巷道含水软岩顶板锚索树脂锚固增效方法
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摘要
针对含水软岩顶板巷道锚索锚固力低下、锚索高强支护难以发挥等问题,以李家壕煤矿含水软岩顶板巷道为工程背景,通过理论分析、数值模拟、实验室试验和现场试验等综合研究方法,提出锚索锚固增效方法,研发一种安装使用方便、结构简单、不影响锚索正常施工的锚固增效装置,揭示锚索锚固增效机制。研究表明:由于巷道顶板深部含水岩层位置与顶板的距离的变化,合理的锚固层位确定存在难度,当锚索锚固到含水松软岩层中,锚固力明显下降,且有达不到锚固要求的较大隐患;锚固增效结构设有搅拌装置和封堵导升装置,可有效提高树脂锚固剂搅拌均匀程度、增加锚固区域锚固药体密实性,进而增加锚固药体的锚固效力。相比无处理的锚索锚固力,现场试验锚索锚固力可增加30%以上,有效促进了顶板形成稳定的锚固结构,顶板变形明显降低,顶板稳定性得以增强。
Aiming at the problem that it is difficult for high strength cable bolts to come into action in roadway roof with water-bearing soft rock and taking Lijiahao coal mine as an example,theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,laboratory experiment and field test were adopted to propose a method for improving the anchorage effect of cable bolts. A new device which is easy to install and simple in structure without affecting the normal installation of cable bolts was developed and the anchorage improving mechanism of the device was revealed. The results indicate that, as the distance between the water-bearing rock stratum and the roof changes,it is difficult to determine the reasonable anchorage position. When cable bolts are anchored in irregular distribution soft rock stratum,the anchoring force significantly declines and may not meet the anchoring requirements. The device including mixing structure and sealing-lifting structure can increase the uniformity and density of the resin grout to improve the anchoring force. The field test demonstrates that the anchoring force can be increased by more than 30% compared with the normal anchored cable bolts. The device can promote the roof to form a stable anchorage structure and hence,reduce the roof deformations obviously and enhance the roof stability.
Aiming at the problem that it is difficult for high strength cable bolts to come into action in roadway roof with water-bearing soft rock and taking Lijiahao coal mine as an example,theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,laboratory experiment and field test were adopted to propose a method for improving the anchorage effect of cable bolts. A new device which is easy to install and simple in structure without affecting the normal installation of cable bolts was developed and the anchorage improving mechanism of the device was revealed. The results indicate that, as the distance between the water-bearing rock stratum and the roof changes,it is difficult to determine the reasonable anchorage position. When cable bolts are anchored in irregular distribution soft rock stratum,the anchoring force significantly declines and may not meet the anchoring requirements. The device including mixing structure and sealing-lifting structure can increase the uniformity and density of the resin grout to improve the anchoring force. The field test demonstrates that the anchoring force can be increased by more than 30% compared with the normal anchored cable bolts. The device can promote the roof to form a stable anchorage structure and hence,reduce the roof deformations obviously and enhance the roof stability.
引文
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[5]赵志强,马念杰,郭晓菲,等.大变形回采巷道蝶叶型冒顶机制与控制[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(12):2 932-2 939.(ZHAO Zhiqiang,MA Nianjie,GUO Xiaofei,et al.Falling principle and support design of butterfly-failure roof in large deformation mining roadways[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(12):2 932-2 939.(in Chinese))
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[7]JIANG L,SAINOKI A,MITRI H S,et al.Influence of fracture-induced weakening on coal mine gateroad stability[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2016,88:307-317.
[8]JIANG L,MITRI H S,MA N,et al.Effect of foundation rigidity on stratified roadway roof stability in underground coal mines[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2016,9(1):1-12.
[9]AZIZ N,CRAIG P,MIRZAGHORBANALI A.Factors Influencing the quality of encapsulation in rock bolting[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2016,49:3 189-3 203.
