挤压油膜阻尼器非线性振动机理及结构创新综述
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摘要
针对带有挤压油膜阻尼器(SFD)的转子系统在恶劣工况下出现的非线性振动问题,阐述了挤压油膜阻尼器的锁死、双稳态响应及非协调进动等因素,导致减振失效的一系列非线性振动现象,归纳了其发生的原因;对通过优化系统参数来改善其工作特性的思路进行了阐述,指出了挤压油膜阻尼器技术今后的改进方向;重点介绍了一种新型的整体式挤压油膜阻尼器(ISFD)结构,对其提高稳定性的机理进行了分析,列举了其在工程上的应用实例。研究结果表明:与传统的挤压油膜阻尼器相比,整体式挤压油膜阻尼器具有良好的动力特性,能显著提高转子系统的稳定性,有效避免非线性振动的发生。
Aiming at the nonlinear vibration questions appeared in these rotor systems with squeeze film damper( SFD) under some bad conditions,some nonlinear vibration phenomena such as lock up,bistable response and nonsynchronous motion which cause the failure of SFD were introduced,and their causes were summarized in this paper,the means to improve the performance of SFD by optimizing the system parameters were discussed,and the improve directions of SFD in the future were suggested. A novel structure of SFD called integral squeeze film damper( ISFD) was particularly introduced and its stability improvement mechanism was analyzed,and the engineering application examples were given. The results indicate that compared to the traditional squeeze film damper,the integral squeeze film damper has excellent dynamic characteristics,which can significantly improve the stability of the rotor system and effectively avoid the occurrence of nonlinear vibration problems.
Aiming at the nonlinear vibration questions appeared in these rotor systems with squeeze film damper( SFD) under some bad conditions,some nonlinear vibration phenomena such as lock up,bistable response and nonsynchronous motion which cause the failure of SFD were introduced,and their causes were summarized in this paper,the means to improve the performance of SFD by optimizing the system parameters were discussed,and the improve directions of SFD in the future were suggested. A novel structure of SFD called integral squeeze film damper( ISFD) was particularly introduced and its stability improvement mechanism was analyzed,and the engineering application examples were given. The results indicate that compared to the traditional squeeze film damper,the integral squeeze film damper has excellent dynamic characteristics,which can significantly improve the stability of the rotor system and effectively avoid the occurrence of nonlinear vibration problems.
引文
[1] 徐敏.机动飞行条件下带挤压油膜阻尼器转子系统的振动特性研究[D].西安:西北工业大学动力与能源学院,2003.
[2] 陈利,陈娇红,孙敏.挤压油膜阻尼器在旋转机械中的减振研究[J].东方电气评论,2012,26(4):19-24.
[3] 刘方杰.挤压油膜阻尼器失效分析方法[J].北京航空航天大学学报,1998,24(5):39-43.
[4] 顾家柳.转子动力学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1985
[5] LI X, TAYLOR D L. Nonsynchronous motion of squeeze film damper systems[J]. Journal of Tribology, 1987, 109(1):169-176.
[6] INAYAT-HUSSAIN J I, MUREITHI N W. Transitions to chaos in squeeze-film dampers[J]. Communications in Nonlinear Science & Numerical Simulation, 2006, 11(6):721-744.
[7] CUNNINGHAM R E, FLEMING D P, GUNTER E J. Design of a squeeze-film damper for a multi-mass flexible rotor[J]. Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1975, 97(4):96-96.
[8] 李其汉,赵福安,张世平.带弹性阻尼支承的转子系统丢失叶片瞬态响应试验研究[J].航空动力学报,1992,7(2):103-107.
[9] 刘方杰.挤压油膜阻尼器失效的判据[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2000,26(2):167-170.
[10] 刘方杰,陈照波.挤压油膜阻尼器失效问题的实验研究[J].强度与环境,1998(4):17-23.
[11] 王屏,刘方杰.挤压油膜阻尼器失效边界探索[J].强度与环境,1998(3):28-34.
[12] 刘方杰.挤压油膜阻尼器失效问题分析[J].北京航空航天大学学报,1998,24(3):295-300.
