不同等级主题公园市场空间结构及旅游者空间行为差异——以上海迪士尼和芜湖方特为例
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摘要
以上海迪士尼和芜湖方特为研究对象,依托实地问卷调研数据,采用Arc GIS、空间使用曲线、地理集中度等相关统计分析法研究两个不同等级主题公园的市场空间结构及游客空间行为模式差异。结果表明:上海迪士尼游客空间使用曲线是Maxwell-Boltzman曲线和基本型曲线的组合,吸引力范围主要集中在1 500 km内;芜湖方特游客空间使用曲线基本符合基本型曲线,吸引力范围主要集中在200 km内,上海迪士尼市场空间范围远大于芜湖方特;芜湖方特客源集中度显著高于上海迪士尼,且主要集中在安徽省内;上海迪士尼和芜湖方特游客均以单目的地为主要空间行为模式,均表现出一定程度的"孤岛化"现象,但芜湖方特游客的单目的地行为模式比例高于上海迪士尼游客,旅行链行为模式比例低于上海迪士尼游客,且不同游客空间行为模式存在差异性。
Selecting Shanghai Disneyland and Fantwild in Wuhu as the object of study,the data used in this study were collected through field work and investigation questionnaire. Using relevant statistical and analysis method such as ArcGIS,spatial use curve and geographic concentration,this paper studied the market spatial structure and the spatial behavior pattern of two different levels of theme parks,Shanghai Disneyland and Fantwild in Wuhu.The results showed that spatial use curve of Shanghai Disneyland was the compound of Maxwell-Boltzman type and basic type,the range of attraction is mainly concentrated within 1500 km. Spatial use curve of Fantwild in Wuhu basically conformed to the basic type,the range of attraction was mainly concentrated within 200 km. In terms of market space,Shanghai Disneyland was wider than Fantwild in Wuhu. Geographic concentration of Fantwild in Wuhu was significantly higher than Shanghai Disneyland,tourists of Fantwild in Wuhu are mainly concentrated in Anhui Province. Single-destination pattern is the main spatial behavior pattern of tourists in Shanghai Disneyland and Fantwild in Wuhu,they both showed a certain degree of "islanding"phenomenon. The proportion of singledestination pattern of Fantwild in Wuhu was significantly higher,the proportion of travel chain behavior is lower than that of Shanghai Disneyland. Subsequently,"islanding"phenomenon of Fantwild in Wuhu was more apparent. And there are differences in the spatial behavior patterns of different tourists.
Selecting Shanghai Disneyland and Fantwild in Wuhu as the object of study,the data used in this study were collected through field work and investigation questionnaire. Using relevant statistical and analysis method such as ArcGIS,spatial use curve and geographic concentration,this paper studied the market spatial structure and the spatial behavior pattern of two different levels of theme parks,Shanghai Disneyland and Fantwild in Wuhu.The results showed that spatial use curve of Shanghai Disneyland was the compound of Maxwell-Boltzman type and basic type,the range of attraction is mainly concentrated within 1500 km. Spatial use curve of Fantwild in Wuhu basically conformed to the basic type,the range of attraction was mainly concentrated within 200 km. In terms of market space,Shanghai Disneyland was wider than Fantwild in Wuhu. Geographic concentration of Fantwild in Wuhu was significantly higher than Shanghai Disneyland,tourists of Fantwild in Wuhu are mainly concentrated in Anhui Province. Single-destination pattern is the main spatial behavior pattern of tourists in Shanghai Disneyland and Fantwild in Wuhu,they both showed a certain degree of "islanding"phenomenon. The proportion of singledestination pattern of Fantwild in Wuhu was significantly higher,the proportion of travel chain behavior is lower than that of Shanghai Disneyland. Subsequently,"islanding"phenomenon of Fantwild in Wuhu was more apparent. And there are differences in the spatial behavior patterns of different tourists.
引文
[1] IAAPA. 2016 TEA/AECOM Theme Index and Museum Index Reveals Thriving Industry[R]. California USA:Themed Entertainment Association,2016:10.
