草菇菇渣栽培双孢蘑菇过程中的理化性状和木质纤维素分解利用研究
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摘要
为探究草菇菇渣培养料栽培双孢蘑菇的可行性,通过采集堆肥期和栽培期样品,进行培养料理化性质、木质纤维素含量及相关降解酶酶活、蘑菇生物学效率的测定。以废棉为主的草菇菇渣含氮量在1.8%以上,本试验配方二次发酵结束后含氮量达2.37%;在堆肥阶段,有62.03%的纤维素被利用,39.2%的木质素被利用;在发菌阶段,有29.32%的半纤维素被利用,有21.38%木质素被利用,木聚糖酶活性呈上升趋势,漆酶活性达到最高;在出菇阶段,纤维素、半纤维素、木质素均被部分利用,双孢蘑菇产量为22.48 kg/m2,生物学转化率达51.38%。以草菇菇渣为主要原料生产双孢蘑菇效果良好,相关降解酶活性变化与木质纤维素变化呈正相关。
To explore the feasibility of Agaricus bisporus cultivation with the Volvariella volvacea mushroom residue as the main raw material, the physical and chemical properties, the content of lignocellulose, the activities of related enzymes, and the biological efficiency of mushrooms were studied by collecting samples at the composting stage and cultivation stage. The nitrogen content in the residue of V. volvacea mushroom, which was mainly waste cotton, was over 1.8%. After the second fermentation, the nitrogen content of compost reached to 2.37% in this experimental recipe. At the composting stage, the degradation ratio of cellulose and lignin was 62.03% and 39.2%, respectively. At spawning stage, 29.32% hemicellulose and 21.38% lignin were used. At the same time, the xylanase activity showed an increasing trend, and the laccase activity reached the highest level. At the harvesting stage, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were partially utilized. The yield of A.bisporus was 22.48 kg/m~2, and the biological conversion efficiency was 51.38%. The effect of A. bisporus cultivated with V. volvacea mushroom residue is good, and the change of degradation enzyme activity is positively correlated with the change of lignocellulose.
To explore the feasibility of Agaricus bisporus cultivation with the Volvariella volvacea mushroom residue as the main raw material, the physical and chemical properties, the content of lignocellulose, the activities of related enzymes, and the biological efficiency of mushrooms were studied by collecting samples at the composting stage and cultivation stage. The nitrogen content in the residue of V. volvacea mushroom, which was mainly waste cotton, was over 1.8%. After the second fermentation, the nitrogen content of compost reached to 2.37% in this experimental recipe. At the composting stage, the degradation ratio of cellulose and lignin was 62.03% and 39.2%, respectively. At spawning stage, 29.32% hemicellulose and 21.38% lignin were used. At the same time, the xylanase activity showed an increasing trend, and the laccase activity reached the highest level. At the harvesting stage, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were partially utilized. The yield of A.bisporus was 22.48 kg/m~2, and the biological conversion efficiency was 51.38%. The effect of A. bisporus cultivated with V. volvacea mushroom residue is good, and the change of degradation enzyme activity is positively correlated with the change of lignocellulose.
引文
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[26]王珊珊,孙健,陈青君,等.丁香桑黄胞外漆酶的分离纯化与性质研究[A].第十届全国食用菌学水研讨会会议论文集[C].2014.
[27]黄建春,孙占刚,陈辉,等.荷兰先进双孢蘑菇培养料堆制发酵技术[J].食用菌,2015,37(2):1-3.
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[29]黄建春.中国双孢蘑菇工厂化生产现状与发展的思考[J].食用菌,2012(2):1-3.
[30]秦改娟,王晓,陈青君,等.不同配方培养料生产双孢蘑菇过程中主要木质纤维素降解酶及物料组分的变化[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(6).1035-1041.
[31]Yan S,Wu G.Secretory pathway of celulase:a mini-review[J].Biotechnology for Biofuels,2013,6(1):177.
[2]蒋冬花,郑重.食用菌的代谢产物[J].生物学杂志,2000,17(4):1-3.
[3]陈明,陶鸿,李磊,卢伟,等.不同培养料对双孢蘑菇营养品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(25):266-269.
[4]贾金川,赵书光,张亚丽,等.双孢蘑菇工厂化高效栽培技术研究[J].上海蔬菜,2014(6):94-95.
[5]Iiyama K,Stone B A,Macauley B J.Compositional changes in compost during composting and growth of Agaricus bisporus[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1994,60:1538-1546.
[6]杨自轩,王璐.利用种草菇后菇渣再种平菇及蘑菇[J].中国食用菌,2004,23(1):35-36.