[10]AZIZ N,HILLYER J,JOYCE D,et al.New approach to resin sample preparation for strength testing[C]//AZIZ N,KINNINMONTH B,eds.Proceedings of the 13rd Underground Coal Operators?Conference.Wollongong:[s.n.],2013:152-155.
[11]AZIZ N,JALALIFAR H,CONCALVES J.Bolt surface configurations and load transfer mechanism[C]//Proceedings of the 7th Underground Coal Operators Conference.Wollongong:[s.n.],2006:236-244.
[12]MA S,AZIZ N,NEMCIK J,et al.The effects of installation procedure on bond characteristics of fully grouted rock bolts[J].Geotechnical Test Journal,2017,40:846-857.
[13]刘少伟,李文彬,张辉.煤矿巷道正楔形锚固孔锚固性能与参数优化研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(1):53-60.(LIU Shaowei,LI Wenbin,ZHANG Hui.Study on anchorage performance and parameters optimization of positive wedge anchorage hole in roadway[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(1):53-60.(in Chinese))
[14]张辉,李国盛,程利兴.软弱煤岩体巷道围岩锚固力衰减特性研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(6):104-108.(ZHANGHui,LI Guosheng,CHENG Lixing.Study on characteristics of anchoring force attenuation in surrounding rock of roadway with soft coal and rock mass[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2017,13(6):104-108.(in Chinese))
[15]张辉,程利兴.松软煤层锚固孔孔底扩孔锚固性能试验研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015,11(10):28-32.(ZHANG Hui,CHENG Lixing.Experimental study on anchorage performance by reaming in bottom of bolt hole for soft coal seam[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2015,11(10):28-32.(in Chinese))
[16]刘少伟,尚鹏翔,张辉,等.煤矿软弱围岩巷道锚杆孔钻扩机制与试验[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1 753-1 760.(LIU Shaowei,SHANG Pengxiang,ZHANG Hui,et al.Reaming mechanism of bolt hole in entry within weak surrounding rock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1 753-1 760.(in Chinese))
[17]ZINGANO A,KOPPE J,COSTA J F,et al.In-situ tests and numerical simulation about the effect of annulus thickness on the resin mixture for fully grouted resin bolt[C]//Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Ground Control in Mining.Morgantown:[s.n.],2008:284-290.
[18]CAMPBELL R,MOULD R,ACGREGOR S.2004.Investigation into the extent and mechanisms of gloving and un-mixed resin fully encapsulated roof bolts[C]//Proceedings of 2003 Coal Operator?s Conference.Wollongong:University of Wollongong,2004:203-214.
[19]ALTOUNYAN P,BUGDEN A,O?CONNOR D,et al.Developments in improving the standard of installation and bond strength of full column resin roof bolts[C]//Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Ground Control in Mining.Morgantown:[s.n.],2003:263-269.
[20]张玉芳,袁坤.双锚固段新型锚索锚固性能研究及工程应用[J].岩土力学,2018,39(增1):461-468.(ZAHNG Yufang,YUAN Kun.Experimental study and application of anchor performance of a new type anchor cable with double anchor[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(Supp.1):461-468.(in Chinese))
[21]袁坤,张玉芳,李健,等.预制内锚头新型锚索锚固性能研究及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(1):77-86.(YUANKun,ZHANG Yufang,LI Jian,et al.Performance and application of anchor with a new pressure-type of anchor cable with precast anchor head[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(1):77-86.(in Chinese))
[22]ROBLER M,ODLER I.Investigations on the relationship between properties of concrete and strength of hydrated Portland cement pastes.II.Effect of pore structure and of degree of hydration[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1985:15(3):401-410.
