巢湖水域四溴双酚A的多介质迁移与归趋模拟
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摘要
运用Ⅲ级逸度模型,模拟并研究了不同水动力条件下四溴双酚A(TBBPA)在巢湖水-沉积物系统中各环境相的浓度、储量以及相间的迁移通量.结果表明:TBBPA在水相、再悬浮颗粒相和沉积物相中的模拟计算浓度与实测平均浓度吻合度较高,验证了模型的有效性,并通过灵敏度分析探讨了模拟关键参数.当系统达到平衡时,沉积物是TBBPA最大的储库(占系统总储量86%以上).同时,由于较强的水动力条件会改变系统再悬浮特征以及降解半衰期等关键参数,进而降低了各环境相中TBBPA的浓度值,增加了水相和再悬浮颗粒相中的储量比例,并增加了水体-再悬浮颗粒、沉积物-再悬浮颗粒的相间交换通量.此外,TBBPA在巢湖水-沉积物系统中损失的主要途径为沉积物相的降解(占入湖总量87%以上).
A multimedia fugacity model(Level III) was applied to simulate the concentration distribution, quantity distribution, and transfer fluxes of tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) in four environmental compartments in Lake Chaohu under different hydrodynamic conditions. The results showed that the simulated concentration(water, suspended particulate matter(SPM) and sediment) can fit the observed concentration well, which indicated the effectiveness of the model. Moreover, the key model parameters were identified using sensitivity analysis method. When water-sediment system reached equilibrium, TBBPA was mainly stored in sediment(accounts for over 86% of TBBPA input). Meanwhile, the resuspension characteristics and TBBPA degradation were influenced by hydrodynamic disturbance, which reduced the TBBPA concentration significantly in each environmental compartment and increased the quantity distribution in water and SPM and the transfer fluxes(water-SPM and sediment-SPM). The TBBPA degradation in sediment was the major route in water-sediment system(over 87% of the total TBBPA).
A multimedia fugacity model(Level III) was applied to simulate the concentration distribution, quantity distribution, and transfer fluxes of tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) in four environmental compartments in Lake Chaohu under different hydrodynamic conditions. The results showed that the simulated concentration(water, suspended particulate matter(SPM) and sediment) can fit the observed concentration well, which indicated the effectiveness of the model. Moreover, the key model parameters were identified using sensitivity analysis method. When water-sediment system reached equilibrium, TBBPA was mainly stored in sediment(accounts for over 86% of TBBPA input). Meanwhile, the resuspension characteristics and TBBPA degradation were influenced by hydrodynamic disturbance, which reduced the TBBPA concentration significantly in each environmental compartment and increased the quantity distribution in water and SPM and the transfer fluxes(water-SPM and sediment-SPM). The TBBPA degradation in sediment was the major route in water-sediment system(over 87% of the total TBBPA).
引文
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[27]Qin B Q,Hu W P,Gao G,et al.Dynamics of sediment resuspension and the conceptual schema of nutrient release in the large shallow Lake Taihu,China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2004,49(1):54-64.
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[31]刘亚莉,王继忠,彭书传,等.模拟巢湖流域氯菊酯的迁移转化和生态风险[J].环境科学,2016,37(12):4644-4650.Liu Y L,Wang J Z,Peng S C,et al.Modeling the environmental behaviors and ecological risks of permethrin in Chaohu Lake[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(12):4644-4650.
[32]Cheng H M,Hua Z L.Distribution,release and removal behaviors of tetrabromobisphenol A in water-sediment systems under prolonged hydrodynamic disturbances[J].The Science of the total environment,2018,636:402-410.
[33]汪祖丞,刘敏,杨毅,等.上海城区多环芳烃的多介质归趋模拟研究[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(6):984-990.Wang Z C,Liu M,Yang Y,et al.Simulation of multimedia fate of PAHs in Shanghai City[J].China Environmental Science,2011,31(6):984-990.
[34]Fan C X,Zhang L,Qin B Q,et al.Estimation on dynamic release of phosphorus from wind-induced suspended particulate matter in Lake Taihu[J].Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences,2004,47(8):710-719.
[2]M?kinen M S,M?kinen M R,Koistinen J T,et al.Respiratory and dermal exposure to organophosphorus flame retardants and tetrabromobisphenol A at five work environments[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(3):941-947.
[3]Li F J,Wang J J,Jiang B Q,et al.Fate of tetrabromobisphenol a(tbbpa)and formation of ester-and ether-linked bound residues in an oxic sandy soil[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,49(21):12758-12765.
[4]Liu K,Li J,Yan S J,et al.A review of status of tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)in China[J].Chemosphere,2016,148:8-20.
[5]Shi Z X,Wu Y N,Li J G,et al.Dietary exposure assessment of chinese adults and nursing infants to tetrabromobisphenol-A and hexabromocyclododecanes:occurrence measurements in foods and human milk[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(12):4314-4319.
[6]Jagnytsch O,Opitz R,Lutz I,et al.Effects of tetrabromobisphenol Aon larval development and thyroid hormone-regulated biomarkers of the amphibian Xenopus laevis[J].Environmental Research,2006,101(3):340-348.
[7]Darnerud P O.Toxic effects of brominated flame retardants in man and in wildlife[J].Environment International,2003,29(6):841-853.
[8]Shi H,Wang X,Luo Y,et al.Electron paramagnetic resonance evidence of hydroxyl radical generation and oxidative damage induced by tetrabromobisphenol A in Carassius auratus[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2005,74(4):365-371.
[9]WHO/ICPS.Environmental Health Criteria 172.Tetrabromobisphenol A and derivatives[R].World Health Organization,World Health Organization,Geneva,Switzerland,1995.