[13] 刘展翅,廖明夫,丛佩红,等.静偏心对挤压油膜阻尼器减振特性影响实验研究[J].推进技术,2016,37(8):1560-1568.
[14] COOPER S. Preliminary investigation of oil films for the control of vibration [M]. London: Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1963.
[15] MOHAN S, HAHN E J. Design of squeeze film damper supports for rigid rotors[J]. Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1974, 96(3):976.
[16] GUNTER E J, BARRETT L E, ALLAIRE P E. Design of nonlinear squeeze-film dampers for aircraft engines [J]. Journal of Tribology, 1977, 99(1):57-64.
[17] 孟光,薛中擎.带定心弹簧的柔性转子-挤压油膜减振轴承系统的双稳态现象的非线性特性分析[J].西北工业大学学报,1985,3(3):371-384.
[18] VANCE J, ZEIDAN F, MURPHY B. Machinery vibration and rotordynamics[M]. NewJersey: John Wiley &Sons, 2010.
[19] 陈会征.挤压油膜阻尼器-滚动轴承-转子系统非线性动力学研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学航天学院,2017.
[20] 焦映厚,陈照波,夏松波,等.非线性挤压油膜阻尼器-转子系统周期解的分叉及稳定性分析[J].机械科学与技术,2004,23(7):879-882.
[21] BOTMAN M. Experiments on oil-film dampers for turbomachinery[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power, 1976, 98(3):83-83.
[22] ZHAO J Y, HAHN E J. Subharmonic, quasi-periodic and chaotic motions of a rigid rotor supported by an eccentric squeeze film damper [J]. Archive Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 1993, 207(63):383-392.
[23] 陈照波,焦映厚.非线性挤压油膜阻尼器转子系统的非协调运动分析[J].中国机械工程,2002,13(9):774-776.
[24] 周海仑,冯国全,张明,等.挤压油膜阻尼器油膜阻尼系数识别及分析[J].中国机械工程,2016,27(15):2015-2020.
[25] HOLMES R. The non-linear performance of squeeze-film bearings[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 1972, 14(1):74-77.
[26] 徐建康,陈松淇.刚性转子-挤压油膜阻尼器支承系统的不平衡响应[J].西北工业大学学报,1987(1):117-127.
[27] 金涛,汪希宣.带挤压油膜阻尼器的刚性转子的双稳态分析[J].云南工学院学报,1991,7(1):9-15.
[28] 金涛,汪希宣.刚性转子-SFD系统双稳态响应的非线性分析[J].云南工学院学报,1992,8(4):48-52.
[29] 王俊,马梁,张俊红,等.SFD作用下故障转子系统动力学特性及混沌控制[J].振动、测试与诊断,2016,36(3):541-548.
[30] 晏砺堂,张世平,李其汉,等.带挤压油膜阻尼器刚性转子的双稳态特性[J].航空动力学报,1988,3(2):109-112.
[31] 赵项伟,罗贵火,王飞.静偏心对挤压油膜阻尼器减振特性影响的数值分析[J].航空发动机,2018,44(3):42-48.
[32] 刘展翅,廖明夫,丛佩红,等.静偏心对挤压油膜阻尼器转子抗振性能的影响及控制方法[J].机械与电子,2016,34(5):49-54.
[33] SIMANDIRI S, HAHN E J. Effect of pressurization on the vibration isolation capability of squeeze film bearings[J]. Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1976(98): 109-117.
[34] 周海仑,张明,成晓鸣,等.供油条件对挤压油膜阻尼器等效阻及周向位置阻尼的影响[J].机械工程学报,2018,54(6):215-223.
[35] TICHY J. Behavior of a squeeze film damper with an electrorheological fluid[J]. ASLE Transactions, 1993, 36(1):127-133.
[36] 姚国治,邱阳,方同,等.多层挤压型电流变阻尼器在转子振动控制中的实验研究[J].航空学报,1998,19(5):59-63.
[37] 祝长生.磁流变流体挤压油膜阻尼器柔性转子系统动力特性的试验研究[J].功能材料,2006,37(5):750-753.
