黄河济南段柱状沉积物中木质素的分布特征
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摘要
河流是有机物从陆地向海输送的重要纽带。研究河流沉积环境中有机物的来源、贡献和分布情况,对于评估陆源有机物的碳循环以及反演环境演变具有重要意义。本文以黄河济南段的柱状沉积物为例,利用碱性CuO把木质素氧化分解为不同的单体并通过GC-FID测定,初步探讨了木质素的垂直分布特征和有机物来源。研究结果表明:木质素的含量Σ8(mg/10gds)的变化范围0.0029~0.60mg/10gds,其Σ8的值整体较低,少数值几乎接近检出限,可能与黄河含沙量大,砂质颗粒物的有机质本身含量较低有关,同时低Σ8很好地揭示了沉积物样品的贫有机质特征;木质素的植被参数S/V和C/V表明其母源植被多以被子植物的叶或草为主,部分区段掺杂着裸子植物草本组织。其降解参数(Ad/Al和P/(V+S))则揭示了木质素经历了中高程度的氧化降解和较强的去甲基/去甲氧基降解。此外,C/V和3,5-Bd/V(3,5-双羟基苯甲酸/V)的关系说明该研究区域有机物主要来自土壤的贡献。
River is an important link for the transport of organic matter from land to sea.Studying on the sources,contribution and distribution of organic matter in fluvial sedimentary environment is significant for assessment of terrestrial organic carbon cycle and inversion of environmental evolution.In Ji'nan section of the Yellow River,the vertical distribution of lignin and the source of organic matter were preliminarily studied by using alkaline CuO oxidation method.The lignin was decomposed into different monomers and the content was determined by GC-FID.The result showed that the lignin content Σ8(mg/10gds)was in the range of 0.0029~0.60mg/10 gds.,which indicated a trend of increase and then decrease with the increase of the depth in general.The values of the Σ8 were relatively low and some values were close to the detection limitation which may be related to large sediment of the Yellow River and the low content of organic matter in sandy particulate.Moreover,it has been proved that the sediment was poor organic matter;The lignin vegetation parameters(S/V and C/V)indicated that the maternal vegetation was dominated by a mixture of nonwoody angiosperm and gymnosperm plants.Its degradation parameters(Ad/Al and P/(V+S))revealed that the lignin underwent a high degree of oxidation degradation and strong degradation of demethylation/demethoxylation.In addition,the relationship between C/V and 3,5-Bd/V suggested that soil-derived terrestrial organic matter may account to majority composition in most samples.
River is an important link for the transport of organic matter from land to sea.Studying on the sources,contribution and distribution of organic matter in fluvial sedimentary environment is significant for assessment of terrestrial organic carbon cycle and inversion of environmental evolution.In Ji'nan section of the Yellow River,the vertical distribution of lignin and the source of organic matter were preliminarily studied by using alkaline CuO oxidation method.The lignin was decomposed into different monomers and the content was determined by GC-FID.The result showed that the lignin content Σ8(mg/10gds)was in the range of 0.0029~0.60mg/10 gds.,which indicated a trend of increase and then decrease with the increase of the depth in general.The values of the Σ8 were relatively low and some values were close to the detection limitation which may be related to large sediment of the Yellow River and the low content of organic matter in sandy particulate.Moreover,it has been proved that the sediment was poor organic matter;The lignin vegetation parameters(S/V and C/V)indicated that the maternal vegetation was dominated by a mixture of nonwoody angiosperm and gymnosperm plants.Its degradation parameters(Ad/Al and P/(V+S))revealed that the lignin underwent a high degree of oxidation degradation and strong degradation of demethylation/demethoxylation.In addition,the relationship between C/V and 3,5-Bd/V suggested that soil-derived terrestrial organic matter may account to majority composition in most samples.
引文
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[6]张龙军,张向上,等.黄河口有机碳的时空输运特征及其影响因素分析[J].水科学进展,2007,18(5):674-682.
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[13]彭俊,陈沈良.近60年黄河水沙变化过程及其对三角洲的影响[J].地理学报,2009,64(11):1353-1362.
[14]李凤业,高抒,等.黄、渤海泥质沉积区现代沉积速率[J].青岛:海洋与湖沼,2002,33(4):364-369.
[15]徐跃通,冯海霞,等.黄河济南段水资源特点与可持续利用对策[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(2):128-133.
