干旱胁迫对艾纳香盆栽幼苗生长及叶片结构的影响
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摘要
【目的】了解特色药用植物艾纳香(Blumea balsamifera L. DC.)幼苗期在不同水分胁迫下不同取样时期的苗高、地径、生物量及叶结构变化,寻找最佳栽培条件。【方法】2014年5—9月,以一年生艾纳香幼苗为试验材料,进行不同程度(土壤田间持水量:CK为80%,轻度胁迫LD为60%,中度胁迫MD为40%,重度胁迫SD为30%)的干旱胁迫盆栽试验,测定艾纳香生物量和显微镜下的叶结构指标,分析不同程度干旱对艾纳香生物量和叶片结构的影响。【结果】不同干旱程度下,艾纳香的生物量、叶片厚度、栅栏组织与细胞结构紧密度(CTR)均随土壤水分的减少而减少,而根冠比、细胞结构疏松度(SR)与海绵组织随水分的减少而增大。【结论】中度胁迫是艾纳香生长可承受的最大范围,人工种植在土壤含水量40%下能维持叶片与地径的生长,从而获得药用材料。
[Purpose]To understand the changes of plant height, diameter, biomass and leaf structure of different medicinal plant Blumea balsamifera L. DC. under different water stress in order to find out the best cultivation conditions.[Method]The experiments were conducted on 1-year-old B.balsamifera seedlings as test materials for 4 months(May-September 2014) with different degrees of drought stress(CK was 80% of field soil water content, LD was 60% and MD was 40%, SD 30%).The biomass and the leaf structure index under the microscope were determined. The effects of different degrees of drought on the biomass of B. balsamifera and the structure of the leaves were analyzed.[Result]Under different drought degrees, biomass, leaf thickness, palisade tissue and cell tense ratio(CTR) decreased with decreasing soil moisture, whereas root-shoot ratio, spongy ratio(SR)and sponge tissue increased with decreasing water content.[ Conclusion] Moderate stress is the maximum tolerable range of the plant growth. Artificial planting can maintain the growth of leaves and ground diameter under 40% of the soil water content to obtain the medicinal material.
[Purpose]To understand the changes of plant height, diameter, biomass and leaf structure of different medicinal plant Blumea balsamifera L. DC. under different water stress in order to find out the best cultivation conditions.[Method]The experiments were conducted on 1-year-old B.balsamifera seedlings as test materials for 4 months(May-September 2014) with different degrees of drought stress(CK was 80% of field soil water content, LD was 60% and MD was 40%, SD 30%).The biomass and the leaf structure index under the microscope were determined. The effects of different degrees of drought on the biomass of B. balsamifera and the structure of the leaves were analyzed.[Result]Under different drought degrees, biomass, leaf thickness, palisade tissue and cell tense ratio(CTR) decreased with decreasing soil moisture, whereas root-shoot ratio, spongy ratio(SR)and sponge tissue increased with decreasing water content.[ Conclusion] Moderate stress is the maximum tolerable range of the plant growth. Artificial planting can maintain the growth of leaves and ground diameter under 40% of the soil water content to obtain the medicinal material.
引文
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[2]官玲亮,庞玉新,王丹,等.中国民族特色药材艾纳香研究进展[J].植物遗传资源学报,2012,13(4):695.DOI:10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2012.04.011.
[3]白志文,朱露,卢媛,等.苗药艾纳香研究进展[J].中国民族医药杂志,2012,18(7):65.DOI:10.16041/j.cnki.cn15-1175.2012.07.034.
[4]江维克,周涛,何平,等.贵州红水河地区艾纳香植物资源调查及其保护策略[J].贵州农业科学,2010,38(8):1.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3601.2010.08.001.
[5]胡蕖,周家维.贵州省艾纳香植物资源现状及适生区区划初步研究[J].贵州林业科技,1999,27(1):22.
[6]王世杰,李阳兵.喀斯特石漠化研究存在的问题与发展趋势[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(6):573.DOI:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.06.0573.
[7]牛素贞,宋勤飞,樊卫国,等.干旱胁迫对喀斯特地区野生茶树幼苗生理特性及根系生长的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(21):7333.DOI:10.5846/stxb201608161674.