[23]杨钱荣,朱蓓蓉,杨全兵,等.高频振捣对引气混凝土气泡特征参数的影响[J].建筑材料学报,2007,(3):331-336.(YANG Qianrong,ZHU Beirong,YANG Quanbing,et al.Effects of high-frequency vibration on air void parameters of air-entrained concrete[J].Journal of Building Materials,2007,(3):331-336.(in Chinese))
[24]王凯,虞军.搅拌设备[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:57-74.(WANG Kai,YU Jun.Mixing devices[M].Beijing:Chemistry Industry Press,2003:57-74.(in Chinese))
[25]严红,何富连,段其涛.淋涌水碎裂煤岩顶板煤巷破坏特征及控制对策研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):524-533.(YANHong,HE Fulian,DUAN Qitao.Failure characteristic of coal roadway with water spraying and gushing in fragmentation roof and its control countermeasures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):524-533.(in Chinese))
[26]杨绿刚.防水树脂锚固剂的试验研究[J].煤矿安全,2008,(3):11-13.(YANG Lugang.Experimental study of water proof resin anchorage agent[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2008,(3):11-13.(in Chinese))
[2]何满潮,王炯,孙晓明,等.负泊松比效应锚索的力学特性及其在冲击地压防治中的应用研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):214-221.(HE Manchao,WANG Jiong,SUN Xiaoming,et al.Mechanics characteristics and applications of prevention and control rock bursts of the negative Poisson's ratio effect anchor[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):214-221.(in Chinese))
[3]余伟健,王卫军,黄文忠,等.高应力软岩巷道变形与破坏机制及返修控制技术[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(4):614-623.(YU Weijian,WANG Weijun,HUAGN Wenzhong,et al.Deformation mechanism and rework control technology of high stress and soft rock roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(4):614-623.(in Chinese))
[4]王金华.全煤巷道锚杆锚索联合支护机制与效果分析[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(1):1-7.(WANG Jinhua.Analysis on mechanism and effect of rock bolts and cables in gateroad with coal seam as roof[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(1):1-7.(in Chinese))
[5]赵志强,马念杰,郭晓菲,等.大变形回采巷道蝶叶型冒顶机制与控制[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(12):2 932-2 939.(ZHAO Zhiqiang,MA Nianjie,GUO Xiaofei,et al.Falling principle and support design of butterfly-failure roof in large deformation mining roadways[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(12):2 932-2 939.(in Chinese))
[6]马念杰,冯吉成,吕坤,等.煤巷冒顶成因分类方法及其支护对策研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(6):34-40.(MA Nianjie,FENGJicheng,LYU Kun,et al.Study on cause classification method and support countermeasures of roof falling in coal drift[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(6):34-40.(in Chinese))
[7]JIANG L,SAINOKI A,MITRI H S,et al.Influence of fracture-induced weakening on coal mine gateroad stability[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2016,88:307-317.
[8]JIANG L,MITRI H S,MA N,et al.Effect of foundation rigidity on stratified roadway roof stability in underground coal mines[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2016,9(1):1-12.
[9]AZIZ N,CRAIG P,MIRZAGHORBANALI A.Factors Influencing the quality of encapsulation in rock bolting[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2016,49:3 189-3 203.
[10]AZIZ N,HILLYER J,JOYCE D,et al.New approach to resin sample preparation for strength testing[C]//AZIZ N,KINNINMONTH B,eds.Proceedings of the 13rd Underground Coal Operators?Conference.Wollongong:[s.n.],2013:152-155.
[11]AZIZ N,JALALIFAR H,CONCALVES J.Bolt surface configurations and load transfer mechanism[C]//Proceedings of the 7th Underground Coal Operators Conference.Wollongong:[s.n.],2006:236-244.
[12]MA S,AZIZ N,NEMCIK J,et al.The effects of installation procedure on bond characteristics of fully grouted rock bolts[J].Geotechnical Test Journal,2017,40:846-857.