[10]De Wit C A.An overview of brominated flame retardants in the environment[J].Chemosphere,2002,46(5):583-624.
[11]Harrad S,Abdallah A E,Rose N L,et al.Current-use brominated flame retardants in water,sediment,and fish from english lakes[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(24):9077-9083.
[12]Gu S Y,Ekpeghere K I,Kim H Y,et al.Brominated flame retardants in marine environment focused on aquaculture area:Occurrence,source and bioaccumulation[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,601:1182-1191.
[13]He M J,Luo X J,Yu L H,et al.Diasteroisomer and enantiomerspecific profiles of hexabromocyclododecane and tetrabromobisphenol A in an aquatic environment in a highly industrialized area,south china:vertical profile,phase partition,and bioaccumulation[J].Environmental Pollution,2013,179(8):105-110.
[14]Yang S,Wang S,Liu H,et al.Tetrabromobisphenol A:tissue distribution in fish,and seasonal variation in water and sediment of Lake Chaohu,China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2012,19(9):4090-4096.
[15]Zhu Z C,Chen S J,Zheng J,et al.Occurrence of brominated flame retardants(BFRs),organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)in agricultural soils in a BFR-manufacturing region of North China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,481:47-54.
[16]Malkoske T,Tang Y L,Xu W Y,et al.A review of the environmental distribution,fate,and control of tetrabromobisphenol A released from sources[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,569:1608-1617.
[17]Mackay D.Multimedia environmental models:the fugacity approach[M].Crc Press,2001.
[18]Lu Q,Johnson Andrew C,Jürgens Monika D,et al.The distribution of Polychlorinated Biphenyls(PCBs)in the River Thames Catchment under the scenarios of climate change[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,533:187-195.
[19]张晓涛,陆愈实,杨丹.福建泉州湾有机氯农药的多介质迁移与归趋[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(7):2146-2153.Zhang X T,Lu Y S,Yang D.Simulating the transfer and fate of OCPs in Quanzhou Bay[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(7):2146-2153.
[20]田慧,郭强,毛潇萱,等.广州地区典型多溴联苯醚迁移和归趋行为模拟[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(3):758-765.Tian H,Guo Q,Miao X X,et al.Simulating the transfer and fate of typical PBDEs in Guangzhou[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(3):758-765.
[21]Eggleton J,Thomas K V.A review of factors affecting the release and bioavailability of contaminants during sediment disturbance events[J].Environment International,2004,30(7):973-980.
[22]Cheng H M,Hua Z L.Effects of hydrodynamic disturbances and resuspension characteristics on the release of tetrabromobisphenol Afrom sediment[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,219:785-793.
[23]Zheng S S,Wang P F,Wang C,et al.Distribution of metals in water and suspended particulate matter during the resuspension processes in Taihu Lake sediment,China[J].Quaternary International,2013,286(3):94-102.
[24]Li Y,Wang C,Zhang W L,et al.Modeling the effects of hydrodynamic regimes on microbial communities within fluvial biofilms:combining deterministic and stochastic processes[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,49(21):12869-12878.
[25]Besemer K,Singer G,H?dl I,et al.Bacterial community composition of stream biofilms in spatially variable-flow environments[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,2009,75(22):7189-7195.
[26]张普青,李玉文,李敬瑶,等.巢湖沉积物及水体中四溴双酚A浓度分布及时空分布特征[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2011,(5):51-55.Zhang P Q,Li Y W,Li J Y,et al.Distribution of tetrabromobisphenol A in sediments and overlying water of Lake Chaohu[J].Lake Inner Mongolia Science Technology&Economy,2011,(5):51-55.
[27]Qin B Q,Hu W P,Gao G,et al.Dynamics of sediment resuspension and the conceptual schema of nutrient release in the large shallow Lake Taihu,China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2004,49(1):54-64.
[28]欧育湘,郎柳春.全球阻燃剂市场分析及预测[J].塑料助剂,2010,(6):1-4.Ou Y X,Lang L C.Analysis and prediction of global flame retardants market[J].Plastics Additives,2010,(6):1-4.
[29]Cousins I T,Staples C A,Klecka G M,et al.A multimedia assessment of the environmental fate of bisphenol A[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,2002,8(5):1107-1135.
[30]陈苑盈,刘青泉.巢湖污染物输运特征及其受风力影响的数值研究[J].中国科学:物理学力学天文学,2015,45(10):104704.Chen Y Y,Liu Q Q.Numerical study on the transport process of Chaohu Lake and its relation with wind[J].Scientia Sinica(Physica,Mechanica&Astronomica),2015,45(10):204704.
[31]刘亚莉,王继忠,彭书传,等.模拟巢湖流域氯菊酯的迁移转化和生态风险[J].环境科学,2016,37(12):4644-4650.Liu Y L,Wang J Z,Peng S C,et al.Modeling the environmental behaviors and ecological risks of permethrin in Chaohu Lake[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(12):4644-4650.
[32]Cheng H M,Hua Z L.Distribution,release and removal behaviors of tetrabromobisphenol A in water-sediment systems under prolonged hydrodynamic disturbances[J].The Science of the total environment,2018,636:402-410.
[33]汪祖丞,刘敏,杨毅,等.上海城区多环芳烃的多介质归趋模拟研究[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(6):984-990.Wang Z C,Liu M,Yang Y,et al.Simulation of multimedia fate of PAHs in Shanghai City[J].China Environmental Science,2011,31(6):984-990.
[34]Fan C X,Zhang L,Qin B Q,et al.Estimation on dynamic release of phosphorus from wind-induced suspended particulate matter in Lake Taihu[J].Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences,2004,47(8):710-719.