[8]董蕾,陈博,李吉跃,等.5个楸树无性系抗旱性的综合评价[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(4):30.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-923X.2014.04.007.
[9]杨艳华,王才林.不同水稻品种叶片显微结构和超微结构的比较研究[J].植物研究,2010,30(2):152.
[10]任磊,赵夏陆,许靖,等.4种茶菊对干旱胁迫的形态和生理响应[J].生态学报,2015,35(15):5131.DOI:10.5846/stxb201608161674.
[11]刘长成,刘玉国,郭柯.四种不同生活型植物幼苗对喀斯特生境干旱的生理生态适应性[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(10):1070.DOI:10.3724/sp.j.1258.2011.01070.
[12]李芳兰,包维楷,吴宁.白刺花幼苗对不同强度干旱胁迫的形态与生理响应[J].生态学报,2009,29(10):5406.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2009.10.027.
[13]厉广辉,张昆,刘风珍,等.不同抗旱性花生品种的叶片形态及生理特性[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(4):644.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.04.004.
[14]胡昕.干旱和遮荫对2种百合生长及生理特性的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2012.
[15]谭道鹏,严启新,康晖,等.艾纳香化学成分的研究[J].天然产物研究与开发,2012,24(6):718.DOI:10.16333/j.1001-6880.2012.06.006.
[16]严启新,谭道鹏,康晖,等.艾纳香中的黄酮类化学成分[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2012,18(5):86.DOI:10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.2012.05.033.
[17]李丽霞,刘济明,池馨,等.艾纳香幼苗对夏季干旱胁迫生理响应[J].东北农业大学学报,2016,47(6):18.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-3805.2016.06.003.
[18]池馨,廖小峰,刘济明,等.自然干旱胁迫下艾纳香的生理生化特性[J].贵州农业科学,2014(8):48.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3601.2014.08.014.
[19]吴林,刘海广,刘雅娟.越橘叶片组织结构及其与抗寒性的关系[J].吉林农业大学学报,2005(1):48.DOI:10.13327/j.jjlau.2005.01.012.
[20]CATONI R,GRATANI L,BRACCO F,et al.How water supply during leaf development drives water stress response in Corylus avellana saplings[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2017,214:122.DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2016.11.022.
[21]马剑,刘贤德,孟好军,等.水分胁迫对文冠果幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(1):128.
[22]ZANDALINAS S I,MITTLER R,BALFAGON D,et al.Plant adaptations to the combination of drought and high temperatures[J].Physiologia Plantarum,2018,162:2.DOI:10.1111/ppl.12540.
[23]徐炳成,山仑.苜蓿和沙打旺苗期需水及其根冠比[J].草地学报,2003,11(1):78.DOI:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2003.01.016.
[24]李瑞姣,岳春雷,李贺鹏,等.干旱胁迫对日本荚蒾幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2018,33(2):56.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2018.02.09.
[25]刘振虎,李魁英,张爱峰.草坪草需水研究概述[J].中国草地,2001,23(4):66.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5021.2001.04.013.
[26]胡亦民,胡奕文,宋朝辉,等.太行山区常见绿化树种叶片栅栏组织与植物耐旱性的相关性分析[J].北方园艺,2012(14):68.
[27]张禄,康利平.干旱胁迫对豇豆幼苗叶片及根显微结构的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2012(10):66.
[28]曲桂敏,李兴国,赵飞,等.水分胁迫对苹果叶片和新根显微结构的影响[J].园艺学报,1999(3):9.
[29]赵秀明,王飞,韩明玉,等.新引进苹果矮化砧木的叶片解剖结构及抗旱性[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(5):136.DOI:10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2012.05.031.
[30]薛静,王国骄,李建东,等.不同水分条件下三裂叶豚草叶解剖结构的生态适应性[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(3):686.DOI:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2010.03.034.
[31]ZHANG W J,CAO Z,XIE Z C,et al.Effect of waterstress on roots biomass and secondary metabolites in the medicinal plant Stellaria dichotoma L.var.lanceolata Bge[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2017,224:280.DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2017.06.030.
[32]艾复清,江锡瑜,肖吉中.烤烟外观成熟特征与品质关系的研究[J].中国烟草科学,1999(3):29.DOI:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.1999.03.009.