播种量和行距配置对盐碱地紫花苜蓿草产量及品质的影响
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摘要
在山东省东营市农业科学研究院试验基地,以黄淮海当家紫花苜蓿品种中苜3号为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,设播种量(7.5, 15.0, 22.5 kg·hm~(-2))和行距(15, 30, 40 cm)两个因素,研究了盐碱地条件下不同播种量和行距对紫花苜蓿干草产量和品质的影响,旨在为苜蓿生产确定最佳播种量和行距配置,为发展盐碱地苜蓿产业提供科学依据。结果表明,1)播种量对3年总产量无显著性影响(P>0.05),但对播种当年产量有极显著影响(P<0.01),播种量22.5 kg·hm~(-2)的3年总产量最高,产量随播种量增加呈不断提高的趋势;行距对3年总产量有极显著性影响(P<0.01),行距15 cm的3年总产量最高,随着行距的增加产量呈减小趋势;行距对播种当年的产量影响较大,随着生长时间的延长,行距对产量的影响逐渐减小;播种量为22.5 kg·hm~(-2)、行距为15 cm组合的3年总产量最高。2)播种量和行距对每m~2枝条数和枝条重有显著性影响(P<0.05),随着播种量的增加和行距的减小,每m~2枝条数呈增加的趋势,枝条重则呈减小趋势。产量与每m~2枝条数始终呈正相关关系,与枝条重呈负相关关系,均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。3)随着播种量的增加和行距的减小,粗蛋白(crude protein,CP)含量和相对饲喂价值(relative feed value,RFV)有上升的趋势,中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber,ADF)含量有下降趋势;播种量为22.5 kg·hm~(-2)、行距为15 cm时营养价值最高。4)从高产和品质综合考虑,在播种量22.5 kg·hm~(-2)和行距15 cm配置情况下,有利于提高苜蓿的产量和品质。综上,在山东以及黄淮海盐碱地区以种植耐盐碱苜蓿品种为宜,不同播种量和行距对产量的影响有随生长期的延长而减少的趋势,在适宜播种量和行距配置条件下,有利于提高苜蓿的产量和品质。
Appropriate seeding rate and row spacing are essential for optimizing alfalfa hay yield and quality. This paper reports a field experiment conducted from 2015 to 2017 to study the effects of seeding rate and row spacing on alfalfa hay yield, quality and other traits at the Dongying Academy of Agricultural Sciences experimental base, in the Huang-Huai-Hai area of Shandong Province. The Medicago sativa cultivar used was Zhongmu No.3. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Each replicate had 9 treatment combinations. Treatments were arranged as 3×3 factorial combination of three seeding rates(7.5, 15.0 and 22.5 kg·ha~(-1)) and three row spacings(15, 30 and 40 cm). Individual plot size was 5 m by 6 m, with 1.0 m spacing between the adjacent plots. This study was designed to determine the optimum seeding rate and row spacing when cropping alfalfa on saline-alkali land. It was found that seeding rate had significant effects on the yields in the establishment year but no significant effects on total yields over three years. Yield increased with seeding rate and the highest total yield was obtained at the seeding rate of 22.5 kg·ha~(-1). There were significant differences for three years yields among row spacing treatments, with the total yield of the 15 cm row spacing treatment being the highest, and wider row spacings giving lower yields. The row spacing effect was large during establishment year, and gradually diminished over successive growing seasons. Considering seeding rate and row spacing, the combination of 22.5 kg·ha~(-1) seeding rate and 15 cm row spacing resulted in the highest total yield over three years. Seeding rate and row spacing significantly affected the number of branches per m~(-2) and branch weight. With increase in seeding rate and decrease of between-row spacing, the number of branches per m~(-2) increased while the weight of branches decreased. There was a significant positive correlation between crop yield and number of branches per m~(-2), and a significant negative correlation between crop yield and branch weight. With increase in seeding rate and decrease in row spacing, crude protein and relative feed value increased, but neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber levels decreased. The highest feed quality value was obtained with 22.5 kg·ha~(-1) seeding rate and 15 cm row spacing. Based on both yield and feed quality data, the optimal planting regime at this site was 22.5 kg·ha~(-1) seeding rate and 15 cm row spacing. In conclusion, it is recommended to plant saline-tolerant alfalfa varieties at a seeding rate of 22.5 kg·ha~(-1) and a row spacing of 15 cm in saline-alkali land of Shandong province and Huang-Huai-Hai areas. The effects of seeding rate and row spacing on yield diminished in successive growing seasons. Optimal seeding rate and row spacing is helpful to improve the yield and quality of alfalfa crops.
