东海闽浙沿岸泥质区T08柱样的木质素特征
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摘要
为了解古植被对气候变化的响应,本文对从闽浙沿岸泥质区采集的T08柱状沉积物的木质素特征进行了分析,结合TOC和δ13 C参数分析,探讨了2000多年以来沉积物中陆源有机碳的来源和降解变化规律。该柱样上半段木质素的含量(∑8、Λ8)显著高于下半段,表明现代陆源输入的增加。紫丁香基酚类/香草基酚类(S/V)、肉桂基酚类/香草基酚类(C/V)和木质素酚类植被指数(LPVI)三者变化趋势基本相同,显示该沉积柱中木质素主要来源于被子植物木本和草本组织,裸子植物草本组织也有一定的贡献。植被参数的变化一定程度上反映了陆源植被对气候变化的响应,但存在时间滞后现象。S、V系列的酸醛比((Ad/Al)s、(Ad/Al)v)和P/(V+S)(P:对羟基酚类)分析表明木质素经历了中等程度的氧化降解和去甲基/去甲氧基降解,且降解程度没有随着深度的增加而增加。木质素降解参数对气候变化的响应,基本不存在时间滞后现象。
In order to understand the response of paleovegetation to climate changes,we analyzed the lignin composition in a sediment Core T08 collected from Fujian and Zhejiang Coastal Mud Zone.Together with the analysis of TOC andδ13C parameters,we discussed the variability of the sources and degradation of sedimentary terrigenous organic matter.The lignin content of upper core was higher than the lower half,indicating increased input of modern terrigenous vegetation.The changing trend of syringyl/vanillyl(S/V),cinnamyl/vanillyl(C/V)and the lignin phenol vegetation index(LPVI)was basically the same,indicating that lignin of the sediment core mainly came from the woody and non-woody tissues of angiosperms and non-woody tissues of gymnosperms also had some contribution.To some extent,the change of vegetation parameters reflects the response of terrestrial vegetation to climate change,but still exist time lag phenomenon.The ratios of the total acid phenols to the total aldehyde phenols of syringyl or vanillyl units((Ad/Al)s and(Ad/Al)v)and P/(V+S)(P:p-hydroxyl phenols)indicated that lignin in the sediment core underwent moderate oxidative and demethylation/demethoxy degradation,and the degree of degradation did not increase with increasing depth.There is no time lag phenomenon in response of degradation parameters to climate change.
In order to understand the response of paleovegetation to climate changes,we analyzed the lignin composition in a sediment Core T08 collected from Fujian and Zhejiang Coastal Mud Zone.Together with the analysis of TOC andδ13C parameters,we discussed the variability of the sources and degradation of sedimentary terrigenous organic matter.The lignin content of upper core was higher than the lower half,indicating increased input of modern terrigenous vegetation.The changing trend of syringyl/vanillyl(S/V),cinnamyl/vanillyl(C/V)and the lignin phenol vegetation index(LPVI)was basically the same,indicating that lignin of the sediment core mainly came from the woody and non-woody tissues of angiosperms and non-woody tissues of gymnosperms also had some contribution.To some extent,the change of vegetation parameters reflects the response of terrestrial vegetation to climate change,but still exist time lag phenomenon.The ratios of the total acid phenols to the total aldehyde phenols of syringyl or vanillyl units((Ad/Al)s and(Ad/Al)v)and P/(V+S)(P:p-hydroxyl phenols)indicated that lignin in the sediment core underwent moderate oxidative and demethylation/demethoxy degradation,and the degree of degradation did not increase with increasing depth.There is no time lag phenomenon in response of degradation parameters to climate change.
引文
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[9]肖尚斌,李安春,蒋富清,等.近2ka闽浙沿岸泥质沉积物物源分析[J].沉积学报,2006,23(2):268-274.Xiao S B,Li A C,Jiang F Q,et al.Provenance analysis of mud along the Min-Zhe Coast since 2ka BP[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,23(2):268-274.
[10]Zhou X,Yang W,Xiang R,et al.Re-examining the potential of using sensitive grain size of coastal muddy sediments as proxy of winter monsoon strength[J].Quaternary International,2014,333:173-178.
[11]Guo Z.g,Lin T,Zhang G,et al.The sedimentary fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Yangtze River Estuary coastal sea for the past century[J].Science of the Total Environment.2007:386:33-41.
[12]Zhang T,Li X G,Sun S W,et al.Determination of lignin in marine sediment using slkaline cupric oxide oxidation-solid phase extraction-on-column derivatization-gas chromatography[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2013,12(1):63-69.
[13]张婷.多参数指标重建东海闽浙沿岸沉积有机质的组成变化[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.Zhang T.Multi-proxies reconstruction for the changes in the composition of the sedimentary organic matter in the Min-Zhe coastal area of East China Sea[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2012.