[7]万水霞,朱宏赋,李帆,等.利用秀珍菇菇渣栽培双孢蘑菇的试验宰[J].中国食用菌,2009,28(3):20-22.
[8]倪栋,杨洁,刘琛,等.杏鲍菇菌渣循环利用栽培双孢菇试验分析[J].中国园艺文摘,2017(8):21-23
[9]Patyshakuliyeva A,M?kel?M R,Sieti?O M,et al.An improved and reproducible protocol for the extraction of high quality fungal RNA from plant biomass substrates[J].Fung Genet Biol,2014,72:201-206.
[10]Jurak E,Kabel M A,Gruppen H.Carbohydrate composition of compost during compostingand mycelium growth of Agaricus bisporus[J].Carbohyd Polym,2014,101:281-286.
[11]Patyshakuliyeva A,Jurak E,Kohler A,et al.Carbohydrate utilization and metabolism is highly differentiated in Agaricus bisporus[J].BMC Genom,2013,14:663
[12]Lynd L R,Weiner P J.Microbial cellulose utilization:fundamentals and biotechnology[J].Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,2002,66(3):506-577.
[13]Van Wyk J P.Biotechnology and the utilization of biowaste as a resource for bioproduct development[J].Trends Biotechnol,2001,19:172-177.
[14]del Río J C,Marques G,Rencoret J,et al.Occurrence of naturally acetylated lignin units[J].J.Agric.Food Chem,2007,55:5461-5468.
[15]Chen Y,Chefetz B,Rosario R,et al.Chemical nature and composition of compost during mushroom growth[J].Comp Sci Utiliz,2000,8(4):347-359.
[16]Yama K,Stone B A,Macauley B J.Compositional changes in compost during composting and growth of Agaricus bisporus[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,1994,60(5):1538-1546.
[17]鲁丽鑫,姚方杰,张友民.对双孢蘑菇培养料在发酵过程中胞外酶活性变化和木质纤维素降解的研究[A].第十届全国食用菌学术研讨会会议论文集[C].北京:2013:9-16.
[18]Kabel M A,Jurak E,Makela M R,et al.Occurrence and function of enzymes for lignocellulose degradation in commercial Agaricus bisporus cultivation[J].Appl Microbiol Biotechnol.,2017.
[19]李晓博,李晓,李玉.双孢蘑菇生产中木质素、纤维素和半纤维素的降解及利用研究[J].食用菌,2009(2):6-10.
[20]Jurak E,Punt A M,Arts W,et al.Fate of Carbohydrates and Lignin during Composting and Mycelium Growth of Agaricus bisporus on Wheat Straw Based Compost[J].PLoS One.2015:10(10),e0138909.
[21]Bao S D.Soil Chemical Analysis[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000:433-438.
[22]Wang K Q,Lin H F,Guo L W.Determination of crude ash,calcium and total phosphorus in coconut peel[J].J Qiongzhou Univ,2004,11(5):31-33.
[23]Agnolucci M,Cristani C,Battini F,et al.Microbially-enhanced composting of olive mill solid waste(wet husk):bacterial and fungal community dynamics at industrial pilot and farm level[J].Bioresour Technol,2013,134:10-16.
[24]Ahmadi F.Chemical composition and protein enrichment of orange peels and sugar beet pulp after fermentation by two Trichoderma species[J].Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research,2014,16(1):25-30.
[25]叶云霞,金宁,杨杰,等.不同培养料对元蘑胞外酶活性的影响[J].山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2011,31(2):172-175.
[26]王珊珊,孙健,陈青君,等.丁香桑黄胞外漆酶的分离纯化与性质研究[A].第十届全国食用菌学水研讨会会议论文集[C].2014.
[27]黄建春,孙占刚,陈辉,等.荷兰先进双孢蘑菇培养料堆制发酵技术[J].食用菌,2015,37(2):1-3.
[28]Shekhar S H S,Kilpattick M.Mushroom(Agaricus bisporus)compost quality factors for predicting potential yield of fruiting bodies[J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,2000,46:515-519.
[29]黄建春.中国双孢蘑菇工厂化生产现状与发展的思考[J].食用菌,2012(2):1-3.
[30]秦改娟,王晓,陈青君,等.不同配方培养料生产双孢蘑菇过程中主要木质纤维素降解酶及物料组分的变化[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(6).1035-1041.
[31]Yan S,Wu G.Secretory pathway of celulase:a mini-review[J].Biotechnology for Biofuels,2013,6(1):177.
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