云南通海、剑川匠系民居木构架特点比较研究
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摘要
云南汉式合院民居受到明清时期汉文化及其建筑技艺不同程度的影响,在民居木构架的形式和建构技艺上,呈现出明显的地方差异。滇南的通海匠系和滇西的剑川匠系是云南两大木构技艺匠作的主流体系。云南各地的汉式合院民居也基本遵循这两大匠作体系的营造规律不断演化。重点分析了云南汉式合院民居的木构形式、屋顶构造等,探寻两大匠作体系的构架形式、构造方式之间存在的差异性特点,以及建筑文化对构架形式的不同影响,进而获得对这两大匠作体系的建构工艺与应用更深入的认识。
The traditional folk house carries the wisdom of Chinese traditional architecture,it is of great historical significance to protect traditional architecture and inherit traditional culture,and there is also a trend of highlighting cultural self-confidence in today's society. Due to the differences in physical geography and cultural environment, the Jiangnan Han culture courtyard dwellings in Yunnan have been influenced to varying degrees by the Han-style culture and architectural techniques of Central Plain during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There have been also obvious local differences in the form and construction techniques of the timber frame of the dwellings. The craftsmen of Tonghai County in Southern Yunnan and Jianchuan County in Western Yunnan are the mainstream of the two main wood craftsmen of Yunnan. The Hanstyle courtyard dwellings in various parts of Yunnan also follow the rules of these two craftsman systems. This paper focuses on the analysis of the specific content of the wooden form and roof structure of the Han-style courtyard dwellings in Yunnan, and explores the differences between the two craftsman systems in the form of structure and the structure form,as well as the different influences of architectural culture on the form of structure. It is intended to gain a deeper understanding of the construction process and application of these two craftsman systems.
The traditional folk house carries the wisdom of Chinese traditional architecture,it is of great historical significance to protect traditional architecture and inherit traditional culture,and there is also a trend of highlighting cultural self-confidence in today's society. Due to the differences in physical geography and cultural environment, the Jiangnan Han culture courtyard dwellings in Yunnan have been influenced to varying degrees by the Han-style culture and architectural techniques of Central Plain during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There have been also obvious local differences in the form and construction techniques of the timber frame of the dwellings. The craftsmen of Tonghai County in Southern Yunnan and Jianchuan County in Western Yunnan are the mainstream of the two main wood craftsmen of Yunnan. The Hanstyle courtyard dwellings in various parts of Yunnan also follow the rules of these two craftsman systems. This paper focuses on the analysis of the specific content of the wooden form and roof structure of the Han-style courtyard dwellings in Yunnan, and explores the differences between the two craftsman systems in the form of structure and the structure form,as well as the different influences of architectural culture on the form of structure. It is intended to gain a deeper understanding of the construction process and application of these two craftsman systems.
引文
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[4]刘致平.中国居住建筑简史——城市、住宅、园林[M].王其明,增补.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[5]蒋高宸.云南民族住屋文化[M].昆明:云南大学出版社,1997.
[6]姚承祖.营造法原[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986.
[7]李东海.建构视野下沙溪古镇工匠技艺与材料表达的研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2015.
[8]杨大禹.人居和顺[M].昆明:云南大学出版社,2006.
[9]唐黎洲.工匠的智慧——剑川沙溪传统民居营造中大木匠意研究初步[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2006.
[10]杨立峰.匠作·匠场·手风——滇南“一颗印”民居大木匠作调查研究[D].上海:同济大学,2005.
[11]谢肇淛.五杂俎(地部二卷)[M].上海:中华书局,1958.
[2]宾慧中,闫爱宾.滇西北传统建筑匠作体系略论[J].南方建筑,2012(1):75-81.
[3]蒋高宸.建水古城的历史记忆[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,1992.
[4]刘致平.中国居住建筑简史——城市、住宅、园林[M].王其明,增补.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[5]蒋高宸.云南民族住屋文化[M].昆明:云南大学出版社,1997.
[6]姚承祖.营造法原[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986.
[7]李东海.建构视野下沙溪古镇工匠技艺与材料表达的研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2015.
[8]杨大禹.人居和顺[M].昆明:云南大学出版社,2006.
[9]唐黎洲.工匠的智慧——剑川沙溪传统民居营造中大木匠意研究初步[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2006.
[10]杨立峰.匠作·匠场·手风——滇南“一颗印”民居大木匠作调查研究[D].上海:同济大学,2005.
[11]谢肇淛.五杂俎(地部二卷)[M].上海:中华书局,1958.
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