废脱硫剂在铁矿烧结中的应用
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摘要
钢厂煤气脱硫工序排放的废脱硫剂是一种难以利用的有害固体废弃物,含一定量的铁及较高的钙和硫等元素。对废脱硫剂配入铁矿粉中进行了烧结杯的试验研究,结果表明,当废脱硫剂配比超过0.1%后,随着废脱硫剂配比的升高,烧结矿转鼓强度下降,利用系数下降,烧结烟气中SO_2与NO_x浓度增加,烧结矿的还原度有所下降,但烧结矿的低温还原粉化性能有所改善。烧结矿的矿相研究发现,废脱硫剂配比偏大时,磁铁矿体积分数增大,铁酸钙体积分数减少,并由针状结构向柱状、板状演变,烧结矿的气孔率上升。主要原因在于其粒度偏粗,硫含量高,不利于成矿。当废脱硫剂粒度为-6.3 mm及其配比控制在0.1%时,烧结矿的产量和质量有所改善,烟气中SO_2、NO_x较基准试验变化不大。工业试验表明,在烧结混匀矿中配入废脱硫剂配比小于0.12%时,烧结矿产量和质量没有明显变化,烧结烟气脱硫脱硝效果也没有受到影响。废脱硫剂掺入铁矿中进行烧结是一种资源化利用的有效方法,不仅解决了有害固体废弃物对环境的影响,而且使二次资源得到综合利用。
Waste desulphurization catalyst(WDC)is a kind of solid waste generated from coal gas desulphurization process, which contains a certain amount of iron and a large amount of sulfur and calcium. The sinter experiments of WDC blended into iron ores were carried out. The results show that when the ratio of WDC in blends was over 0.1%, with the increase of the WDC,the sinter tumble index,utilization coefficient and reduction degree were decreased, while the concentrations of SO_2 and NO_x in waste gas were increased, and the low temperature reduction degradation index was improved. Meanwhile, the magnetite mass percent in sinter product was increased, and the mass percent of calcium ferrite was decreased; the morphology changes from needle to columnar and plate shape, and more pores were observed in sinter due to the coarse particles and high sulfur mass percent in WDC. When adding 0.1% WDC with particle size of-6.3 mm, both the yield and quality of sinter are improved; meanwhile, the mass percents of SO_2 and NO_x in the flue gas were slightly changed. The industrial test indicated that with less than 0.12% WDC addition, the quality and yield of sinter are nearly unchanged, and the desulphurization and denitrification of flue gas is hardly affected. Therefore, it is an effective method for resource utilization by adding the WDC into iron ores during sintering process.
Waste desulphurization catalyst(WDC)is a kind of solid waste generated from coal gas desulphurization process, which contains a certain amount of iron and a large amount of sulfur and calcium. The sinter experiments of WDC blended into iron ores were carried out. The results show that when the ratio of WDC in blends was over 0.1%, with the increase of the WDC,the sinter tumble index,utilization coefficient and reduction degree were decreased, while the concentrations of SO_2 and NO_x in waste gas were increased, and the low temperature reduction degradation index was improved. Meanwhile, the magnetite mass percent in sinter product was increased, and the mass percent of calcium ferrite was decreased; the morphology changes from needle to columnar and plate shape, and more pores were observed in sinter due to the coarse particles and high sulfur mass percent in WDC. When adding 0.1% WDC with particle size of-6.3 mm, both the yield and quality of sinter are improved; meanwhile, the mass percents of SO_2 and NO_x in the flue gas were slightly changed. The industrial test indicated that with less than 0.12% WDC addition, the quality and yield of sinter are nearly unchanged, and the desulphurization and denitrification of flue gas is hardly affected. Therefore, it is an effective method for resource utilization by adding the WDC into iron ores during sintering process.