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[16]王可,郑洪波,郑妍.东海内陆架泥质沉积反映的古环境演化[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(4):1-10.Wang K,Zheng H B,Zheng Y.High-resolution paleoenvironmental record of the mud sediments of the East China Sea inner shelf[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2008,28(4):1-10.
[17]Houel S,Louchouarn P,Lucotte M,et al.Translocation of soil organic matter following reservoir impoundment in boreal systems:Implications for in situ productivity[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2006,51(3):1497-1513.
[18]于灏.颗粒态陆源有机物在长江和东海陆架区的迁移和埋藏[D].上海:华东师范大学,2007.Yu H.Transport and burial of particulate terrigenous organic matter in Changjiang and East China Sea shelf[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2007.
[19]杨丽阳,吴莹,张经,等.长江口邻近陆架区表层沉积物的木质素分布和有机物来源分析[J].海洋学报,2008,30(5):35-42.Yang L Y,Wu Y,Zhang J,et al.Distribution of lignin and sources of organic matter in surface sediments from the adjacent area of the Changjiang estuary in China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2008,30(5):35-42.
[20]肖尚斌,李春安,陈木宏,等.近8Ka东亚冬季风变化的东海内陆架泥质沉积记录[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2005,30(5):573-581.Xiao S B,Li C A,Chen M H,et al.Recent 8ka mud records of the east asian winter monsoon from the inner shelf of the East China Sea[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2005,30(5):573-581.
[21]竺可桢.中国近五千年来气候变迁的初步研究[J].考古学报,1972(1):15-38.Zhu K Z.A preliminary study of the climate change in China in the past five thousand years[J].The Chinese Journal of Archaeology,1972(1):15-38.
[22]Tareq S M,Kitagawa H,Ohta K.Lignin biomarker and isotopic records of paleovegetation and climate changes from Lake Erhai,southwest China,since 18.5kaBP[J].Quaternary International,2011,229(1):47-56.
[23]韦振锋,王德光,张翀,等.1999—2010年中国西北地区植被覆盖对气候变化和人类活动的响应[J].中国沙漠,2014,6:31.Wei Z F,Wang D G,Zhang C,et al.Response of vegetation cover to climate change and human activities in Northwest China during 1999-2010[J].Journal of Desert Research,2014,6:31.
[24]余振,孙鹏森,刘世荣.中国东部南北样带主要植被类型归一化植被指数对气候变化的响应及不同时间尺度的差异性[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(11):1117-1126.Yu Z,Sun P S,Liu S R.Response of normalized difference vegetation index in main vegetation types to climate change and their variations in different time scales along a North-South Transect of Eastern China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2011,35(11):1117-1126.
[25]Cathalot C,Rabouille C,Tisnérat-Laborde N,et al.The fate of river organic carbon in coastal areas:A study in the Rhne River delta using multiple isotopic(δ13C,Δ14C)and organic tracers[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2013,118:33-55.
[26]Tareq S M,Handa N,Tanoue E.A lignin phenol proxy record of mid Holocene paleovegetation changes at Lake DaBuSu,northeast China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2006,88(1):445-449.
[27]Tareq S M,Kitagawa H,Ohta K.Lignin biomarker and isotopic records of paleovegetation and climate changes from Lake Erhai,southwest China,since 18.5kaBP[J].Quaternary International,2011,229(1):47-56.
[28]Opsahl S,Benner R.Early diagenesis of vascular plant tissues:lignin and cutin decomposition and biogeochemical implications[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1995,59(23):4889-4904.
[29]徐海,洪业汤.红原泥炭纤维素氧同位素指示的距今6ka温度变化[J].科学通报,2002,47(15):1181-1186.Xu H,Hong Y T.The temperature changes in the past 6ka indicated by Hong Yuan peat cellulose oxygen isotope[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2002,47(15):1181-1186.
[30]Lamb H H.Climate:Present,Past and Future(Routledge Revivals):Volume 1:Fundamentals and Climate Now[M].Routledge,2013.
[31]Filley T R,Cody G D,Goodell B,et al.Lignin demethylation and polysaccharide decomposition in spruce sapwood degraded by brown rot fungi[J].Organic Geochemistry,2002,33(2):111-124.
[32]Orem W H,Colman S M,Lerch H E.Lignin phenols in sediments of Lake Baikal,Siberia:Application to paleoenvironmental studies[J].Organic geochemistry,1997,27(3):153-172.
[33]Huang Y,Freeman K H,Eglinton T I,et al.δ13C analyses of individual lignin phenols in Quaternary lake sediments:A novel proxy for deciphering past terrestrial vegetation changes[J].Geology,1999,27(5):471-474.