[13]刘少伟,李文彬,张辉.煤矿巷道正楔形锚固孔锚固性能与参数优化研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(1):53-60.(LIU Shaowei,LI Wenbin,ZHANG Hui.Study on anchorage performance and parameters optimization of positive wedge anchorage hole in roadway[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(1):53-60.(in Chinese))
[14]张辉,李国盛,程利兴.软弱煤岩体巷道围岩锚固力衰减特性研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(6):104-108.(ZHANGHui,LI Guosheng,CHENG Lixing.Study on characteristics of anchoring force attenuation in surrounding rock of roadway with soft coal and rock mass[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2017,13(6):104-108.(in Chinese))
[15]张辉,程利兴.松软煤层锚固孔孔底扩孔锚固性能试验研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2015,11(10):28-32.(ZHANG Hui,CHENG Lixing.Experimental study on anchorage performance by reaming in bottom of bolt hole for soft coal seam[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2015,11(10):28-32.(in Chinese))
[16]刘少伟,尚鹏翔,张辉,等.煤矿软弱围岩巷道锚杆孔钻扩机制与试验[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1 753-1 760.(LIU Shaowei,SHANG Pengxiang,ZHANG Hui,et al.Reaming mechanism of bolt hole in entry within weak surrounding rock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1 753-1 760.(in Chinese))
[17]ZINGANO A,KOPPE J,COSTA J F,et al.In-situ tests and numerical simulation about the effect of annulus thickness on the resin mixture for fully grouted resin bolt[C]//Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Ground Control in Mining.Morgantown:[s.n.],2008:284-290.
[18]CAMPBELL R,MOULD R,ACGREGOR S.2004.Investigation into the extent and mechanisms of gloving and un-mixed resin fully encapsulated roof bolts[C]//Proceedings of 2003 Coal Operator?s Conference.Wollongong:University of Wollongong,2004:203-214.
[19]ALTOUNYAN P,BUGDEN A,O?CONNOR D,et al.Developments in improving the standard of installation and bond strength of full column resin roof bolts[C]//Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Ground Control in Mining.Morgantown:[s.n.],2003:263-269.
[20]张玉芳,袁坤.双锚固段新型锚索锚固性能研究及工程应用[J].岩土力学,2018,39(增1):461-468.(ZAHNG Yufang,YUAN Kun.Experimental study and application of anchor performance of a new type anchor cable with double anchor[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(Supp.1):461-468.(in Chinese))
[21]袁坤,张玉芳,李健,等.预制内锚头新型锚索锚固性能研究及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(1):77-86.(YUANKun,ZHANG Yufang,LI Jian,et al.Performance and application of anchor with a new pressure-type of anchor cable with precast anchor head[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(1):77-86.(in Chinese))
[22]ROBLER M,ODLER I.Investigations on the relationship between properties of concrete and strength of hydrated Portland cement pastes.II.Effect of pore structure and of degree of hydration[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1985:15(3):401-410.
[23]杨钱荣,朱蓓蓉,杨全兵,等.高频振捣对引气混凝土气泡特征参数的影响[J].建筑材料学报,2007,(3):331-336.(YANG Qianrong,ZHU Beirong,YANG Quanbing,et al.Effects of high-frequency vibration on air void parameters of air-entrained concrete[J].Journal of Building Materials,2007,(3):331-336.(in Chinese))
[24]王凯,虞军.搅拌设备[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:57-74.(WANG Kai,YU Jun.Mixing devices[M].Beijing:Chemistry Industry Press,2003:57-74.(in Chinese))
[25]严红,何富连,段其涛.淋涌水碎裂煤岩顶板煤巷破坏特征及控制对策研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):524-533.(YANHong,HE Fulian,DUAN Qitao.Failure characteristic of coal roadway with water spraying and gushing in fragmentation roof and its control countermeasures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):524-533.(in Chinese))
[26]杨绿刚.防水树脂锚固剂的试验研究[J].煤矿安全,2008,(3):11-13.(YANG Lugang.Experimental study of water proof resin anchorage agent[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2008,(3):11-13.(in Chinese))