[2] TSANG N K F,LEE L Y S,WONG A,et al. THEMEQUALadapting the SERVQUAL Scale to Theme Park Services:A Case of Hong Kong Disneyland[J]. Journal of Travel&Tourism Marketing,2012,29(5):416-429.
[3] IAAPA. 2016 TEA/AECOM Theme Index and Museum Index Reveals Thriving Industry[R]. California:Themed Entertainment Association,2016:44.
[4]张佑印,顾静.天津滨海新区旅游市场空间结构及游客行为研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(6):191-197.
[5]钟士恩,任黎秀,欧阳怀龙.世界遗产地庐山“圈层飞地”型旅游客源市场空间结构研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2007,23(4):76-80.
[6] CHRISTALLER W. Some Considerations of Tourism Location in Europe:The Peripheral Regions-underdeveloped Countries-recreation Areas[J]. Papers in Regional Science,1964,12(1):95-105.
[7] LUNDGREN J O J. Tourist Impact/Island Entrepreneurship in the Caribbean[C]. Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers:University of Texas Press,1975,4:12-19.
[8] HAGGETT P,CHORLEY R J. Network Analysis in Geography[M]. London:Edward Arnold,1969:54-55.
[9] GREGORY D,JOHNSTON D,PRATT G,et al. The Dictionary of Human Geography[M]. Oxford:Blackwell,2011:76-79.
[10] GUNN C A. Tourism Planning[M]. New York:Taylor&Francis,1988:122-123.
[11]解杼,张捷,刘泽华.旅游客源市场空间结构及地理细分市场计量分析研究——以江西省为例[J].经济地理,2004,24(6):852-855.
[12]闾平贵,汪德根,魏向东.“时空压缩”与客源市场空间结构演变——以江苏国际旅游客源市场为例[J].经济地理,2009,29(3):504-509.
[13]赵莹雪.珠海国内旅游客源市场空间结构演变与优化[J].热带地理,2010,30(4):425-429.
[14]林海英,孟娜娜,李文龙.“一带一路”战略下内蒙古入境旅游客源市场时空演化[J].地域研究与开发,2016,35(2):101-107.
[15]吴晋峰,马耀峰.旅游客源市场空间结构对比研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2004,18(5):132-136.
[16]姚宏,郭雪梅.山西省国内旅游市场空间结构与差异分析[J].地域研究与开发,2014,33(5):94-98.
[17]琚胜利,张建春,徐峰.天柱山国内旅游市场空间结构分析与优化[J].资源开发与市场,2004,20(6):464-466.
[18]马晓龙,张宪玉.旅游目的地空间结构的市场影响研究——敦煌案例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(8):124-128.
[19]刘少湃,田纪鹏,陆林.上海迪士尼在建景区客源市场空间结构预测——旅游引力模型的修正及应用[J].地理学报,2016,71(2):304-321.
[20]李海建,梁留科.基于IGJAHP的旅游客源市场空间结构分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2009,25(2):99-103.
[21] GUNN C A,TAYLOR G D. Book Review:Vacationscape:Designing Tourist Regions[J]. Journal of Travel Research,1973,11(3):24.
[22] MINGS R C,MCHUGH K E. The Spatial Configuration of Travel to Yellowstone National Park[J]. Journal of Travel Research,1992,30(4):38-46.
[23] LUE C C,CROMPTON J L,FESENMAIER D R. Conceptualization of Multi-destination Pleasure Trips[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1993,20(2):289-301.
[24] OPPERMANN M. A Model of Travel Itineraries[J]. Journal of Travel Research,1995,33(4):57-61.
[25] SEGUí-LLINáS M,CAPELLá-CERVERA J E. Spanish Package Holiday Tourism to China:Spatial Patterns and Tourist Attractions[J]. Tourism Geographies,2006,8(3):233-252.
[26] TANG J,Li J. Spatial Network of Urban Tourist Flow in Xi’an Based on Microblog Big Data[J]. Journal of China Tourism Research,2016,12(1):5-23.