[34]Li D,Yao P,Bianchi T S,et al.Organic carbon cycling in sediments of the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent shelf:Implication for the influence of Three Gorges Dam[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2014,139:409-419.
[35]Kirk T K.Degradation of lignin[J].Microbial degradation of organic compounds.Marcel Dekker,New York,1984.brown rot fungi[J].Organic Geochemistry,2002,33(2):111-124.
[36]葛全胜,方修琦,郑景云.中国历史时期温度变化特征的新认识[J].地理科学进展,2002,21(4):311-317.Ge Q S,Fang X Q,Zheng J Y.New understandings on the historical temperature changes in China[J].Progress in Geography,2002,21(4):311-317.
[2]Hedges J I,Ertel J R,Leopold E B.Lignin geochemistry of a Late Quaternary sediment core from Lake Washington[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1982,46(10):1869-1877.
[3]Hedges J I,Mann D C.The characterization of plant tissues by their lignin oxidation products[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1979,43(11):1803-1807.
[4]Goi M A,Nelson B,Blanchette R A,et al.Fungal degradation of wood lignins:Geochemical perspectives from CuO-derived phenolic dimers and monomers[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1993,57(16):3985-4002.
[5]Otto A,Simpson J M.Evaluation of CuO oxidation parameters for determining the source and stage of lignin degradation in soil[J].Biogeochemistry,2006,80:121-142.
[6]Demaster D J,Mckee B A,Nittrouer C A,et al.Rates of sediment accumulation and particle reworking based on radiochemical measurements from continental shelf deposits in the East China Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,1985,4(1-2):143-158.
[7]石学法,刘升发,乔淑卿,等.东海闽浙沿岸泥质区沉积特征与古环境记录[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011(4):19-30.Shi X F,Liu S F,Qiao S Q,et al.Depositional features and palaeoenvironmental records of the mud deposits in Min-Zhe coastal mud area,East China Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2011(4):19-30.
[8]赵泉鸿,翦知湣,张在秀,等.东海陆架泥质沉积区全新世有孔虫和介形虫及其古环境应用[J].微体古生物学报,2009,26(2):117-128.Zhao Q H,Jian Z M,Zhang Z X,et al.Holocene benthic Foraminifera and Ostracoda from the shelf mud area of the East China Sea and their paleoenvironmental implications[J].Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,2009,26(2):117-128.
[9]肖尚斌,李安春,蒋富清,等.近2ka闽浙沿岸泥质沉积物物源分析[J].沉积学报,2006,23(2):268-274.Xiao S B,Li A C,Jiang F Q,et al.Provenance analysis of mud along the Min-Zhe Coast since 2ka BP[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,23(2):268-274.
[10]Zhou X,Yang W,Xiang R,et al.Re-examining the potential of using sensitive grain size of coastal muddy sediments as proxy of winter monsoon strength[J].Quaternary International,2014,333:173-178.
[11]Guo Z.g,Lin T,Zhang G,et al.The sedimentary fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Yangtze River Estuary coastal sea for the past century[J].Science of the Total Environment.2007:386:33-41.
[12]Zhang T,Li X G,Sun S W,et al.Determination of lignin in marine sediment using slkaline cupric oxide oxidation-solid phase extraction-on-column derivatization-gas chromatography[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2013,12(1):63-69.
[13]张婷.多参数指标重建东海闽浙沿岸沉积有机质的组成变化[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.Zhang T.Multi-proxies reconstruction for the changes in the composition of the sedimentary organic matter in the Min-Zhe coastal area of East China Sea[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2012.
[14]Hartnett H E,Keil R G,Hedges J I,et al.Influence of oxygen exposure time on organic carbon preservation in continental margin sediments[J].Nature,1998,391(6667):572-575.
[15]郭志刚,杨作升.东海陆架泥质区沉积地球化学比较研究[J].沉积学报,2000,18(2):284-289.Guo Z G,Yang Z S.Study on comparison sedimentary geochemistry of mud area on East China Sea continental shelf[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2000,18(2):284-289.
[16]王可,郑洪波,郑妍.东海内陆架泥质沉积反映的古环境演化[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(4):1-10.Wang K,Zheng H B,Zheng Y.High-resolution paleoenvironmental record of the mud sediments of the East China Sea inner shelf[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2008,28(4):1-10.
[17]Houel S,Louchouarn P,Lucotte M,et al.Translocation of soil organic matter following reservoir impoundment in boreal systems:Implications for in situ productivity[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2006,51(3):1497-1513.
[18]于灏.颗粒态陆源有机物在长江和东海陆架区的迁移和埋藏[D].上海:华东师范大学,2007.Yu H.Transport and burial of particulate terrigenous organic matter in Changjiang and East China Sea shelf[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2007.
