZ J,WITKOWSKI A.Morphometrics of Pseudorasbora parva(Schlegel,1842)(Cyprinidae:Gobioninae),a species introduced into the Polish waters[J].Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria,1998,28(2):3-14.
[13]ZHORSKE,KOVCˇV,Falka I,et al.Morphological variability of the Asiatic cyprinid,topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva,in its introduced European range[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2009,74(1):167-185.
[14]曾燏.入侵种麦穗鱼的形态特征分析[J].水生态学杂志,2012,33(2):115-120.ZENG Y.Morphometrics analysis of the invasive Pseudorasbora parva from different habitats[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2012,33(2):115-120.
[15]ELLIOTT N G,HASKARD K,KOSLOW J A.Morphometric analysis of orange roughy(Hoplostethus atlanticus)off the continental slope of southern Australia[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1995,46(2):202-220.
[16]闵锐,叶莲,陈小勇,等.滇池金线鲃形态度量学分析(Cypriniformes:Cyprinidae)[J].动物学研究,2009,30(6):707-712.MIN R,YE L,CHEN X Y,et al.Morphometrics analysis of Sinocyclocheilus grahami(Cypriniformes:Cyprinidae)[J].Zoological Research,2009,30(6):707-712.
[17]任志娟.SPSS中判别分析方法的正确使用[J].统计与决策,2006,(3):157.REN Z J.Proper use of discriminant analysis in SPSS[J].Statistics and Decision,2006,(3):157.
[18]MAYRE,LINSLEY E G,USINGER R L.Methods and principles of systematic zoology[M].New York:Mc GrawHill,1953.
[19]刘彩霞,彭作刚,何舜平.长臀鮠属鱼类多变量形态分析及物种有效性研究[J].水生生物学报,2005,29(5):507-512.LIU C X,PENG Z G,HE S P.Studies on species classification for genus Cranoglanis peters with the method of morphometrics[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2005,29(5):507-512.
[20]杨琴,周伟,舒树森.云南盘鮈不同地理居群的形态变异及分化[J].动物分类学报,2011,36(1):117-124.YANG Q,ZHOU W,SHU S S.Morphological variations and differentlation of Discogobio yunnanensis from different population[J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,2011,36(1):117-124.
[21]姚景龙,严云志,高勇,等.扁头鮡地理种群形态变异的研究兼论大鳍鮡的物种有效性[J].动物分类学报,2007,32(4):814-821.YAO J L,YAN Y Z,GAO Y,et al.Study on morphological variations of Pareuchiloglanis kamengensis and species validity of P.Macropterus in Southwestern of China[J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,2007,32(4):814-821.
[22]徐衡,胡永来,徐义平,等.浙江彩虹明樱蛤群体的形态和遗传多样性分析[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(4):508-514.XU H,HU R L,XU Y P,et al.The analysis of genetic diversity and morphology of Moerella iridescens in Zhejiang Province[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2016,25(4):508-514.
[23]梁超,杨爱国,刘志鸿,等.4个地理群体魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)的形态差异与判别分析[J].海洋科学,2011,35(11):108-113.LIANG C,YANG A G,LIU Z H,et al.Morphological variations and discriminant analysis of different geographical populations of Scapharca broughtonii Schrenck[J].Marine Sciences,2011,35(11):108-113.
[24]李秀启,安丽,王亚楠,等.南水北调东线南四湖湖鲚种群的形态判别与地理亲缘关系[J].水生态学杂志,2015,36(2):81-87.LI X Q,AN L,WANG Y N,et al.Morphological discriminant analysis and phylogeography of Coilia ectenes in Nansi lake on the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2015,36(2):81-87.
[25]马爱军,王新安,孙志宾,等.红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)三个不同群体的形态差异分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(1):166-172.MA A J,WANG X A,SUN Z B,et al.Morphological variations among three different populations of Takifugu rubripes[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2016,47(1):166-172.
[26]代应贵,岳晓炯,尹邦一.濒危鱼类稀有白甲鱼沅江种群与西江种群形态度量学性状的差异性[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(3):641-647.DAI Y G,YUE X J,YIN B Y.Morphometrics differences between the populations of endangered species Onychostoma rara from Yuanjiang River and Xijiang River systems,Southwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,32(3):641-647.