[38] 祝长生,汪希萱.结构参数可控的挤压油膜阻尼器对柔性转子振动的控制[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,1994,28(6):613-621.
[39] 骆志明,冯庚斌,任兴民,等.可控挤压油膜阻尼器-转子系统主动控制试验[J].振动:测试与诊断,1999(4):343-346.
[40] 祝长生,汪希萱.新型动静压挤压油膜阻尼器减振特性的实验研究[J].振动工程学报,1995,8(3):281-285.
[41] EL-SHAFEI A. Experimental and analytical investigation of hybrid squeeze film dampers[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power, 1993, 115(2): 353.
[42] EL-SHAFEI A. Active control algorithms for the control of rotor vibrations using hybrid squeeze film dampers [J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power, 2002, 124(3): 598-607.
[43] 黄文超.基于弹性阻尼支撑的转子系统振动控制及管道阻尼减振技术研究[D].北京:北京化工大学机电工程学院,2016.
[44] TAYLOR D L, FEHR V S. Analysis and design of segmented dampers for rotor dynamic control[J]. Journal of Tribology, 1982, 104(1):84-90.
[45] 晏砺堂.航空燃气轮机振动和减振[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1991.
[46] ERTAS B , CERNY V , KIM J , et al. Stabilizing a 46□MW multistage utility steam turbine using integral squeeze film bearing support dampers[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power, 2014, 137(5): 052506-1-11.
[47] ZEIDAN F Y, ANDRES L S, VANCE J M. Design and application of squeeze film dampers in rotating machinery [C].Proceedings of the 25th Turbomachinery symposium, Turbomachinery Laboratory, Texas: Texas A&M University,1996.
[48] ANDRéS L S, SANTIAGO O D. Imbalance response of a rotor supported on flexure pivot tilting pad journal bearings in series with integral squeeze film dampers [J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2003(125):1026-1032.
[49] SANTIAGO O D, ANDRES L S, OLIVERAS J. Imbalance response of a rotor supported on open-ends integral squeeze film dampers[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power, 1999, 121(4):718-724.
[50] SANTIAGO D O, ANDRES L S. Imbalance response and damping force coefficients of a rotor supported on end sealed integral squeeze film dampers [C].International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition, Indianapolis: ASME ,1999.
[51] SANTIAGO D O, ANDRES L S. Dynamic response of a rotor-integral squeeze film damper to couple imbalances [C].Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, Munich: ASME ,2000.
[52] DELGADO A, VANNINI G, ERTAS B, et al. Identification and prediction of force coefficients in a five-pad and four-pad tilting pad bearing for load-on-pad and load-between-pad configurations[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2011, 133(9): 092503-1-9.
[53] ERTAS B, DELGADO A, MOORE J. Dynamic characterization of an integral squeeze film bearing support damper for a supercrtical co2 expander [C]. ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition, Charlotte: ASME,2017.
[54] 路凯华,何立东,张俎琛.基于ISFD弹性阻尼支撑的齿轮轴系减振实验研究[J].北京化工大学学报:自然科学版,2017,44(1):85-90.
[55] LU K, HE L, ZHANG Y. Experimental study on vibration reduction characteristics of gear shafts based on isfd installation position[J]. Shock and Vibration,2017(6):1-10.
[2] 陈利,陈娇红,孙敏.挤压油膜阻尼器在旋转机械中的减振研究[J].东方电气评论,2012,26(4):19-24.
[3] 刘方杰.挤压油膜阻尼器失效分析方法[J].北京航空航天大学学报,1998,24(5):39-43.
[4] 顾家柳.转子动力学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1985
[5] LI X, TAYLOR D L. Nonsynchronous motion of squeeze film damper systems[J]. Journal of Tribology, 1987, 109(1):169-176.
[6] INAYAT-HUSSAIN J I, MUREITHI N W. Transitions to chaos in squeeze-film dampers[J]. Communications in Nonlinear Science & Numerical Simulation, 2006, 11(6):721-744.