[16]杨丽阳.沉积物中的木质素在物源示踪和环境演变研究中的应用初探[J].上海:华东师范大学,2009.
[17]于灏,吴莹,等.长江流域植物和土壤的木质素特征[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(5):817-823.
[18]Dittmar T,Lara R J.Molecular evidence for lignin degradation in sulfate-reducing mangrove sediments(Amazonia,Brazil)[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2001,65(9):1417-1428.
[19]Go i M A.Record of terrestrial organic matter composition in Amazon fan sediments[J].Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,Scientific Results,1997,155:519-530.
[20]Filley T R,Hatcher P G,Shortle W C,et al.,The application of 13C-labeled tetramethylammonium hydroxide(13C-TMAH)thermochemolysis to the study of fungal degradation of wood[J].Organic Geochemistry,2000,31(2):181-198.
[21]Filley T R,Cody G D,Goodell B,et al.,Lignin demethylation and polysaccharide decomposition in spruce sapwood degraded by brown rot fungi[J].Organic Geochemistry,2002,33(2):111-124.
[22]Huang Y,Freeman K H,Eglinton T I,et al.,δ13 C analyses of individual lignin phenols in Quaternary lake sediments:A novel proxy for deciphering past terrestrial vegetation changes[J].Geology,1999,27(5):471-474.
[23]Gordon E S,Go i M A.Controls on the distribution and accumulation of terrigenous organic matter in sediments from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya river margin[J].Marine Chemistry,2004,92(1):331-352.
[24]Houel S,Louchouarn P,Lucotte M,et al.,Translocation of soil organic matter following reservoir impoundment in boreal systems:Implications for in situ productivity[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2006,51(3):1497-1513.
[25]S nchez-Garc a L,de Andr s J R,Mart n-RubíJ A,et al.,Diagenetic state and source characterization of marine sediments from the inner continental shelf of the Gulf of C diz(SW Spain),constrained by terrigenous biomarkers[J].Organic Geochemistry,2009,40(2):184-194.
[26]Go i M A,Montgomery S.Alkaline CuO oxidation with a microwave digestion system:Lignin analyses of geochemical samples[J].Analytical Chemistry,2000,72(14):3116-3121.
[27]Go i M A,Hedges J I.Sources and reactivities of marine-derived organic matter in coastal sediments as determined by alkaline CuO oxidation[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1995,59(14):2965-2981.
[28]Prahl F G,Ertel J R,Goni M A,et al.,Terrestrial organic carbon contributions to sediments on the Washington margin[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1994,58(14):3035-3048.
[29]Ugolini F C,Reanier R E,Rau G H,et al.,Pedological,isotopic,and geochemical investigations of the soils at the boreal forest and alpine tundra transition in northern Alaska[J].Soil Science,1981,131(6):359-374.
[30]杨守业,李从先.长江与黄河沉积物REE地球化学及示踪作用[J].地球化学,1999,28(4):374-380.
[31]陶舒琴.黄河颗粒态及渤、黄海现代沉积有机质的组成和同位素分布特征及源项解析[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[32]沈承德,丁平,等.北京降尘宇宙成因核素14C和10Be分布特征[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(6):919-921.
[33]Keil R G,Mayer L M,Quay P D,et al.,Loss of organic matter from riverine particles in deltas.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1997,61(7):1507-1511.
[2]蒋挺大,木质素[M].化学工业出版社,2001:1-242.
[3]刘星,吴莹.木质素在河口与陆架海洋环境中的示踪[J].海洋环境科学,2001,20(4):61-66.
[4]李国英.黄河调水调沙[J].中国水利,2002,24(11):29-33.
[5]于文涛.黄河三角洲潮间带有机碳的地球化学研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[6]张龙军,张向上,等.黄河口有机碳的时空输运特征及其影响因素分析[J].水科学进展,2007,18(5):674-682.
[7]宫萍.黄河及河口区正构烷烃、正脂肪酸的特征分析[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2005.
[8]Cai D.Geochemical studies on organic carbon isotope of the Huanghe River(Yellow River)Estuary[J].Science in China.Series B,Chemistry,life sciences&earth sciences,1994,37(8):1001-1015.
[9]宫敏娜,张龙军,等.黄河不同区段悬浮颗粒物中正构烷烃的组成及物源[J].青岛:中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2006(S1):139-142.