[27]廖锐,区又君,勾效伟,等.黄唇鱼、大黄鱼、丁氏和棘头梅童鱼的形态差异和判别分析[J].大连水产学院学报,2009,24(4):305-310.LIAO R,OU Y J,GOU X W,et al.Morphological variations and discrimination of four fish species Chinese bahaba Bahaba flavolabiata,large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea,Ting’wak Wak tingi and spinyhead croaker Collichthys lucidus[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2009,24(4):305-310.
[28]KOVCˇV,SIRYOVS.Ontogenetic variability in external morphology of bighead goby Neogobius kessleri from the Middle Danube,Slovakia[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2005,21(4):312-315.
[29]杨继.植物种内形态变异的机制及其研究方法[J].武汉植物学研究,1991,9(2):185-195.YANG J.Infraspecific variation in plant and the exploring methods[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,1991,9(2):185-195.
[30]马洪雨,郭金峰,岳永生,等.东平湖麦穗鱼群体遗传结构的微卫星标记分析[J].生命科学研究,2006,10(1):67-70.MA H Y,GUO J F,YUE Y S,et al.Genetic variation of Pseudorasbora parva in Dongping Lake Using microsatellites[J].Life Science Research,2006,10(1):67-70.
[2]KARABANOV D P,KODUKHOVA Y V.Stone moroco Pseudorasbora parva(Cyprinidae):New species in the ichthyofauna of Vietnam[J].Journal of Ichthyology,2013,53(3):235-239.
[3]禇新洛,陈银瑞.云南鱼类志(上册)[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.CHU X L,CHEN Y R.The fishes of Yunnan,China(I)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1989.
[4]张玉娟,张乃明,高阳俊.云南省生物入侵现状分析[J].云南环境科学,2004,23(1):10-14.ZHANG Y J,ZHANG N M,GAO Y J.Analysis of the present situation of biological invasion in Yunnan province[J].Yunnan Environmental Science,2004,23(1):10-14.
[5]陈宜瑜.中国动物志:硬骨鱼纲.鲤形目(中卷)[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.CHEN Y Y.China fauna.Osteichthyes.Carp shape mesh(volume)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1998.
[6]王国华.李仙江流域水文特性[J].山西建筑,2009,35(30):361-362.WANG G H.The hydrographic characteristics of Lixian river drainage area[J].Shanxi Architecture,2009,35(30):361-362.
[7]杨剑,潘晓赋,陈小勇,等.李仙江鱼类资源的现状与保护对策[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(2):54-60.YANG J,PAN X F,CHEN X Y,et al.Status and conservation strategy of fish resources in Lixianjiang River[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2010,3(2):54-60.
[8]杨丽萍,杨琴,李奇生,等.李仙江鱼类的区系存在度分析[J].安徽农业大学学报,2012,39(2):184-188.YANG L P,YANG Q,LI Q S,et al.Analysis of the value of faunal presence of fish in the Lixian River[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2012,39(2):184-188.
[9]杨丽萍,杨琴,宁航,等.李仙江流域外来鱼种调查及风险分析[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(13):177-179.YANG L P,YANG Q,NING H,et al.Investigation and risk analysis of introduced fishes in Lixianjiang basin[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2012,39(13):177-179.
[10]PHILLIPS B L,SHINE R.Adapting to an invasive species:toxic cane toads induce morphological change in Australian snakes[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(49):17150-17155.
[11]李光雷,喻树迅,范术丽,等.表观遗传学研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2011,31(1):40-49.LI G L,YU S X,FAN S L,et al.Advances of research on epigenetics[J].Biotechnology Bulletin,2011,31(1):40-49.
[12]KOTUSZ J,WITKOWSKI A.Morphometrics of Pseudorasbora parva(Schlegel,1842)(Cyprinidae:Gobioninae),a species introduced into the Polish waters[J].Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria,1998,28(2):3-14.
[13]ZHORSKE,KOVCˇV,Falka I,et al.Morphological variability of the Asiatic cyprinid,topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva,in its introduced European range[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2009,74(1):167-185.
[14]曾燏.入侵种麦穗鱼的形态特征分析[J].水生态学杂志,2012,33(2):115-120.ZENG Y.Morphometrics analysis of the invasive Pseudorasbora parva from different habitats[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2012,33(2):115-120.
[15]ELLIOTT N G,HASKARD K,KOSLOW J A.Morphometric analysis of orange roughy(Hoplostethus atlanticus)off the continental slope of southern Australia[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1995,46(2):202-220.
[16]闵锐,叶莲,陈小勇,等.滇池金线鲃形态度量学分析(Cypriniformes:Cyprinidae)[J].动物学研究,2009,30(6):707-712.MIN R,YE L,CHEN X Y,et al.Morphometrics analysis of Sinocyclocheilus grahami(Cypriniformes:Cyprinidae)[J].Zoological Research,2009,30(6):707-712.