[7] CUNNINGHAM R E, FLEMING D P, GUNTER E J. Design of a squeeze-film damper for a multi-mass flexible rotor[J]. Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1975, 97(4):96-96.
[8] 李其汉,赵福安,张世平.带弹性阻尼支承的转子系统丢失叶片瞬态响应试验研究[J].航空动力学报,1992,7(2):103-107.
[9] 刘方杰.挤压油膜阻尼器失效的判据[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2000,26(2):167-170.
[10] 刘方杰,陈照波.挤压油膜阻尼器失效问题的实验研究[J].强度与环境,1998(4):17-23.
[11] 王屏,刘方杰.挤压油膜阻尼器失效边界探索[J].强度与环境,1998(3):28-34.
[12] 刘方杰.挤压油膜阻尼器失效问题分析[J].北京航空航天大学学报,1998,24(3):295-300.
[13] 刘展翅,廖明夫,丛佩红,等.静偏心对挤压油膜阻尼器减振特性影响实验研究[J].推进技术,2016,37(8):1560-1568.
[14] COOPER S. Preliminary investigation of oil films for the control of vibration [M]. London: Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 1963.
[15] MOHAN S, HAHN E J. Design of squeeze film damper supports for rigid rotors[J]. Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1974, 96(3):976.
[16] GUNTER E J, BARRETT L E, ALLAIRE P E. Design of nonlinear squeeze-film dampers for aircraft engines [J]. Journal of Tribology, 1977, 99(1):57-64.
[17] 孟光,薛中擎.带定心弹簧的柔性转子-挤压油膜减振轴承系统的双稳态现象的非线性特性分析[J].西北工业大学学报,1985,3(3):371-384.
[18] VANCE J, ZEIDAN F, MURPHY B. Machinery vibration and rotordynamics[M]. NewJersey: John Wiley &Sons, 2010.
[19] 陈会征.挤压油膜阻尼器-滚动轴承-转子系统非线性动力学研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学航天学院,2017.
[20] 焦映厚,陈照波,夏松波,等.非线性挤压油膜阻尼器-转子系统周期解的分叉及稳定性分析[J].机械科学与技术,2004,23(7):879-882.
[21] BOTMAN M. Experiments on oil-film dampers for turbomachinery[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power, 1976, 98(3):83-83.
[22] ZHAO J Y, HAHN E J. Subharmonic, quasi-periodic and chaotic motions of a rigid rotor supported by an eccentric squeeze film damper [J]. Archive Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 1993, 207(63):383-392.
[23] 陈照波,焦映厚.非线性挤压油膜阻尼器转子系统的非协调运动分析[J].中国机械工程,2002,13(9):774-776.
[24] 周海仑,冯国全,张明,等.挤压油膜阻尼器油膜阻尼系数识别及分析[J].中国机械工程,2016,27(15):2015-2020.
[25] HOLMES R. The non-linear performance of squeeze-film bearings[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 1972, 14(1):74-77.
[26] 徐建康,陈松淇.刚性转子-挤压油膜阻尼器支承系统的不平衡响应[J].西北工业大学学报,1987(1):117-127.
[27] 金涛,汪希宣.带挤压油膜阻尼器的刚性转子的双稳态分析[J].云南工学院学报,1991,7(1):9-15.
[28] 金涛,汪希宣.刚性转子-SFD系统双稳态响应的非线性分析[J].云南工学院学报,1992,8(4):48-52.
[29] 王俊,马梁,张俊红,等.SFD作用下故障转子系统动力学特性及混沌控制[J].振动、测试与诊断,2016,36(3):541-548.
[30] 晏砺堂,张世平,李其汉,等.带挤压油膜阻尼器刚性转子的双稳态特性[J].航空动力学报,1988,3(2):109-112.
[31] 赵项伟,罗贵火,王飞.静偏心对挤压油膜阻尼器减振特性影响的数值分析[J].航空发动机,2018,44(3):42-48.
[32] 刘展翅,廖明夫,丛佩红,等.静偏心对挤压油膜阻尼器转子抗振性能的影响及控制方法[J].机械与电子,2016,34(5):49-54.