[10]Hedges J I,Ertel J R,Leopold E B.Lignin geochemistry of a Late Quaternary sediment core from Lake Washington[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1982,46(10):1869-1877.
[11]Zhang T,Li X,Sun S,et al.,Determination of lignin in marine sediment using alkaline cupric oxide oxidation-solid phase extraction-on-column derivatization-gas chromatography[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2013,12(1):63-69.
[12]Yamamoto M,Ichikawa Y,Igarashi Y,et al.,Late Quaternary variation of lignin composition in core MD01-2421off central Japan,NW Pacific[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2005,229(3):179-186.
[13]彭俊,陈沈良.近60年黄河水沙变化过程及其对三角洲的影响[J].地理学报,2009,64(11):1353-1362.
[14]李凤业,高抒,等.黄、渤海泥质沉积区现代沉积速率[J].青岛:海洋与湖沼,2002,33(4):364-369.
[15]徐跃通,冯海霞,等.黄河济南段水资源特点与可持续利用对策[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(2):128-133.
[16]杨丽阳.沉积物中的木质素在物源示踪和环境演变研究中的应用初探[J].上海:华东师范大学,2009.
[17]于灏,吴莹,等.长江流域植物和土壤的木质素特征[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(5):817-823.
[18]Dittmar T,Lara R J.Molecular evidence for lignin degradation in sulfate-reducing mangrove sediments(Amazonia,Brazil)[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2001,65(9):1417-1428.
[19]Go i M A.Record of terrestrial organic matter composition in Amazon fan sediments[J].Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,Scientific Results,1997,155:519-530.
[20]Filley T R,Hatcher P G,Shortle W C,et al.,The application of 13C-labeled tetramethylammonium hydroxide(13C-TMAH)thermochemolysis to the study of fungal degradation of wood[J].Organic Geochemistry,2000,31(2):181-198.
[21]Filley T R,Cody G D,Goodell B,et al.,Lignin demethylation and polysaccharide decomposition in spruce sapwood degraded by brown rot fungi[J].Organic Geochemistry,2002,33(2):111-124.
[22]Huang Y,Freeman K H,Eglinton T I,et al.,δ13 C analyses of individual lignin phenols in Quaternary lake sediments:A novel proxy for deciphering past terrestrial vegetation changes[J].Geology,1999,27(5):471-474.
[23]Gordon E S,Go i M A.Controls on the distribution and accumulation of terrigenous organic matter in sediments from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya river margin[J].Marine Chemistry,2004,92(1):331-352.
[24]Houel S,Louchouarn P,Lucotte M,et al.,Translocation of soil organic matter following reservoir impoundment in boreal systems:Implications for in situ productivity[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2006,51(3):1497-1513.
[25]S nchez-Garc a L,de Andr s J R,Mart n-RubíJ A,et al.,Diagenetic state and source characterization of marine sediments from the inner continental shelf of the Gulf of C diz(SW Spain),constrained by terrigenous biomarkers[J].Organic Geochemistry,2009,40(2):184-194.
[26]Go i M A,Montgomery S.Alkaline CuO oxidation with a microwave digestion system:Lignin analyses of geochemical samples[J].Analytical Chemistry,2000,72(14):3116-3121.
[27]Go i M A,Hedges J I.Sources and reactivities of marine-derived organic matter in coastal sediments as determined by alkaline CuO oxidation[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1995,59(14):2965-2981.
[28]Prahl F G,Ertel J R,Goni M A,et al.,Terrestrial organic carbon contributions to sediments on the Washington margin[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1994,58(14):3035-3048.
[29]Ugolini F C,Reanier R E,Rau G H,et al.,Pedological,isotopic,and geochemical investigations of the soils at the boreal forest and alpine tundra transition in northern Alaska[J].Soil Science,1981,131(6):359-374.
[30]杨守业,李从先.长江与黄河沉积物REE地球化学及示踪作用[J].地球化学,1999,28(4):374-380.
[31]陶舒琴.黄河颗粒态及渤、黄海现代沉积有机质的组成和同位素分布特征及源项解析[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[32]沈承德,丁平,等.北京降尘宇宙成因核素14C和10Be分布特征[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(6):919-921.
[33]Keil R G,Mayer L M,Quay P D,et al.,Loss of organic matter from riverine particles in deltas.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1997,61(7):1507-1511.