[19]杨丽阳,吴莹,张经,等.长江口邻近陆架区表层沉积物的木质素分布和有机物来源分析[J].海洋学报,2008,30(5):35-42.Yang L Y,Wu Y,Zhang J,et al.Distribution of lignin and sources of organic matter in surface sediments from the adjacent area of the Changjiang estuary in China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2008,30(5):35-42.
[20]肖尚斌,李春安,陈木宏,等.近8Ka东亚冬季风变化的东海内陆架泥质沉积记录[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2005,30(5):573-581.Xiao S B,Li C A,Chen M H,et al.Recent 8ka mud records of the east asian winter monsoon from the inner shelf of the East China Sea[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2005,30(5):573-581.
[21]竺可桢.中国近五千年来气候变迁的初步研究[J].考古学报,1972(1):15-38.Zhu K Z.A preliminary study of the climate change in China in the past five thousand years[J].The Chinese Journal of Archaeology,1972(1):15-38.
[22]Tareq S M,Kitagawa H,Ohta K.Lignin biomarker and isotopic records of paleovegetation and climate changes from Lake Erhai,southwest China,since 18.5kaBP[J].Quaternary International,2011,229(1):47-56.
[23]韦振锋,王德光,张翀,等.1999—2010年中国西北地区植被覆盖对气候变化和人类活动的响应[J].中国沙漠,2014,6:31.Wei Z F,Wang D G,Zhang C,et al.Response of vegetation cover to climate change and human activities in Northwest China during 1999-2010[J].Journal of Desert Research,2014,6:31.
[24]余振,孙鹏森,刘世荣.中国东部南北样带主要植被类型归一化植被指数对气候变化的响应及不同时间尺度的差异性[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(11):1117-1126.Yu Z,Sun P S,Liu S R.Response of normalized difference vegetation index in main vegetation types to climate change and their variations in different time scales along a North-South Transect of Eastern China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2011,35(11):1117-1126.
[25]Cathalot C,Rabouille C,Tisnérat-Laborde N,et al.The fate of river organic carbon in coastal areas:A study in the Rhne River delta using multiple isotopic(δ13C,Δ14C)and organic tracers[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2013,118:33-55.
[26]Tareq S M,Handa N,Tanoue E.A lignin phenol proxy record of mid Holocene paleovegetation changes at Lake DaBuSu,northeast China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2006,88(1):445-449.
[27]Tareq S M,Kitagawa H,Ohta K.Lignin biomarker and isotopic records of paleovegetation and climate changes from Lake Erhai,southwest China,since 18.5kaBP[J].Quaternary International,2011,229(1):47-56.
[28]Opsahl S,Benner R.Early diagenesis of vascular plant tissues:lignin and cutin decomposition and biogeochemical implications[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1995,59(23):4889-4904.
[29]徐海,洪业汤.红原泥炭纤维素氧同位素指示的距今6ka温度变化[J].科学通报,2002,47(15):1181-1186.Xu H,Hong Y T.The temperature changes in the past 6ka indicated by Hong Yuan peat cellulose oxygen isotope[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2002,47(15):1181-1186.
[30]Lamb H H.Climate:Present,Past and Future(Routledge Revivals):Volume 1:Fundamentals and Climate Now[M].Routledge,2013.
[31]Filley T R,Cody G D,Goodell B,et al.Lignin demethylation and polysaccharide decomposition in spruce sapwood degraded by brown rot fungi[J].Organic Geochemistry,2002,33(2):111-124.
[32]Orem W H,Colman S M,Lerch H E.Lignin phenols in sediments of Lake Baikal,Siberia:Application to paleoenvironmental studies[J].Organic geochemistry,1997,27(3):153-172.
[33]Huang Y,Freeman K H,Eglinton T I,et al.δ13C analyses of individual lignin phenols in Quaternary lake sediments:A novel proxy for deciphering past terrestrial vegetation changes[J].Geology,1999,27(5):471-474.
[34]Li D,Yao P,Bianchi T S,et al.Organic carbon cycling in sediments of the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent shelf:Implication for the influence of Three Gorges Dam[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2014,139:409-419.
[35]Kirk T K.Degradation of lignin[J].Microbial degradation of organic compounds.Marcel Dekker,New York,1984.brown rot fungi[J].Organic Geochemistry,2002,33(2):111-124.
[36]葛全胜,方修琦,郑景云.中国历史时期温度变化特征的新认识[J].地理科学进展,2002,21(4):311-317.Ge Q S,Fang X Q,Zheng J Y.New understandings on the historical temperature changes in China[J].Progress in Geography,2002,21(4):311-317.