[27] BIRENBOIM A,ANTON-CLAVéS,RUSSO A P,et al.Temporal Activity Patterns of Theme Park Visitors[J].Tourism Geographies,2013,15(4):601-619.
[28] HUANG X T,WU B H. Intra-attraction Tourist Spatialtemporal Behaviour Patterns[J]. Tourism Geographies,2012,14(4):625-645.
[29]陆林.山岳风景区旅游者空间行为研究——兼论黄山与美国黄石公园之比较[J].地理学报,1996,51(4):315-321.
[30]陆林,汤云云.珠江三角洲都市圈国内旅游者空间行为模式研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(1):10-18.
[31]宣国富,陆林,汪德根,等.三亚市旅游客流空间特性研究[J].地理研究,2004,23(1):115-124.
[32]卢松,吉慧,蔡云峰.黄山市自驾车入游流旅行空间行为研究[J].地理研究,2013,32(1):179-190.
[33]刘梦圆,赵媛,李亚兵.徐州市旅游者空间行为路径分析及旅游发展对策[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(1):203-208.
[34]周旗,卫旭东.太白山客源市场结构与游客行为模式研究[J].人文地理,2003,18(5):89-93.
[35]黄潇婷.基于时间地理学的景区旅游者时空行为模式研究——以北京颐和园为例[J].旅游学刊,2009,24(6):82-87.
[36]黄潇婷,张晓珊,赵莹.大陆游客境外旅游景区内时空行为模式研究[J].资源科学,2015,37(11):2140-2150.
[37]冯娟,乔花芳.农村居民空间行为模式转换研究——以武汉市新洲区3个样本村为例[J].地域研究与开发,2015,34(1):144-149.
[38]吕丽,曾琪洁,陆林.上海世博会中国国内旅游者空间行为研究[J].地理科学,2012,32(2):186-192.
[39]张晓燕,张善芹,马勋.我国自驾车旅游者行为研究——以华北地区为例[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(9):31-35.
[2] TSANG N K F,LEE L Y S,WONG A,et al. THEMEQUALadapting the SERVQUAL Scale to Theme Park Services:A Case of Hong Kong Disneyland[J]. Journal of Travel&Tourism Marketing,2012,29(5):416-429.
[3] IAAPA. 2016 TEA/AECOM Theme Index and Museum Index Reveals Thriving Industry[R]. California:Themed Entertainment Association,2016:44.
[4]张佑印,顾静.天津滨海新区旅游市场空间结构及游客行为研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(6):191-197.
[5]钟士恩,任黎秀,欧阳怀龙.世界遗产地庐山“圈层飞地”型旅游客源市场空间结构研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2007,23(4):76-80.
[6] CHRISTALLER W. Some Considerations of Tourism Location in Europe:The Peripheral Regions-underdeveloped Countries-recreation Areas[J]. Papers in Regional Science,1964,12(1):95-105.
[7] LUNDGREN J O J. Tourist Impact/Island Entrepreneurship in the Caribbean[C]. Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers:University of Texas Press,1975,4:12-19.
[8] HAGGETT P,CHORLEY R J. Network Analysis in Geography[M]. London:Edward Arnold,1969:54-55.
[9] GREGORY D,JOHNSTON D,PRATT G,et al. The Dictionary of Human Geography[M]. Oxford:Blackwell,2011:76-79.
[10] GUNN C A. Tourism Planning[M]. New York:Taylor&Francis,1988:122-123.
[11]解杼,张捷,刘泽华.旅游客源市场空间结构及地理细分市场计量分析研究——以江西省为例[J].经济地理,2004,24(6):852-855.
[12]闾平贵,汪德根,魏向东.“时空压缩”与客源市场空间结构演变——以江苏国际旅游客源市场为例[J].经济地理,2009,29(3):504-509.
[13]赵莹雪.珠海国内旅游客源市场空间结构演变与优化[J].热带地理,2010,30(4):425-429.