引文
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[11] 梁杰群,潘建,朱德庆,等.某钢铁厂烧结烟气氨法脱硫工艺脱硝效果的评估[J].烧结球团,2016,41(3):52.(Liang J Q,Pan J,Zhu D Q,et al.Denitration effect assessment of ammonia desulfurization process for sintering flue gas in a steel plant[J].Sintering and Pelletizing,2016,41(3):52.)
[12] Pan J,Shi B,Zhu D,et al.Improving sintering performance of specularite concentrates by pre-briquetting process[J].ISIJ International,2016,56(5):984.
[13] Zhu D,Guo Z,Pan J,et al.A study of pre-briquetting granulation sintering of the mixtures with high ratio of Brazilian specularite concentrate[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking,2016,43(10):721.
[2] 凌开成,申峻,严曙明,等.煤气氧化铁废脱硫剂中回收硫的工艺:中国,CN1635057[P].2005-07-06.(Ling K C,Shen J,Yan S M,et al.A Technology of Recovering Sulfur from Waste Desulfurizer of Coal Gas Iron Oxide:China,CN1635057[P].2005-07-06.)
[3] 赵文涛,蒲延芳,吴永涛,等.一种废脱硫剂制备氧化铁红的方法:中国,CN102010014A[P].2011-04-13.(Zhao W T,Pu Y F,Wu Y T,et al.A New Process to Prepare Iron Oxide Red with Waste Desulfurizer:China,CN102010014A[P].2011-04-13.)
[4] 晏乃强,瞿赞,迟遥,等.对废脱硫剂改性制备废气除汞剂的方法:中国,CN101406794[P].2009-04-15.(Yan N Q,Qu Z,Chi Y,et al.Preparation of Waste Gas Mercury Removal Agent by Modification of Waste Desulfurizer:China,CN101406794[P].2009-04-15.)
[5] 杨文刚.废脱硫剂高温焙烧制酸技术的应用[J].燃料与化工,2005,36(1):33.(Yang W G.Application of high temperature roasting technology of waste desulfurizer to make acid[J].Fuel and Chemical Process,2005,36(1):33.)
[6] 黄学能.焦炉煤气净化废脱硫剂送烧结厂处理的试验[J].武钢技术,2014,52(2):30.(Huang X N.A study on sintering of waste desulfurizer[J].Wusteel Technology,2014,52(2):30.)
[7] 傅菊英,姜涛,朱德庆.烧结球团学[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1996.(Fu J Y,Jiang T,Zhu D Q.Sintering and Pelletizing[M].Changsha:Central South University of Technology Press,1996.)
[8] Yang C C,Zhu D Q,Shi B J,et al.Comparison of sintering performance of typical specular hematite ores with distinct size distributions[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research International,2017,24(10):1007.
[9] 刘征建,张建良,安钢,等.基于硫平衡计算的低硫烧结原料控制标准[J].北京科技大学学报,2012,34(10):1108.(Liu Z J,Zhang J L,An G,et al.Control criterion of low-sulfur sintering materials based on sulfur balance calculations[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2012,34(10):1108.)
[10] 潘建,朱德庆,崔瑜,等.铁矿烧结烟气中SO2的排放规律[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42(6):1495.(Pan J,Zhu D Q,Cui Y,et al.Emission rule of SO2 in flue gas during sintering[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2011,42(6):1495.)
[11] 梁杰群,潘建,朱德庆,等.某钢铁厂烧结烟气氨法脱硫工艺脱硝效果的评估[J].烧结球团,2016,41(3):52.(Liang J Q,Pan J,Zhu D Q,et al.Denitration effect assessment of ammonia desulfurization process for sintering flue gas in a steel plant[J].Sintering and Pelletizing,2016,41(3):52.)
[12] Pan J,Shi B,Zhu D,et al.Improving sintering performance of specularite concentrates by pre-briquetting process[J].ISIJ International,2016,56(5):984.
[13] Zhu D,Guo Z,Pan J,et al.A study of pre-briquetting granulation sintering of the mixtures with high ratio of Brazilian specularite concentrate[J].Ironmaking and Steelmaking,2016,43(10):721.