[33] SIMANDIRI S, HAHN E J. Effect of pressurization on the vibration isolation capability of squeeze film bearings[J]. Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1976(98): 109-117.
[34] 周海仑,张明,成晓鸣,等.供油条件对挤压油膜阻尼器等效阻及周向位置阻尼的影响[J].机械工程学报,2018,54(6):215-223.
[35] TICHY J. Behavior of a squeeze film damper with an electrorheological fluid[J]. ASLE Transactions, 1993, 36(1):127-133.
[36] 姚国治,邱阳,方同,等.多层挤压型电流变阻尼器在转子振动控制中的实验研究[J].航空学报,1998,19(5):59-63.
[37] 祝长生.磁流变流体挤压油膜阻尼器柔性转子系统动力特性的试验研究[J].功能材料,2006,37(5):750-753.
[38] 祝长生,汪希萱.结构参数可控的挤压油膜阻尼器对柔性转子振动的控制[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,1994,28(6):613-621.
[39] 骆志明,冯庚斌,任兴民,等.可控挤压油膜阻尼器-转子系统主动控制试验[J].振动:测试与诊断,1999(4):343-346.
[40] 祝长生,汪希萱.新型动静压挤压油膜阻尼器减振特性的实验研究[J].振动工程学报,1995,8(3):281-285.
[41] EL-SHAFEI A. Experimental and analytical investigation of hybrid squeeze film dampers[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power, 1993, 115(2): 353.
[42] EL-SHAFEI A. Active control algorithms for the control of rotor vibrations using hybrid squeeze film dampers [J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power, 2002, 124(3): 598-607.
[43] 黄文超.基于弹性阻尼支撑的转子系统振动控制及管道阻尼减振技术研究[D].北京:北京化工大学机电工程学院,2016.
[44] TAYLOR D L, FEHR V S. Analysis and design of segmented dampers for rotor dynamic control[J]. Journal of Tribology, 1982, 104(1):84-90.
[45] 晏砺堂.航空燃气轮机振动和减振[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1991.
[46] ERTAS B , CERNY V , KIM J , et al. Stabilizing a 46□MW multistage utility steam turbine using integral squeeze film bearing support dampers[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power, 2014, 137(5): 052506-1-11.
[47] ZEIDAN F Y, ANDRES L S, VANCE J M. Design and application of squeeze film dampers in rotating machinery [C].Proceedings of the 25th Turbomachinery symposium, Turbomachinery Laboratory, Texas: Texas A&M University,1996.
[48] ANDRéS L S, SANTIAGO O D. Imbalance response of a rotor supported on flexure pivot tilting pad journal bearings in series with integral squeeze film dampers [J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2003(125):1026-1032.
[49] SANTIAGO O D, ANDRES L S, OLIVERAS J. Imbalance response of a rotor supported on open-ends integral squeeze film dampers[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power, 1999, 121(4):718-724.
[50] SANTIAGO D O, ANDRES L S. Imbalance response and damping force coefficients of a rotor supported on end sealed integral squeeze film dampers [C].International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition, Indianapolis: ASME ,1999.
[51] SANTIAGO D O, ANDRES L S. Dynamic response of a rotor-integral squeeze film damper to couple imbalances [C].Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, Munich: ASME ,2000.
[52] DELGADO A, VANNINI G, ERTAS B, et al. Identification and prediction of force coefficients in a five-pad and four-pad tilting pad bearing for load-on-pad and load-between-pad configurations[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2011, 133(9): 092503-1-9.
[53] ERTAS B, DELGADO A, MOORE J. Dynamic characterization of an integral squeeze film bearing support damper for a supercrtical co2 expander [C]. ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition, Charlotte: ASME,2017.
[54] 路凯华,何立东,张俎琛.基于ISFD弹性阻尼支撑的齿轮轴系减振实验研究[J].北京化工大学学报:自然科学版,2017,44(1):85-90.
[55] LU K, HE L, ZHANG Y. Experimental study on vibration reduction characteristics of gear shafts based on isfd installation position[J]. Shock and Vibration,2017(6):1-10.