[14]林海英,孟娜娜,李文龙.“一带一路”战略下内蒙古入境旅游客源市场时空演化[J].地域研究与开发,2016,35(2):101-107.
[15]吴晋峰,马耀峰.旅游客源市场空间结构对比研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2004,18(5):132-136.
[16]姚宏,郭雪梅.山西省国内旅游市场空间结构与差异分析[J].地域研究与开发,2014,33(5):94-98.
[17]琚胜利,张建春,徐峰.天柱山国内旅游市场空间结构分析与优化[J].资源开发与市场,2004,20(6):464-466.
[18]马晓龙,张宪玉.旅游目的地空间结构的市场影响研究——敦煌案例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(8):124-128.
[19]刘少湃,田纪鹏,陆林.上海迪士尼在建景区客源市场空间结构预测——旅游引力模型的修正及应用[J].地理学报,2016,71(2):304-321.
[20]李海建,梁留科.基于IGJAHP的旅游客源市场空间结构分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2009,25(2):99-103.
[21] GUNN C A,TAYLOR G D. Book Review:Vacationscape:Designing Tourist Regions[J]. Journal of Travel Research,1973,11(3):24.
[22] MINGS R C,MCHUGH K E. The Spatial Configuration of Travel to Yellowstone National Park[J]. Journal of Travel Research,1992,30(4):38-46.
[23] LUE C C,CROMPTON J L,FESENMAIER D R. Conceptualization of Multi-destination Pleasure Trips[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1993,20(2):289-301.
[24] OPPERMANN M. A Model of Travel Itineraries[J]. Journal of Travel Research,1995,33(4):57-61.
[25] SEGUí-LLINáS M,CAPELLá-CERVERA J E. Spanish Package Holiday Tourism to China:Spatial Patterns and Tourist Attractions[J]. Tourism Geographies,2006,8(3):233-252.
[26] TANG J,Li J. Spatial Network of Urban Tourist Flow in Xi’an Based on Microblog Big Data[J]. Journal of China Tourism Research,2016,12(1):5-23.
[27] BIRENBOIM A,ANTON-CLAVéS,RUSSO A P,et al.Temporal Activity Patterns of Theme Park Visitors[J].Tourism Geographies,2013,15(4):601-619.
[28] HUANG X T,WU B H. Intra-attraction Tourist Spatialtemporal Behaviour Patterns[J]. Tourism Geographies,2012,14(4):625-645.
[29]陆林.山岳风景区旅游者空间行为研究——兼论黄山与美国黄石公园之比较[J].地理学报,1996,51(4):315-321.
[30]陆林,汤云云.珠江三角洲都市圈国内旅游者空间行为模式研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(1):10-18.
[31]宣国富,陆林,汪德根,等.三亚市旅游客流空间特性研究[J].地理研究,2004,23(1):115-124.
[32]卢松,吉慧,蔡云峰.黄山市自驾车入游流旅行空间行为研究[J].地理研究,2013,32(1):179-190.
[33]刘梦圆,赵媛,李亚兵.徐州市旅游者空间行为路径分析及旅游发展对策[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(1):203-208.
[34]周旗,卫旭东.太白山客源市场结构与游客行为模式研究[J].人文地理,2003,18(5):89-93.
[35]黄潇婷.基于时间地理学的景区旅游者时空行为模式研究——以北京颐和园为例[J].旅游学刊,2009,24(6):82-87.
[36]黄潇婷,张晓珊,赵莹.大陆游客境外旅游景区内时空行为模式研究[J].资源科学,2015,37(11):2140-2150.
[37]冯娟,乔花芳.农村居民空间行为模式转换研究——以武汉市新洲区3个样本村为例[J].地域研究与开发,2015,34(1):144-149.
[38]吕丽,曾琪洁,陆林.上海世博会中国国内旅游者空间行为研究[J].地理科学,2012,32(2):186-192.
[39]张晓燕,张善芹,马勋.我国自驾车旅游者行为研究——以华北地区为例[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(9):31-35.
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