Appropriate seeding rate and row spacing are essential for optimizing alfalfa hay yield and quality. This paper reports a field experiment conducted from 2015 to 2017 to study the effects of seeding rate and row spacing on alfalfa hay yield, quality and other traits at the Dongying Academy of Agricultural Sciences experimental base, in the Huang-Huai-Hai area of Shandong Province. The Medicago sativa cultivar used was Zhongmu No.3. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Each replicate had 9 treatment combinations. Treatments were arranged as 3×3 factorial combination of three seeding rates(7.5, 15.0 and 22.5 kg·ha~(-1)) and three row spacings(15, 30 and 40 cm). Individual plot size was 5 m by 6 m, with 1.0 m spacing between the adjacent plots. This study was designed to determine the optimum seeding rate and row spacing when cropping alfalfa on saline-alkali land. It was found that seeding rate had significant effects on the yields in the establishment year but no significant effects on total yields over three years. Yield increased with seeding rate and the highest total yield was obtained at the seeding rate of 22.5 kg·ha~(-1). There were significant differences for three years yields among row spacing treatments, with the total yield of the 15 cm row spacing treatment being the highest, and wider row spacings giving lower yields. The row spacing effect was large during establishment year, and gradually diminished over successive growing seasons. Considering seeding rate and row spacing, the combination of 22.5 kg·ha~(-1) seeding rate and 15 cm row spacing resulted in the highest total yield over three years. Seeding rate and row spacing significantly affected the number of branches per m~(-2) and branch weight. With increase in seeding rate and decrease of between-row spacing, the number of branches per m~(-2) increased while the weight of branches decreased. There was a significant positive correlation between crop yield and number of branches per m~(-2), and a significant negative correlation between crop yield and branch weight. With increase in seeding rate and decrease in row spacing, crude protein and relative feed value increased, but neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber levels decreased. The highest feed quality value was obtained with 22.5 kg·ha~(-1) seeding rate and 15 cm row spacing. Based on both yield and feed quality data, the optimal planting regime at this site was 22.5 kg·ha~(-1) seeding rate and 15 cm row spacing. In conclusion, it is recommended to plant saline-tolerant alfalfa varieties at a seeding rate of 22.5 kg·ha~(-1) and a row spacing of 15 cm in saline-alkali land of Shandong province and Huang-Huai-Hai areas. The effects of seeding rate and row spacing on yield diminished in successive growing seasons. Optimal seeding rate and row spacing is helpful to improve the yield and quality of alfalfa crops.
引文
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[2]Avci M A, Ozkose A, Tamkoc A. Determination of yield and quality characteristics of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) varieties grown in different locations. Journal of Animal & Veterinary Avdvances, 2013, 12(4): 487-490.
[3]Zhang L Q, Wei X R, Hao M D, et al. Changes in aggregate-associaged organic carbon and nitrogen after 27 years of fertilization in a drylangd alfalfa grassland on the Loess Plateau of China. Journal of Arid Land, 2015, 7(4): 429-437.
[4]Wang Y, Zhao H L, Pan C C. Effect of land use change on soil physical and chemical properties of salinization farmland. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2014, 28(2): 149-155.王燕, 赵哈林, 潘成臣. 土地利用方式对盐渍化农田土壤理化特性的影响. 干旱区资源与环境, 2014, 28(2): 149-155.
[5]Shomar B, El-Madhoun F, Yahya A. Waste water reuse for alfalfa prodection in the gaza strip. Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 2010, 213(1/2/3/4): 105-119.
[6]Liu L P, Hu H H, Li R Q, et al. Effects of spacing pattern and plangting density on population quality and grain yield of a winter wheat cultivar Henong 822. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2008, 23(2): 125-131.刘丽平, 胡焕焕, 李瑞奇, 等. 行距配置和密度对冬小麦品种河农822群体质量及产量的影响. 华北农学报, 2008, 23(2): 125-131.
[7]Dong Z, Shen X Y. Overall review of crop cutivarion. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 2000.董钻, 沈秀瑛. 作物栽培学总论. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.
[8]Du H Q, Niu Y C, Zhao X L, et al. Sowing density effects on the major characteristics of alfalfa. Pratacultural Science, 2004, 21(3): 42-45.杜汉强, 牛一川, 赵晓玲, 等. 不同播种密度对紫花苜蓿主要性状的影响. 草业科学, 2004, 21(3): 42-45.
[9]Yu Y C, Zhao Y H, Guo H J, et al. Effects of alfalfa sowing quantity in autumn on fresh yield in the second year. Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici, 2007, 28(5): 86-88.余有成, 赵永宏, 郭海俊, 等. 播种量对秋播苜蓿越年草产量的影响. 家畜生态学报, 2007, 28(5): 86-88.
[10]Wang Y, Duan X Y, Zhang S C, et al. Influence of planting density on grass yield and other biological properties of Medicago sativa. Pratacultural Science, 2011, 28(7): 1400-1402.王莹, 段学义, 张胜昌, 等. 紫花苜蓿播种密度对草产量及其他生物学性状的影响. 草业科学, 2011, 28(7): 1400-1402.
[11]Miao J S, Jia C L, Yang Q L, et al. Effects of quantities of seeds sowed in salina on the growth and yields of alfalfa. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2009, 24: 309-311. 苗锦山, 贾春林, 杨秋玲, 等. 不同播种量对盐碱地紫花苜蓿生育和产量的影响. 华北农学报, 2009, 24: 309-311.
[12]Zhang H H, Zhang X Z, Lan J Y, et al. Effect of sowing rate on biological characteristics and yield of Medicago sativa. Grass-feeding Livestock, 2016, 3: 49-52. 张荟荟, 张学洲, 兰吉勇, 等. 播种量对紫花苜蓿生物学特性及产草量的影响. 草食家畜, 2016, 3: 49-52.
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