[17]任志娟.SPSS中判别分析方法的正确使用[J].统计与决策,2006,(3):157.REN Z J.Proper use of discriminant analysis in SPSS[J].Statistics and Decision,2006,(3):157.
[18]MAYRE,LINSLEY E G,USINGER R L.Methods and principles of systematic zoology[M].New York:Mc GrawHill,1953.
[19]刘彩霞,彭作刚,何舜平.长臀鮠属鱼类多变量形态分析及物种有效性研究[J].水生生物学报,2005,29(5):507-512.LIU C X,PENG Z G,HE S P.Studies on species classification for genus Cranoglanis peters with the method of morphometrics[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2005,29(5):507-512.
[20]杨琴,周伟,舒树森.云南盘鮈不同地理居群的形态变异及分化[J].动物分类学报,2011,36(1):117-124.YANG Q,ZHOU W,SHU S S.Morphological variations and differentlation of Discogobio yunnanensis from different population[J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,2011,36(1):117-124.
[21]姚景龙,严云志,高勇,等.扁头鮡地理种群形态变异的研究兼论大鳍鮡的物种有效性[J].动物分类学报,2007,32(4):814-821.YAO J L,YAN Y Z,GAO Y,et al.Study on morphological variations of Pareuchiloglanis kamengensis and species validity of P.Macropterus in Southwestern of China[J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,2007,32(4):814-821.
[22]徐衡,胡永来,徐义平,等.浙江彩虹明樱蛤群体的形态和遗传多样性分析[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(4):508-514.XU H,HU R L,XU Y P,et al.The analysis of genetic diversity and morphology of Moerella iridescens in Zhejiang Province[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2016,25(4):508-514.
[23]梁超,杨爱国,刘志鸿,等.4个地理群体魁蚶(Scapharca broughtonii)的形态差异与判别分析[J].海洋科学,2011,35(11):108-113.LIANG C,YANG A G,LIU Z H,et al.Morphological variations and discriminant analysis of different geographical populations of Scapharca broughtonii Schrenck[J].Marine Sciences,2011,35(11):108-113.
[24]李秀启,安丽,王亚楠,等.南水北调东线南四湖湖鲚种群的形态判别与地理亲缘关系[J].水生态学杂志,2015,36(2):81-87.LI X Q,AN L,WANG Y N,et al.Morphological discriminant analysis and phylogeography of Coilia ectenes in Nansi lake on the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2015,36(2):81-87.
[25]马爱军,王新安,孙志宾,等.红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)三个不同群体的形态差异分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(1):166-172.MA A J,WANG X A,SUN Z B,et al.Morphological variations among three different populations of Takifugu rubripes[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2016,47(1):166-172.
[26]代应贵,岳晓炯,尹邦一.濒危鱼类稀有白甲鱼沅江种群与西江种群形态度量学性状的差异性[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(3):641-647.DAI Y G,YUE X J,YIN B Y.Morphometrics differences between the populations of endangered species Onychostoma rara from Yuanjiang River and Xijiang River systems,Southwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,32(3):641-647.
[27]廖锐,区又君,勾效伟,等.黄唇鱼、大黄鱼、丁氏和棘头梅童鱼的形态差异和判别分析[J].大连水产学院学报,2009,24(4):305-310.LIAO R,OU Y J,GOU X W,et al.Morphological variations and discrimination of four fish species Chinese bahaba Bahaba flavolabiata,large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea,Ting’wak Wak tingi and spinyhead croaker Collichthys lucidus[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2009,24(4):305-310.
[28]KOVCˇV,SIRYOVS.Ontogenetic variability in external morphology of bighead goby Neogobius kessleri from the Middle Danube,Slovakia[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2005,21(4):312-315.
[29]杨继.植物种内形态变异的机制及其研究方法[J].武汉植物学研究,1991,9(2):185-195.YANG J.Infraspecific variation in plant and the exploring methods[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,1991,9(2):185-195.
[30]马洪雨,郭金峰,岳永生,等.东平湖麦穗鱼群体遗传结构的微卫星标记分析[J].生命科学研究,2006,10(1):67-70.MA H Y,GUO J F,YUE Y S,et al.Genetic variation of Pseudorasbora parva in Dongping Lake Using microsatellites[J].Life Science Research,2006,10(1):67-70.